LIBRARY  OF  ARCHITECTURE  AND  ALLIED  AM) 
453  SOUTH  SPRING  STREET,  LOS  ANGELES,  CAUF. 


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LIBRARY  OF  ARCHITECTURE 
AND  ALLIED  ARTS 


Washington,  the  nation1 s 

capital  :L_ 


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DATE  DUE 


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ASK     HIM    ABOUT 


fihe  Busy  Corner  of  the  Nation's  Capital 


WASHINGTON.   D.   C. 


Headquarters    for    Everything    for   Women    and   Children 


It's  a  store  that  has  a  motto  and  liv  s  up  to  it — "Always  the  best 

of  everything  for  the  least  mom  v." 
It's  the  only  store  in  Washington  where  prices  are  notably  low. 


Accommodation  as  weii  as  M/M;.;;-   .•  •  visitors. 

Rest  room — no  charge. 
Packages  checked— no  charge. 


"Department 

_for 
•Souvenirs 


Information  Bureau— no  charge. 

Public  telephones  in  the  store. 

Telegraph  office  in  the  store. 

Women's  and  children's  shoes  polished — no  charge. 

Branch  Post  Office  (Money  Order)  in  the  store. 

Special  package  delivery  for  outgoing  trains— free. 

Lun^h  Grotto    that   is    convenient  and   inviting — Popular   prices. 

THE    VISITOR'S    SHOPPING    PLACE 


\SK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


JAMES   L.   NOR.RJS 


KMABLISHKD 


Lone  Distance  and  Local  Telephone. 

MEMBER  OF  THE   PATENT  LAW  ASSOCIATION 
COUNSELOR    IN    PATENT   CAUSES     M>     MI    ^ 

Solicitor    of    American 
and    Foreign    Patents 

IN   ACTIVE    PRACTICE   OVER   THIRTY   YEARS. 


Norra  Office  Bldg,  erected  in  1880. 


PATENTS 


Cor.  F  and  Fifth  S«s..  N.  W.. 
WASHINGTON.     D.     C. 


National  Bank  of  Washington,  Washington,  D.  C. 

B33S3TsS?.£>  w"hi'*ton'  D-  c- 

The  Bibcock  &  Willcox  Co.,  New  York  City. 

The  Colliery  Kngineer  Co..  Scranton,  Pa. 

The  Star  Incubau>r&  Brooder  Co.,  Bonad  Brook,  N.  J. 


Star  ncubau>r&  Brooder  Co.,  Bonad  Broo 
Cudahy  Packing  Co.,  Sooth  Omaha,  Neb. 

The   Knickerbocker  Co.,   Jackson,    Mich.,  and   St. 
Louis,   Mo. 

The  Tasteless  Outnine  Co.,  Asheville,  N.  C. 

The  HowelU  Mining  Drill  Co.,  Plynv  uth,  Pa. 

The  White  Mt.  Freewr  Co.,  Nashua,  N.  H. 

J.A.  Kelly  A  Bros.,  Clinton,  la. 

The  Carter  Manufacturing  Co.,  Louisville,  Ky. 


SPECIAL      REFERENCES 


The  Continental  Gin  Co.,  Birmingham,  Ala. 
The  Turner  Machine  Co.,  Danbury,  Conn. 
Hardsocg  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ottumwa,  Iowa. 
What  Cheer  Tool  Co.,  What  Cheer,  la. 
Athol  Machine  Co.,  Athol,  Mass. 
L.  Boyer's  Sons,  New  York  City. 
Metallic  Cap  Manufacturing  Co.,  New  York  City. 
CarySafe  Co.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Columbia  Carriage  Co..  Hamilton,  Ohio. 
Buckeye  Iron  &  Brass  Works,  Dayton,  Ohio. 
Jackson  &  Sharp  Co.,  Wilmington-Del. 
Keating  Implement  &  Mach.  Co.,  Dallas,  Tex. 
Boss  Knitting  Machine  Works,  Reading,  Fa. 
Geo.  W.  Dunbar's  Sons,  New  Orleans,  La. 


UNITED    STATES    PATENT    OFFICE, 


THE    WASHINGTON    SCHOOL  FOR    BOYS 

Advisory  Board 

Hon.  David  J.  Brewer 
U.  S.  Supreme  Court 
Gen.  John  W.  Foster,  LL.  D. 

Ex-Secretary  of  State 

Charles  C.  Glover 
Pres.  Riggs  National  Bank 

Hon.  Hilary  A.  Herbert 

Ex-Secretary  of  Navy 

Hon   William  H.  Taft.  LL.  D. 

Secretary  of  War 

Col.  Carroll  D.  Wright 
U.  S.  Com'r  of  Labor 

References 

Charles  W.  Eliot,  LL.  D. 
Pres.  Harvard  University 
Daniel  C.  Gilman,  LL.  D. 
Pres.  Carnegie  Institute 
Arthur!.  Hadley,  LL.  D. 
Pres.  Yale  University 
Wm.  R.  Harper,  DO.,  LL.  D. 
Pres.  University  of  Chicago 

William  T.  Harris,  Ph.  D..LL.D, 

U.  S.  Com'r  of  Education 

Woodrow  Wilson,  Litt.  D.,  LL.  D. 
Pres.  Princeton  University 

WISCONSIN  AVENUE,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

THE  WASHINGTON  SCHOOL  is  located  in  the 
suburbs  of  Washington,  at  an  elevation  of  400 
feet  above  the  Potomac;   it  is  surrounded  by  woods 
and  fields,  yet  it  is  within  half  an  hour's  ride  by 
convenient  trolley  of  the  heart  of  the  city.     With 
its  Boarding  and  Day  Departments,  with  its  Junior 
and  Senior  Schools,  with  its  modern  buildings  and 
its  extensive  athletic  grounds,  with  its  able  Faculty 
and  its  thorough  course  of  study,  it  offers  unusual 
advantages  for  the  education  of  a  boy  from  the  time 
he  leaves  the  Kindergarten  until  he  enters  College. 
In   a  letter  to  the   Head-Master  President  Eliot 
of  Harvard  says: 

"Your  programme  of  studies  is  much  more  comprehen- 
sive than  is  usual,  and  the  provision  you  make  for  choice 
of  studies  in  the  interest  of  each  individual  pupil  is  excel- 
lent.   Your  proportion  of  the  number  of  teachers  to  the 
number  of  pupils  is  also  unusually  large." 

Ask  Mr.  Foster  for  an  illustrated  Year-Book  or  address 
the  Head-Master 

LOUIS   LEVERETT   HOOPER. 

3904  Wisconsin  Avenvie,  Washington,  D.  C. 

G  U  N  S  T  O  N 

A  Boarding  a.rvd  Day  School  for    Young  Ladies. 

1401  Massachusetts  Avenue.  1212-1214  and  1232  14th  Street,  N.  W.. 


WASHINGTON,    D.  C. 


* 


The  location  on  Highland  Terrace, 
fronting  on  Thomas  Circle,  com- 
mands a  beautiful  view  of  the 
city.  Reference  is  given,  by  per 
mission,  to  Gen.  John  M.  Wilson,  ,?f 
Chief  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army.  j} 

MR.  &  MRS.  BEVERLEY  R.  MASON,      5 
Principals,  Jf 

5^ 

Miss  EDITH  M.  CLARK,  LL.  A  ,       3t 
Associate  Principal.  ^ 


ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


Georgetown  University 

WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 

Under  the  Direction  of  the   Fathers  of  the  Society  of   Jesus 


THE  COLLEGE. 

TH  K  GRADUATE  SCHOOL  offers  to  Graduate  Students  higher  elective  courses  in  Philosophy, 
History  of  Philosophy,  Political  Economy,  General  Literature  and  Philology,  English  Literature, 
French  Literature,  Constitutional  History,  Elementary  I.aw,  Theory  of  Music,  Biology,  Chemistry, 
Mathematics,  Meclianical  Drawing  and  Descriptive  Geometry. 

III  I  ASTRONOMICAL  OBSERVATORY.  The  staff  of  the  Obsenatory  is  chiefly  engaged  in 
original  observation  and  research,  but  special  students  will  be  taken  if  qualified. 

•III!  coil  IT.IATE  DEPARTMENT.  Four  years'  course  in  Classics,  Mathematics,  English 
Natural  Sciences,  Philosophy,  etc. 

TH  E  PR  EPARATORY  DEPARTMENT.    Four  years'  course,  preparatory  to  college. 
The  School  of  Medicine  and  Dental  Department. 

Students  are  required  to  devote  their  entire  time  to  the  study  of  medicine.  Evening  classes  have 
been  abolished,  as  it  was  found  impracticable  to  properly  train  men  engaged  in  other  pursuits  during 
theday.  The  fifty-fifth  session  will  begin  October  i,  1004,  and  continue  for  eight  months.  A  large 
corns  of  teachers  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  students  makes  instruction  more  directly  personal 
and  adiptrd  to  the  special  needs  nf  the  individual.  The  clinical  facilities  of  the  University  Hospital 
and  other  city  and  government  hospitals  are  ample,  and  the  laboratories  are  all  well  equipped. 

Serial  attention  is  invited  to  the  educational  advantages  of  the  National  Capital,  with  its  unrivalled 
libraries,  the  Army  Medical  Museum,  the  Museum  of  Hygiene,  and  the  various  scientific  laboratories 
which  are  open  to  students. 

ular  of  information  giving  full  details  of  requisites  for  admission,  etc.,  will  be  sent  on  applica- 
tion to  GEOXCB  M.  K.OBER,  Dean,  1600  T  Street,  N.  W.,  Washington,  I).  C. 

The    Li\  w    Department 

has  a  faculty  composed  of  jurists  of  national  reputation.     It  utilizes  to  the  full  the  advantages  which 
make  the  national  capital  the  greatest  center  of  legal  learning  in  the  United  States.    S.  M.  \EATMAN. 
Further  information  and  catalogues  may  be  obtained  by  addressing 

THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  FACULTY. 

Georgetown  College,  Washington,  D.  C. 


A.>K   M  R.    FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Perm.  Ave. 


Books  and  Stationery 


Our  reputation  is  based  on 
The  largest  stock 
The  finest  stationery 
The  lowest  prices 
The  quickest  service 
The  best  book  knowledge 
Our  foreign  connections 


U.   S.   Government  Agents. 

U.   S.   Government  Libraries  Supplied. 


BRENTANO'S 

Penna.  Ave.  ®.  llth  St.,  N.  W.,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


NEW  YORK 
CHICAGO 


PARIS 


LONDON 
LEIPZIG 


Mason,    Fenwick 
&   Lawrence 

PATENT  AND 
TRADE-MARK 

LAWYERS 

602    F   Street,   N.   W., 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

AND 

St.  Paul  Building, 

Established  1861       NEW  YORK 


52-page  book  on  patents  and 
trade-marks,  containing  impor- 
tant law  points  for  inventors  and 
manufacturers,  besides  illustra- 
tions of  mechanical  movements, 
sent  free  on  application.  -:-  -:- 


GENIUS  OF  INVENTION. 


PATENTS 


promptly  obtained  OR  HO  PEE.  Trade-Marks, 
CaveaU.  Copyright*  and  Labels  registered. 
TWENTY  TEAKS'  PRACTICE.  Highest  references. 
Send  model,  sketch  or  photo,  for  free  report 
on  patentability.  All  business  confidential. 
HAND-BOOK  FREE.  Explains  everything.  Tells 
How  to  Obtain  and  Sell  Patents,  What  Inventions 
Will  Pay,  How  to  Get  a  Partner,  explains  best 
mechanical  movements,  and  contains  300  other 
subjects  of  importance  to  inventors.  Address, 

H.  B.  WILLSON  &  GO. 


Le  Droit  Bldg., 


,. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


S6ff  NEW  BEACONSFIELD 

Boston's  Latest  Hotel  Enterprise. 
First  Floor  Covering  Over  One  Acre  of  Spa.ce. 
Is  Boston's  Largest  Summer  a.nd  Winter   Hotel. 
Location  the  Best. 

Twenty-five  minutes  from  center  of  city. 

Electrics  every  three  minutes. 

Auto  Carriage,  capacity  100.      Machine  and  tool  house. 

Large  stable  accommodations. 

Private  park,  10  acres,  with  Tennis  Courts  and  playgrounds. 

A  most  delightful  resting  place  for  a  long  or  short  stay  in  Boston. 

Prices  most  reasonable  for  both  transient  and  permanent  guests. 

The  restaurant  is  the  very  best. 

Write  for  particulars  and  booklet. 

This  hotel  is  pronounced  by  artists  and  those  who  have  seen  it 

as  the  most  artistic,  both  exterior  and  interior,  of  any  in  America. 


ARMED  LIBERTY— MODEL  IN  THE 
NATIONAL  MUSEUM  OF  THE  STATUE 
SURMOUNTING  THE  CAPITOL  DOME 


•         s= 


ASHINGTON 


BY   CHARLES    B.  REYNOLDS 


FOSTER   &    REYNOLDS 
NEW  YORK 

Copyright,  1904,  by  Charles  B.  Reynolds 


HOUSE    EXTENSION. 


TH1 


DITOL. 


SENATE    EXTENSION. 


Powell's   Painting  in  the  C;i|.it.>l. 


LANDING  OF  COLUMBUS   ON   SAN    SALVADOR. 


THIS    BOOK 

Is  a  complete  and  practical  Handbook  of  Washington.  It 
gives  information  that  will  add  to  one's  convenience  and 
pleasure  here,  and  will  enable  the  visitor  to  see  Washington 
understandingly  and  to  the  very  best  advantage. 

Make  use  of  the  full  Index  on  third  page  beyond. 

The  Time  Table  on  page  7  gives  the  hours  to  visit  the 
public  buildings.  It  will  help  plan  the  day's  program. 

There  is  a  Ready  Reference  Map  on  pages  14-15;  with  a  large 
folded  map  in  the  back,  which  is  the  most  accurate,  complete 
and  beautiful  map  of  Washington  ever  made. 

More  than  200  illustrations  give  an  admirable  series  of  views 
of  all  the  objects  of  interest.  Every  care  has  been  taken  to  make 
the  book  a  delight  to  the  eye;  and  the  prose  and  the  pictures 
will  prove  pleasant  reminders  of  one's  visit  to  Washington. 

NOTE. — The  text  and  illustrations  are  copyrighted  throughout.     All  persons 
are  warned  against  infringement  or   dealing  in   any  infringements. 


Vanderlyn's  viikting   in   the  Capitol. 


u^1ft>S 


fc?ty 
ARTS 


DE    SOTO'S    DISCOVERY   OF    THE    MISSISSIPPI. 

CONTENTS. 

TIME  TABLE,     - 

READY   REFERENCE, 

THE  CAPITOL,   - 

THE  LIBRARY, 

THE  WHITE  HOUSE, 

THE  CORCORAN  ART  GALLERY,     - 

THE  WASHINGTON  MONUMENT, 

THE  TREASURY, 

STATE,  WAR  AND  NAVY, 

THE  NAVY  YARD,  - 

SMITHSONIAN  AND  NATIONAL  MUSEUM, 

THE  PENSION  BUILDING,     -  - 

HALLS  OF  THE  ANCIENT?, 

THE  SOLDIERS'  HOME,  ... 

ARLINGTON,       -  • 

MOUNT  VERNON,     - 

ALEXANDRIA,    - 


PAGE 

7 
8 

21 

55 

9i 

99 

106 

109 

119 

18 

124 

129 

130 

133 

135 

142 

'63 


Washington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 


BAPTISM    OF    POCAHONTAS. 
Chapman's  Painting  in  the  Capitol. 


EMBARKATION    OF    THE    PILGRIMS. 
Weir's  Painting  in  the  Capitol. 


Adams,  J.  47 

Adams,  J.  Q.  34 

Adams,  S.  34 

Agricultural  Dept.  10 

Allen,  Ethan  36 

Allen,  Wm.  36 

Alexandria  163 

American  University  11 

Anacostia  13 

Arlington  Cemetery  135 

Arlington  Mem.  Bridge   13 

Army  Medical  Museum  10 

Arsenal  19 

Avenues  9 

Baker  32 

Bartholdi  Fountain  n 

Bastille  144 

Bates  44 

Battle  of  Lake  Erie  50 

Bedford  44 

Benning  13 

Benton  36 

Be-she-ke  44 

Bivouac  of  the  Dead  138 

Bladensburg  13 

Blaine  House  20 

Blair  36 

Boone  28,  44 

Botanical  Gardens  n 

Brightwood  13 

British  Legation  9,  121 

Brother  Jonathan  40 

Bureau  Engraving  no 

Bureaus  8 

Burgoyne  26 

Cab  Fares  9 

Cabin  John  Bridge  13,  167 
Cabot  28 
Cameron  52 
CAPITOL  21 

Bronze  Doors  32,  148 
Clocks  34,  44,  47 
Corner  Stones  53 
Crypt  53 
Dome  24,  34 
Liberty  Statue  24 
Guides  21 
History  21 
HOUSE  42 

Clock  44 

Committee  Rooms  46 

Hall  Representatives  4: 

Lobby  44 

Mace  42 

Paintings  44 

Retiring  Room  44 

Stairways  44 
ROTUNDA  26 

Canopy  28,  31 

Frieze  28 

Paintings  26 

Portico  24,  32 


INDEX. 

CAPITOL — Continued 

Statues  32 

Whispering  Gallery  32 
SENATE  46 

Chamber  46 

Committee  Rooms  52 

District  Room  48 

Marble  Room  44 

Paintings  50 

Portico  24 

President's  Room  47 

Reception  Room  48 

Stairways  50,  52 

Vestibule  48 

Vice-Pres.  Room  48 
STATUARY  HALL  34 
SUPREME  COURT  46 
Capitol,  Old  n 
Carnegie  Library  12 
Carroll   36,  44 
Cars  9 
Cass  36 

Catholic  University  n 
Cemeteries  7,   133 
Chapultepec  50 
Chase  44,  46 
Chevy-Chase  13 
Churches  (see  Map) 
Christ  Church  163 
Circles  (see  Map) 
Clarke  44 
Clay  47,  52 
Clay  House  20 
Clinton  36 
Clock,  Historical  34 
Collamer  36 
Columbia  Institution  u 
Columbia  University  n 
Columbus  26,  28,  32,  50 
Constitution,  Frigate  120 
Continental  Hall  2 
Cornstalk  Columns  48 
Cornwallis  26 
Corcoran  Gallery  99 
Corcoran  House  20 
Cosmos  Club  16,  20 
Crawford  50 
Crook  140 
Cunningham  142 
Custis,  E.  P.  148,  140 
Custis,  G.  W.  P.  140 
Customs  116 

D.  A.  R.  13 

Dead-Letter  Museum   10 
Decatur  20 
Declaration  26,  120 
Decoration  Day  138 
De  Grasse  17 
De   Soto  26 
D'Estaing  17 
District  of  Columbia  II 
Dix  50 


Du  Pont  16 
Duportail  17 

Electoral  Commission  50 
Ellsworth  46 
Emancipation  44 
Embassies  9 
Evarts  120 

Falls,  Potomac  13 
Farragut  16 
Fish  Commission   u 
Fish  Portrait  120 
Ford's  Theater  12 
Fort  Myer  13 
Foster  48 
Franklin,  Benjamin 

Portraits  48,  53 

Staff  120 

Statues  16,  50 
Frederick  16 
Frelinghuysen  120 
Fulton,  36,  53 
Garibaldi  50 
Gar  field  16,  36,  50 
Georgetown  13 
Glen  Echo  13 
Golden  Gate  44 
Gov.    Printing   Office    II 
Grand  Army  10,  32 
Grant  16,  32 
Greek  Slave  105 
Greene  16,  36 
Gross  16 

Hahnemann  16 
Halls,  Ancients  130 
Hamilton  32,  48 
Hancock,  J.  50 
Hancock,  W.  S.   16 
Hanson  36 
Harrison  (Mrs.)  91 
Hayes  (Mrs.)  91 
Hayes  (Pres.)  91 
Henry,  Joseph  116 
Henry,  Patrick  47 
History  16 
Hotels  8 

Howard  University  n 
Hull  Relics  120 

Inauguration  32 
Ingalls  36 
Indian  Bureau  8 
Interior  Department  10 
Ironclads  50 

Jackson  16 

Jay  46 

Jefferson,  Desk  120 

Draft  of  Declaration  120 

Portraits  48,  120 

Statues  32,  44 


Justice  Department  123 

Kearney  36 

Kenna  36 

Key  House  13 

King  36 

Knox  48 

Kosciuszko  50 

Lafayette  16,  44 

Lafayette  Square  20,  97 

I^s  Casas  53 

La  Salle  28 

Lawton  140 

I^e  36,  141 

Legations  9 

Library  of  Congress  55 

Life  Saving  Service  116 

Lighthouse  Board  1 16 

Lincoln,  Bust  50 

Gettysburg  Address  135 

Museum  12 

Portrait  44,  50 

Proclamation  44 

Statues  32,  50 
Livingston  36 
Logan  17 
Luther  17 

McPherson  17 
Madison,  Dolly  20,  96 
Madison  House  20 
Mall  (see  Map) 
Marine  Barracks  19 
Market  12 
Marquette  36 
Marshall  17,  46 
Medals  121 
Meigs  141 

Monitor-Merrimac  50 
Monuments  16 
Moran  Paintings  50 
Morris  31 
Mt.  Pleasant  13 
Mt.  Vernon  142 
Mtihlenberg  40 
National  Museum  124 
Naval  Monument  17 
Naval  Observatory  19 
Navigation   Burea'u    116 
Navy  Annex  10 
Navy   Department    119 
Navy  Yard   1 8 

Oak  Hill  ii 
Osgood  47 

Parks  (see  Map) 

Patent  Office  10 

Payne  12 

Peace  Monument  17 

Peace  Statue  24 

Pealeso 

Penn  28 

Pension  Office  129 


INDEX. 

Perry  50 

Pierpont  40 

1'ike  17 

Pilgrims  26,  28 

Pocahontas  26 

Polk  (Mrs.)  91 

Porter  Grave   139 

Pest-Office  8,  123 

Potomac  166 

Pulaski  50 

Railroads  8 

Raleigh  28 

Randolph  47 

Rawlins  17 

Rochambeau  17 

Rock  Hill  12 

Rodgers  House  20 

Saratoga  26 

Scott  17,  133 

Seal  of  the  United  States  120 

Seward  House  20 

Seward  44 

Sheridan  139 

Sherman,  R.  40 

Sherman,  W.  T.  6 

Shields  40 

Signal  Office  10 

Smith,  John  28 

Smithsonian  124 

Soldiers'  Home  133 

Societies  10 

Stanton  44 

Stark  40 

State   Department    119 

Statues  16 

Steamboats  8 

St  John's  Church  97 

Stockton  40 

Streets  q 

Street  Cars  9 

Sumner  50,  52 

Supreme  Court  46 

Surveys  (see  Map) 

Takoma  13 
Taney  46 
Telegraph  8 
Tennallytown  13 
Theaters  9 
Thomas  17 
Time-table  7 
Tobacco  Capitals  48 
TREASURY  109 

Bureau  of  Engraving  no 

Cash  Room  109 

Counting  Experts  113 

Currency  1 16 

Division  of  Issue  113 

Macerator  115 

Redemption  Division  115 

Seal   113 

Vaults  116 

Watchmen  116 


Trumbull,  John  28 
Trumbull,  Jon.  40 
Tyler  50 
Universities   n 

Venus  of  Melos  100 

Waite   46 

War  Department  119 
War  Statue  24 
Washburne  120 
WASHINGTON,  GEORGE: 
Commission  28,  120 
Home  142 
Life  Guard  119,  145 
Portraits : 
Brumidi's  48 
Medallion  146 
C.  W.  Peale's  50 
R.  Peale's  50,  148 
Savage's  147 
Sharpless'  148 
Stuart's  44,  47,  95,  146 
Trumbull's  28 
Relics  126 
Resignation  28 
Statues : 

D'Angers'  Bust  53 
Greenough's  17,  34 
Houdon's  40 
Mills'  17 
Swords  120,  144 
Tent  126 
Tomb  154 

Washington    Barracks    19 
Washington,  Martha  95,  152 
Washington  Monument   106 
Webster,  House  20 
Portraits  47,  120 
Statues  17,  40 
Welles  44 
Westward  Ho !  44 
WHITE  HOUSE  91 
Blue  Room  92 
Cabinet  Room  96 
Corridor  91 
Dining  Room  96 
East  Room  92 
Easter  Eggs  97 
Green  Room  95 
History  91 

President's   Room  96 
Red  Room  95 
Willard  42 
Williams  42 
Wilson   133 
Winthrop,  J.  42 
Winthrop,  R.  C.  106 

Yorktown  26 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  ii 

Zoological  Park  127 


Washington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 


MEMORIAL   CONTINENTAL    HALL. 

To  be  erected  by  the  National  Society  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution. 
Edward  Pearce  Casey,  Architect. 


GOVERNMENT    PRINTING   OFFICE. 


MONUMENT   TO   GENERAL    W.    T.    SHERMAN,    PENNSYLVANIA    AVENUE   AND    THE 

TREASURY. 


STANDARD     GUIDE     TIME-TABLE. 

Schedule  of  the  hours  in  which  public  buildings  are  open  to  visitors. 

Unless  otherwise  noted,  all  are  open  daily  except  Sundays  and  public  holidays. 
*  Those  marked  with  a  star  are  open  holidays. 

A.  M.    P.  M.  LOCATION. 

9       to    4          Agricultural  Department,  Mall,  rath  and  i4th  sts.  S.  W. 

Silk  Mills  in  operation  from  10  to  12,  and  i  to  3. 
All  day.  Arlington  Cemetery,  Arlington,  Va. 

OpeH  also  Sundays  and  holidays.  (See  W.  A.  &  F.  C.  Ry.,  and  VV. 
A.  &  Mt  V.  Ry.  schedules  in  adv.  pages.  Time  and  walking  may 
be  saved  by  employing  the  wagonettes  at  the  cemetery.) 

9       to    4  Army  Medical  Museum,  7th  and  B  streets  S.  W. 

8  to    5  Botanical  Garden,  Pennsylvania  ave.  and  ist  st. 

9  to    3  Bureau  of  Engraving,  I4th  and  B  streets  S.  \V. 

But  visitors  are  not  conducted  between  11:45  an(^  12:30. 
9       to    4:30      Capitol,  Capitol  Hill. 

Open  after  4:30  if  Congress  is  in  session   and  until  one-half  hour  after 
adjournment;   also  during  a  night   session.     The   flag  flies   over  each 
house  while  it  is  in  session,  and  if  at  night  the  dome  is  lighted. 
9:30  to    4  Corcoran  Gallery,  N.  Y.  ave.  and  I7th  street. 

Open  Tuesdays,  Wednesdays,  1  hursdays,  Fridays,  Saturdays,  9:30  to  4, 
f'Om  Oct.  i  to  May  i,  and  9  to  4  from  May  i  to  July  i.  Sunday?, 
Nov.  i  to  July  i,  1:30  to  4:30  Mondays,  12  to  4.  Public  holidays, 
10  to  2.  Admission  25  cents  Mond  <ys,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays. 
Other  days  free.  Closed  every  year  July  i  to  Oct.  i. 

9       to    4  Dead-Letter  Museum,  Penn.  ave.  and  nth  street. 

9       to    4  Fish  Commissicn,  6th  and  B  streets  S.  W. 

10  and    2  Government  Printing  Office,      North  Capitol  and  H  streets. 

Visitors  are  conducted  at  these  hours. 

9       to    6  Halls  of  the  Ancients,  N.  Y.  ave.  bet.  13  and  14  sts- 

9       to  10  Library  of  Congress,*  Capitol  Hill. 

_  Reading  room  hours,  9  lo  10.  On  Saturday  in  summT  bu  Iding  open  9  to 

4;  reading  room  9  to  I  Li  rary ;  and  reading  room  open  Sundays  and 
holidays,  2  to  10.  This  schedule  is  subject  to  change  in  summer  months 

All  day.  Lincoln  Museum,  No.  516  loth  street. 

All  day.  Marine  Barracks,  8th  and  G  streets  S.  E. 

11  to    4  Mount  Vernon.*  See  page  142. 

Steamboat  leaves  7th  and  M  sts.  summer,  10  A.  M.,  2:30  P.  M.  Nov. 
i  to  May  30,  10  A.  M.,  1:45  P-  M.  Mt.  Vernon  trains  leave  13^4 
street  hourly  from  10  A.  M.  to  2  P.  M.,  Nov.  i  to  April  30.  From 
May  i  to  Oct.  31,  10  A.  M.  103  P.  M.  Return  hourly.  See  adv  pages. 

9       to    4:30  National  Museum,*  Smithsonian  grounds. 

9       to     2  Naval  Museum  of  Hygiene,  23d  and  E  streets. 

9       to    2  Navy  Department,  Penn.  ave.  and  I7th  street. 

9       to  sunset.  Navy  Yard,  Foot  8th  street  S.  E. 

9       to    2  Patent  Office,  7th  and  F  streets. 

9       to    4  Pension  Bureau,  F  and  4th  streets. 

9       to    2  Post-Office  Department,  Penn.  ave.  and  nth  street. 

9       to    4:30  Smithsonian  Institution,*  Smithsonian  grounds. 

9       to  sunset.  Soldiers'  Home,*  Near  7th  street  extended. 

9       to    2  State  Department,  Penn.  ave.  and  I7th  street. 

9       to    2  Treasury,  Penn.  ave.  and  isth  street. 

Treasury  tours  between  10:30  and  12,  and  between  i  and  2 

9       to    2  War  Department,  Penn.  ave.  and  I7th  street 

8:30  to    4:30  Washington  Monument,  Washington  Park,  near  i4th  st. 
First  elevator  at  9;  last  elevator  at  4. 

10       to    2  White  House,  East  Room,         Penn.  ave.  and  i6th  street. 

Persons  having  business  with  the  President  will  be  received  from  12  to  i 
o'clock  every  day,  except  Tuesdays  and  Fridays.  No  public 
receptions  are  now  given.  The  East  Room  is  open  to  visitors  daily 
from  10  to  a. 

All  day.  Zoological  Park,*  Rock  Creek.    Open  Sunday. 


READY  REFERENCE  GUIDE. 

For   Ready    Reference   Map   of   Washington    see   page    14.      It 
gives  all  chief  points  of  interest.      See  also  large  folded  map. 

RAILWAY  STATIONS. 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Station-New  Jersey  avenue,  corner  C  street,  N.  W.,  one  square  from  the  Capit<  1. 
Pennsylvania  avenue  cable  cars  near  the  station  connect  with  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Station. 
Haltimtte  &  Ohio  Railroad,  Norfolk  fir*  Western  Railway. 

Baltimore  &  Potomac  Station—  fth  street,  corner  B,  N.  W.,  near  Pennsylvania  avenue.      Pennsyl- 
vania avenue  cars  connect  with  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Station. 

Atlantic  Coast  Lint.  Baltimore  fir*  Potomac  Railroad. 

Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway.  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 

Richmond,  Frediricksburg  b*  Potomac  Railroad.        Southern  Railway  to  Florida  and  the  South. 
Washington,  Alexandria  &  nt.  Vernon  Station—  Pennsylvania  avenue  and  13^  street. 
Washington,  Arlington  &  Falls  Church  Station  —  Aqueduct  Bridge  via  Georgetown. 
TELEGRAPH  OFFICES.—  Western  Union—  No.  541  15th  street,  corner  F,  opposite  Treasury.    Postal— 
1487  F  street.    In  railroad  stations.    Telegraph  Office  in  the  Capitol—  Corridor  between  Statuary 
Hall  and  the  Hall  of  Representatives. 

STEAMBOATS  leave  from  the  wharf  at  the  foot  of  7th  street;  reached  by  7th  street  line  of  cars,  transfer 
from  Pennsylvania  avenue. 

Norfolk  **  Washington  Steamboat  Co.—  Steamer  daily  for  Alexandria,  Fortress  Monroe,  Norfolk, 
Portsmouth,  connecting  at  Old  Point  with  Old  Dominion  Steamship  Co.  boats  for  New  York. 
Mount  Vernon—  Steamboat  daily.     See  page  150. 

POST-OFFICE.—  The  City  Post-Office  is  on  Pennsylvania  avenue  at  llth  street.  Money  order  division 
open  from  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.  Registry  division  open  from  8:30  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M.  General  delivery 
window  never  closed. 

BUREAUS.—  American  Republics—  tio.  2  Lafayette  square.  Education—  G  and  8th  streets.  Ethnology— 
1335  F  street.  Indian  Affairs—  330  F  street.  Labor  —  New  York  avenue  and  loth  street.  Weather 
—84th  and  M  streets,  via  Pennsylvania  avenue  cars. 

WASHINGTON  HOTELS,  WITH  RATES: 

t2T"  For   fuller   particulars   of  the  Ardmore,  Buckingham,   Driscoll,  Elsmere,  Fredonia,  La 
Fetra's  St.  James,  and  Shoreham,  see  advertising  pages. 

*  AMERICAN  PLAN.           f  EUROPEAN  PLAN. 

t  Albany,  17th  and  H.  *  Hamilton,  14th  and  K,  $2.50  up 

t  American,  Pa.  Av.  and  7th  *  Howard,  Pa.  Av.  &  6th,  $2  and  $2.50. 

•t  Ardmore,  516  13th,  $1.50  to  $2.50  (t$I)  *  Johnson,  13th  and  E,  $2.50 

•  Arlington,  Vermont  Av.  and  H,  $5  **  *-•  Fetra's,  Q  and  1  1th,  $1  .50  and  $2 

•  Bancroft,  18th  and  H,  $2.50  and  $3.50  *t  La  Normandie,  15th  and  I,  $4 
•t  Barton's,  15th  near  Treasury  *t  Lawrence,  Pa.  Av.  near  13th 

Belvidere,  Pennsylvania  Ave.  and  3d  *t  Lincoln,  H  and  10th 

•  Buckingham,  15th,  bet.  I  and  K,  $2.50  Litchfield,  906  14th 

•  Tairr.  O  tvt   lfi»h  =.n^  I-.K  *•>  *n  Livingston,  1009  13th 

•  Lairo,  y,  bet.  iwn  and  nth,  $3.50  up  MaH*^    Pa    AW  anH  <w 

*  Met^ftan^Pa^Av.,  $2.50  («n 
J£  al\d  '  *t  National,  Pa.  Av.  and  6th  $2.50  up  (t$l) 


leigh,  Pa.  Av.  and  12th,  $2  50 

t  Driscoll,  1st  &  B,  N.  W.,  $2.50  up  C$1.50  up)  *t  Regent,  Fa.  Av.  and  15th,  $3  (t$1) 

Dunharton,  Pa.  Av..  bet.  6th  and  7th  *  Richmond,  17th  and  H,  $4 

•  Ebbitt,  K  and  14th,  $4  *  Rigffs,  15th  and  G,  $3  to  $5 

t  Elsrnere.  1408  H,  $2  to  $3  }  g"  gJSJ  Sh  an'd  H^T'  *  UP 

•  lve7e\tNHWaJndT8ihAV-  ""*  C  *f  SJ.orehan,,  15th  and'  H,  $5  up  (t$2  uP; 
t  Fairfax,  14th  and  F,  $1  up  Stratford,  Sheridan  Av.  and  14th 

•t  Fredonia   1321  H   *2  un  ^  Varnuni,  N.  J.  Av.  and  6th,  S.  E.,  $2 

,     '  •*2  P  *f  Vendome,  Pa.  Av.  and  3d,  $2.50  (t$l) 

Fntz  Reuter,  Pa  Av.  and  4th  *  New  Willard's,  Pa.  Av.  and  14th 
2  Gordon,  16th  and  I  Windsor,  New  York  Av.  and  15th 

•  Grafton,  Conn.  Av.  and  DeSales,  $3  up 


Ready  Reference.  9 

From  the  Capitol  as  a  central  point  radiate  North  Capitol  street,  East  street 
Capitol  street,  South  Capitol  street,  and  a  line  drawn  west  through  the  Plan 
center  of  the  Mall.    The  city  is  thus  divided  into  four  sections — Northeast, 
Southeast,  Northwest  and  Southwest.     The  streets  and  avenues  are  desig- 
nated N.E.,  S.E.,  N.W.,  and  S.W.,  as  they  lie  in  the  respective  divisions. 
As  most  of  the  points  of  interest  to  visitors  are  included  in  the  western 
divisions,  all  streets  referred   to   in   these  pages  are  Northzvest  or  South- 
west, unless  otherwise  designated. 

The  NUMBERED  STREETS  run  north  and  south,  beginning  with  ist  street 
at  the  foot  of  Capitol  Hill.  The  lettered  streets  run  east  and  west,  begin- 
ning with  B  street  at  the  Mall. 

The  AVENUES  run  northeast  to  southwest,  and  northwest  to  southeast. 
They  are  named  after  States. 

HOUSE  NUMBERS  run  (odd  numbers  on  the  right)  in  progression  of  100 
numbers  to  a  block.  Thus  510  Pennsylvania  avenue  is  on  the  left-hand 
side,  between  5th  and  6th  streets;  and  510  I4th  street  is  between  E  (the 
fifth  letter)  and  F  streets. 

PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE  is  the  central  avenue  for  the  purposes  of  the 
visitor ;  it  connects  the  railroad  depots,  Capitol,  Treasury,  White  House 
and  State  Department.  Other  public  buildings  are  but  a  square  or  two. 

CAR  FARE  5c.,  six  tickets  for  25c.    An  extensive  system  of  transfers  is  in  Street 
operation.     The  Pennsylvania  avenue  lines,  the  F  street  and  the  G  street  Cars 
lines  are  those  most  used  by  the  visitor  to  reach  the  3everal  points  of 
interest.     The  several  routes  are  indicated  by  red  lines  on  the  large  folded 
map. 

CAB  FARES  are  fixed  by  law  as  follows :     One  horse  vehicles,  each  pas-  Cab 
senger,  fifteen   squares  or  less,  25  cents ;   each   additional   five  squares   or  Pares 
parts  of  squares,   10  cents.     Two  horse  vehicles,  one  or  two  passengers, 
fifteen  squares  or  less,  50  cents ;  each  additional  five  squares  or  parts  of 
squares,    10  cents ;   each  additional   passenger,   fifteen  squares  or  less,  25 
cents ;  each  additional  five  squares  or  parts  of  squares,  10  cents. 

THEATERS. — The  Theaters  are  :  Academy  of  Music — gth  street,  corner  Theaters 
D.  Chase's  New  Grand  Opera  House — Pennsylvania  avenue,  near  isth 
street.  Butler's  New  Bijou — 9th  street,  corner  Louisiana  avenue.  Colum- 
bia— I2th  and  F  streets.  Kernan's  Lyceum — 1014  Pennsylvania  avenue. 
Lafayette  Square  Opera  House — East  side  Lafayette  Square.  New 
National — 1325  E  street. 

EMBASSIES  AND  LEGATIONS. — Argentine  Republic — 1425  New  York  ave-  Legations 
nue.  Austria-Hungary — 1304  i8th  street.  Belgium — 1109  i6th  street. 
Bolivia — The  Gordon.  Brazil — 2014  Columbia  road.  Chile — 1747  Q  street. 
China — 1764  Q  street.  Costa  Rica — 1529  i8th  street.  Cuba — 1006  i6th 
street.  Denmark — 1521  2Oth  street.  France — 1640  Rhode  Island  avenue. 
Germany — 1435  Massachusetts  avenue.  Great  Britain — 1300  Connecticut 
avenue.  Guatemala — 1753  P  street.  Haiti — 1922  I  street.  Italy — 1400 
New  Hampshire  avenue.  Japan — 1310  N  street.  Korea — 1500  I3th 
street.  Mexico — 1413  I  street.  Netherlands— 1612  2Oth  street.  Nica- 
ragua— 1704  Q  street.  Peru — 1750  Massachusetts  avenue.  Portugal — 1909 


io  U'lishiii^toti,  the  X  at  ion's  Capital. 


N  street.     Russia  —  1500  Rhode  Island  avenue.     Salvador  —  1524  P  street. 
Siam  —  The  Arlington.     Spain  —  1785   Massachusetts  avenue.     Sweden  and 
Norway  —  2109  S  street.     Switzerland  —  2013   Hillyer  place.     Turkey—  2101 
S  street.     Uruguay—  The  Albany.     Venezuela—  1300  I7th  street. 
Churches      CHURCHES  will  be  found  listed  on  the  large  folded  map  in  the  back.  ' 
Societies       SOCIETIES.—  Grand   Army   of  the   Republic  —  1412    Pennsylvania   avenue. 
Masonic  Temple—  g\.\\  and  F  streets.     Odd  Fellows'  Hall—  7th  street,  be- 
tween D  and  E.     Scientific  Societies  have  their  headquarters  at   1518  H 
street,  the  home  of  the  Cosmos  Club. 

De*d      THE  DEAD-LETTER  OFFICE  MUSEUM  is  in  the  building  of  the  Post-Office 

Office  Department,    Pennsylvania  avenue  and    nth  street.     Open   from  9  to  4. 

No  pass  is  required.    The  Museum  is  on  the  ground  floor.     (The  exhibits 

are  sometimes  removed  from  Washington  for  long  periods,  during  which 

the  Museum  is  closed.) 

Patent  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR  is  at  F  to  G  and  6th  to  Qth  streets. 
IC*  The  building  is  of  freestone,  granite  and  marble,  and  is  adorned  on  the  F 
street  front  with  a  fine  portico  of  Doric  columns  copied  in  pattern  and 
dimensions  after  those  of  the  Parthenon.  The  three  other  fronts  also  have 
porticoes,  classic  in  design.  Of  the  several  fields  into  which  the  work  of 
the  department  i>  divided,  that  relating  to  patents  is  most  widely  known, 
and  the  great  building  is  popularly  called  the  Patent  Office.  The  Museum 
of  Models  fills  the  four  halls  on  the  second  story,  and  contains  an  immense 
array  of  models.  The  number  of  patented  articles  approaches  400,000.  In 
addition  to  those  shown  here,  some  80,000  are  displayed  in  the  Union 
Building  near  by,  on  G  street.  The  range  of  patented  articles  includes  an 
almost  complete  list  of  the  necessities  and  conveniences  and  luxuries  of 
modern  life.  Here  one  may  study  tlv  inventions  in  all  the  stages  of  their 
development,  from  the  first  crude  forms  to  the  perfect  methods  and  ap- 
pliances of  to-day,  and  in  every  branch  of  mechanical,  industrial,  social 
and  domestic  life.  The  Patent  Office  is  a  vast  exhibit,  multitudinous  and 
multifarious,  of  the  products  of  American  inventive  genius  and  skill. 
Many  of  the  models,  regarded  as  relics,  are  now  deposited  in  the  National 
Museum. 

T.HE  NAVY  AMNEX  is  in  the  Mills  building,  at  I7th  street  and  Pennsyl- 
vania avenue,  one  of  the  modern  office  buildings  of  steel  cage  construction 
which  by  their  height  dwarf  the  adjacent  public  buildings.  The  eagle  on 
the  flagstaff  is  an  effigy  in  copper  and  aluminum  of  "Old  Abe,"  a  bald- 
headed  eagle  which  was  the  mascot  of  the  Eighth  Wisconsin  Volunteers 
in  the  Civil  War.  The  bird  on  the  flagstaff  measures  8-ft.  from  tip  to  tip 
of  wings;  it  is  142-ft.  above  the  street,  and  always  faces  the  wind. 

S,IGNAL  OFFICE.—  The  Signal  Office  is  on  M  street  at  24th. 

]  HE  ARMY  MEDICAL  MUSEUM  is  in  the  Mall,  at  the  corner  of  7th  and  B 
nu5eum  streets;  it  is  reached  by  Pennsylvania  avenue  cars,  with  transfer  to  7th 
street  line  (one  fare),  and  is  open  from  9  to  4. 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE  BUILDINGS  are  in  the  Mall,  a  short 
distance  west  of  the  Smithsonian.  They  are  open  to  visitors  from  9  to  4; 


Ready  Reference,  n 

and  in  the  museum  will  be  found  an  interesting  display  of  various  agricul-  Agricultural 
tural  products,  illustrating  their  growth  and  industrial  and  commercial  Department 
treatment. 

THE  NATIONAL  BOTANICAL  GARDEN,  at  the  foot  of  Capitol  Hill,  is  open  Botanical 
to  the  public  from  8  to  5.     Its  conservatories  contain  large  collections  of  Garden 
rare  plants  from  all  parts  of  the  world.    The  traveler's  tree  from  Madagas- 
car, the  Hottentot  poison  ordeal  tree  from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  the 
Jesuit's  Bark   (cinchona)    from  South  America,  and  specimens   from  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  Japan,  Queensland,  Norfolk  Island,  Sumatra  and  scores 
of  other  distant  lands  afford  abundant  interest.     North  of  the  conservatory 
is  the  Bartholdi  Fountain,  which  was  exhibited  at  the  Philadelphia  Cen- 
tennial.    It  is  the  work  of  the  French  sculptor  Auguste  Bartholdi,  famed 
for  his  statue  of  Liberty  in  New  York  harbor. 

THE  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  is  at  North  Capitol  and  H  streets.  Printing? 
Here  all  the  Government  publications  are  printed,  including  the  bills  of 
Congress,  the  daily  Congressional  Record  of  the  proceedings  of  Congress, 
Department  Reports  and  others.  It  is  reputed  to  be  the  largest  printing 
office  in  the  world.  Visitors  are  escorted  through  the  several  departments 
at  10  A.  M.  and  2  P.  M.,  and  at  other  times  when  a  large  number  warrants 
it.  The  tour  takes  from  one  to  two  hours. 

FISH  COMMISSION. — The  building  of  the  United  States  Fish  Commission  F'sh 
is  in  the  Mall  at  6th  and  B  streets,  S.W. 

THE  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  comprises  an  area  of  69,245  square  miles  and  District 
had  by  the  census  of  1900  a  population  of  278,718.     The  government  con-      °* 
sists  of  two  civilian  Commissioners,  appointed  by  the  President  and  con- 
firmed by  the  Senate,  and  one  Army  engineer  officer,  detailed  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  the  three  constituting  a  Board  of  Commissioners  for  three 
years.     The  office  is  in  the  District  Building,  La.  avenue  between  4l/2  and 
6.     A  new  municipal  hall  is  building  at  I4th  and  E  streets,  near  Pennsyl- 
vania avenue.     Residents  have  no  vote. 

OLD   CAPITOL. — After  the  burning  of  the   Capitol   in    1814,   citizens   of  Old 
Washington  built  on  North  A  street  a  temporary  Capitol,  which  was  occu-  Capitol 
pied  by  Congress  until  1819,  after  which  it  was  known  as  the  Old  Capitol. 
The  building  has  been  converted  into  dwelling  houses. 

UNIVERSITIES  AND  COLLEGES. — American  University — Loughbury  Road.  Colleges 
The  Catholic  University  of  America — at  the  corner  of  Lincoln  avenue  and 
4th  street  extended,  near  the  Soldiers'  Home;  Eckington  cars.  Columbia 
University — I5th  street  and  H.  Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and 
Dumb  and  National  Deaf  Mute  College — in  Kendall  Green,  M  street  and 
Florida  avenue.  Howard  University — 7th  street  and  Boundary.  Washing- 
ton Seminary — 523  New  Hampshire  avenue. 

THE  YOI-NC.  MEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION  is  on  G  street  between  I7th  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
and  i8th  streets. 

CEMETERIES. — The    Congressional    Cemetery,   on    the    Eastern    Branch  Cemeteries 
north  of  the  Navy  Yard,  contains  graves  of  members  of  Congress,  officers 
of    the    Army    and    other    public    men.      In    Oak    Hill,    on    Georgetown 


12 


Washington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 


Cemeteries  Heights,  is  the  grave  of  John  Howard  Payne,  author  of  "Home,  Sweet 
Home."  Payne  died  while  United  States  Consul  at  Tunis,  and  was  buried 
on  a  hill  overlooking  the  ruins  of  Carthage.  In  1882  Wm.  W.  Corcoran 
had  the  remains  brought  home  to  America.  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  Salmon  P. 
Chase  and  other  notable  men  are  buried  here.  Rock  Creek  Cemetery, 
northeast  of  the  Soldiers'  Home,  is  noted  for  the  two  bronze  statues, 
"Memory,"  by  Partridge,  and  "Peace  of  God,"  by  St.  Gaudens.  (See  also 
Arlington  and  Soldiers'  Home  chapters.) 

THE  CARNEGIE  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  is  in  the  Vernon  Square,  at  the  intersec- 
tion of  Massachusetts  and  New  York  avenues  and  8th  street.  The  building 
was  given  by  Andrew  Carnegie. 

MARKET. — The  Center  Market,  Pennsylvania  avenue  and  7th  street,  may 
be  counted  as  among  the  Washington  haunts  of  great  men.  Chief  Justice 
Marshall,  Daniel  Webster  and  President  William  Henry  Harrison  were 
accustomed  to  do  their  marketing  here  in  person. 

FORD'S  THEATER,  in  which  occurred  the  assassination  of  President 
Lincoln,  April  14,  1865,  is  on  loth  street,  between  E  and  F.  The  building 
is  now  used  for  public  business  and  contains  nothing  of  interest.  Across 
the  street,  the  house  in  which  Lincoln  died  contains  a  collection  of  Lincoln 
relics. 


Carnegie 


fUrk«t 


Ford'f 
Theater 


OLDROYD  LINCOLN  MUSEUM. — The  house  in 
516  loth  street,  between  E  and  F)  con- 
tains the  Oldroyd  Lincoln  memorial  col- 
lection, begun  by  O.  H.  Oldroyd  in  i85o, 
and  now  comprising  thousands  of  objects 
connected  with  or  relating  to  the  mar- 
tyred President.  Among  them  are  the 
following:  Family  Bible  in  which  Lin- 
coln wrote  his  name  in  boyhood;  log 
from  the  old  Lincoln  home;  stand  made 
from  logs  of  house  in  which  Lincoln 
lived,  1832-36;  rail  split  by  Lincoln  and 
John  Hanks  in  1830  (with  affidavit  by 
Hanks);  discharge  given  to  one  of  his 
men  by  Captain  A.  Lincoln,  Black  Hawk 
War,  1832;  picture  of  Springfield  House; 
flag  carried  in  Lincoln  and  Hamlin  cam- 
paign; office  chair  in  which  Lincoln  sat 
when  he  drafted  his  first  Cabinet;  fare- 
well address  to  neighbors;  articles  of  fur- 
niture from  the  Springfield  home;  auto- 
graph letters;  life-mask  and  cast  of  hands 
by  L.  W.  Volk;  hat  worn  on  night  of 
April  14,  1865;  chair  occupied  in  theater; 
bill  of  the  play  (Our  American  Cousin); 
250  funeral  sermons;  63  marches  and 


which   Lincoln   died    (No. 


Ready  Reference.  13 

dirges;  263  portraits,  including  the  earliest  known;  209  medals;  1,000 
volumes  of  biographies  of  Lincoln  and  works  relating  to  slavery  and  the 
war. 

GEORGETOWN. — Georgetown,  or  West  Washington,  three  miles  west  from  Georgetown 
the  Capitol,  is  reached  by  the  Pennsylvania  avenue  or  F  street  cars ;  it  is 
on  the  route  to  Arlington.  The  city  antedates  the  founding  of  Washing- 
ton. The  heights  command  noble  views.  The  city  is  the  seat  of  George- 
town College,  the  oldest  and  largest  Jesuit  college  in  this  country.  The 
first  building  was  erected  in  1789. 

KEY  HOUSE. — The  house  once  occupied  by  Francis  Scott  Key,  author  of  K«y 
the   "Star   Spangled   Banner,"   is  on   M    street,   in  Georgetown,   ne?r  the     ous* 
Aqueduct  Bridge. 

ANACOSTIA  is  on  the  Eastern  Branch  of  the  Potomac  opposite.  BEN-  Suburbs 
NING  is  on  the  Eastern  Branch  opposite  Washington.  BLADENSBURG  is 
5-miles  northeast.  BRIGHTVVOOD  is  3-miles  north.  CHEVY  CHASE — Con- 
necticut avenue  extended  and  District  line;  reached  by  Rock  Creek  car 
line.  FALLS  OF  THE  POTOMAC — The  Little  Falls  are  4-miles  above  the  city; 
the  Great  Falls  14-miles.  FORT  MYER  is  in  Virginia,  3-miles ;  reached  by 
Wash.,  Arlington  &  Falls  Church  Ry.  GLEN  ECHO — Conduit  Road,  6-miles 
northwest.  MOUNT  PLEASANT — Head  of  I4th  street,  5/2-mile  above  Florida 
avenue.  TAKOMA — 5-miles  north.  TENNALLYTOWN — 3-miles  north  of 
Georgetown. 

FORT  MYER  is  near  Arlington  on  the  heights  of  Virginia,  opposite  Wash-  Fort  flyer 
ington.     The  route  is  by  the  W.,  A.  &  F.  C.  Railway  from  the  Aqueduct 
Bridge.     It  is  the  most  important  United  States  Army  post  near  Wash- 
ington.    At  the  United  States  Signal  Station,  below  the  railroad  at  Fort 
Myer,  is  the  new  building  erected  for  the  signal  balloon  corps. 

CABIN-JOHN  BRIDGE,  /-miles  from  Georgetown,  forms  part  of  the  aque-  Cabin-John 
duct  system.    The  bridge  is  420-ft.  in  length,  and  the  arch,  with  a  span  of 
22o-ft.,  is  reputed  to  be  the  largest  stone  arch  in  existence. 

ARLINGTON  MEMORIAL  BRIDGE. — A  project  which  is  now  before  Congress 
is  the  construction  of  a  Memorial  Bridge  to  connect  Washington  with 
Arlington  Cemetery. 

THE  CONTINENTAL  MEMORIAL  HALL  will  be  erected  by  the  National  So-  D  A   R. 
ciety  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  on  Seventeenth  street.  Continental 
It  will  have  on  the  north  the  Corcoran  Gallery  of  Art;  and  on  the  south  ™*™orlal 
will  be  the  new  architectural  group  of  the   Columbian  University.    The 
Memorial  Hall   is  intended  to"  meet  the  business  and  commemorative  re- 
quirements of  the  D.  A.  R.,  and  it  will  have  a  large  auditorium.      The 
design  is  by  Edward  Pearce  Casey,  who  is  well  known  in  connection  with 
his  work  in  the  Library  of  Congress  building.     The  cost  of  the  Memorial 
Hall  will  approximate  $350.000.     The  cornerstone  was  laid  with  elaborate 
ceremonies  in  1904,  on  ''Lexington  Day,"  the  celebration  of  the  Battle  of 
Lexington,  April   18.     An  illustration  of  the  Hall  is  given  in  an  earlier 
page.     The  National  Society  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution 
was  organized  Oct.  IT,  1800,  with  Mrs.  Benjamin  Harrison  as  President 
General.     There  are  new  650  chapters,  with  a  membership  of  40,000. 


I-} 


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I   | I  |   Y.M.C. 




a^^Svl    [rontli{rnl>lllaU 
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SEE  ALSO  THE 
LARGE  FOLDED 

STANDARD 
GUIDE  MAP 

OF 

WASHINGTON 


STANDARD    GUIDE    READY 


H 


ENCE    MAP    OF    WASHINGTON. 


j5  ll'ashington,  the  X  at  ion's  Capita!. 

A  POTOMAC  MEMORIAL  BRIDGE  has  been  projected  to  connect  Wash- 
ington and  Arlington,  as  shown  on  the  folding  map.  In  Congress  its  ad- 
vocates have  asked  for  an  appropriation  of  $5,000,000. 

History  HISTORICAL. — After  protracted  discussion  of  the  claims  of  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and  other  cities  to  be  named  as  the  Capital, 
Congress  in  1790  empowered  President  Washington  to  select  a  location  for 
a  Federal  City  on  the  Potomac  River.  The  story  goes  that  the  site  chosen 
by  him,  and  which  became  the  seat  of  the  city  named  in  his  honor,  was 
one  to  which  he  had  been  attracted  in  his  younger  days  when  he  was  a 
surveyor. 

The  task  of  laying  out  the  new  town  was  intrusted  to  Major  L'Enfant, 
one  of  the  French  officers  who  had  served  in  the  American  army.  He  drew 
the  plans  on  a  scale  which  was  intended  to  be  commensurate  with  the 
importance  of  the  city  as  the  Capital  of  the  United  States.  The  details 
were  modified  in  some  measure  by  the  successors  of  L'Enfant.  but  to  him 
we  owe  in  its  general  plan  the  beautiful  Washington  of  to-day.  The  area 
which  is  devoted  to  streets,  avenues  and  parks  exceeds  in  proportion  that 
of  any  other  city  in  the  world. 

During  the  Civil  War  Washington  was  converted  into  a  vast  encamp- 
ment of  troops  passing  to  and  from  the  field ;  and  into  a  hospital  for 
thousands  of  sick  and  wounded.  The  city  was  defended  by  a  circuit  of 
sixty-eight  forts. 

STATUES    AND    MONUMENTS. 

DUPONT — Dupont  Circle. — Rear- Admiral  Samuel  Francis  Dupont.     By  Launt  Thompson. 

FARRAGUT— Farragut  Square. — Admiral  David  Glascoe  Farragut.  By  Vinnie  Ream 
Hoxie.  Bronze  cast  from  guns  of  the  flagship  Hartford. 

FRANKLIN— Pennsylvania  avenue,  10th  and  D  streets. — Benjamin  Franklin— Printer, 
Patriot,  Philosopher,  Philanthropist.  By  Plassman.  Presented  by  Stillson 
Hutchins.  • 

FREDERICK  THE  GREAT.— A  statue  presented  by  Emperor  William  will  be  placed  in 
the  grounds  of  the  War  College. 

GARFIELD.— Maryland  avenue  entrance  to  Capitol  grounds.     See  page  41. 

GRANT. — A  statue  of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  by  H.  M.  Shrady,  for  which  Congress  has 
appropriated  $250,000,  will  be  placed  in  the  Mall  south  of  the  White  House. 

GREENE — Stanton  Square. — Gen.  Xathaniel  Greene.  By  H.  K.  Brown.  The  uniform 
is  that  of  the  Continental  Army. 

GROSS — Smithsonian  grounds,  near  Medical  Museum— Dr.  Samuel  D.  Gross,  dis- 
tinguished American  physician  and  surgeon. 

HAHNEIIANN — Scott  Circle. — Christian  Samuel  Friedrich  Hahnemann,  German  phy- 
sician, founder  of  homeopathy. 

HANCOCK— Pennsylvania  avenue  and  7th  street.— Maj. -Gen.  Winfield  Scott  Hancock. 
By  Henry  J.  Ellicott. 

HENRY— Smithsonian  grounds.— Joseph  Henry,  first  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution.  By  W.  W.  Story. 

JACKSON — I-afayette  Square. — Gen.  Andrew  Jackson,  here  presented  as  the  hero  of 
the  Battle  of  New  Orleans.  The  bronze  was-  cast  from  cannon  taken  in  Jackson's 
campaigns,  and  the  cannon  were  contemporary.  A  replica  is  in  Jackson  Square, 
New  Orleans.  By  Clark  Mills. 

LAFAYETTE— Lafayette  Square  and  Pennsylvania  avenue. — By  the  French  sculptors 
Falquiere  and  Mercier.  Provided  by  Congress  to  commemorate  the  distinguished 
services  of  Lafayette  and  other  French  officers  in  the  cause  of  the  Colonies. 


Ready  Reference.  17 

Lafayette  is  represented  in  the  uniform  of  the  Continental  Army.  America  extends 
to  him  a  sword.  The  other  figures  of  the  group  are  Rochambeau,  Duportail, 
D'Estaing  and  De  Grasse. 

The  Marquis  de  Lafayette  offered  his  services  to  the  Americans  in  1777,  was  com- 
missioned Major-General,  and  served  throughout  the  war.  He  took  part  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Brandywine,  Monmouth  3nd  Vorktown;  ia  1824  he  revisited  America,  and  was 
given  a  continuous  ovation  by  the  twenty-four  States.  Count  Kochambeau  was  in 
command  of  the  French  army  of  6,000  men  sent  to  aid  the  Americans  in  1780,  and 
contributed  to  the  victory  of  Yorktown.  Duportail  was  a  French  officer  who  served 
iinder  .Lafayette  in  America.  Count  d'Estaing  commanded  the  French  fleet  sent  to 
the  assistance  of  America  in  1778;  and  Count  de  Grasse,  of  the  French  fleet,  took 
part  in  the  victory  of  Yorktown.  The  portraits  of  Lafayette,  Rochambeau  and  De 
Grasse  are  in  Trumbull's  Yorktown. 

LINCOLN— Fourth  and  D  streets.— Abraham  Lincoln.     By  Scott  Flannery. 
LINCOLN — Lincoln     Park. — Emancipation     Monument,     representing     Lincoln     as     tke 

emancipator.     By  Thomas  Ball. 
LINCOLN.— A  Lincoln  memorial  will  be  placed  on  the  bank  of  the  Potomac  west  of  the 

Washington  Monument. 

LOGAN— Iowa  Circle. — Gen.  John  A.   Logan.     By  Franklin  Simmons. 
LVTHER — Thomas  Circle. — Martin  Luther.     V  '_[  lica  of  statue  at  Worms,  Germany. 
Mcl'HERSON — McPhersoiL    Square. — Gen.     James     B.     McPherson.       By     James     T. 

Robisso.     Erected  by  the  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee. 

MARSHALL — Capitol  west  terrace. — John  Marshall,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States 
from  1801  to  1835.  By  \V.  \Y.  Story.  The  figures  in  the  panels,  of  Italian  marble, 
are:  Minerva  Dictating  the  Constitution  to  Young  America,  and  Victory  Lead- 
ing Young  America  to  Swear  Fidelity  at  the  Altar  of  the  Union.  See  page  55. 
NAVAL  MONUMENT,  or  Monument  of  Peace,  Pennsylvania  avenue  at  the  foot  of 
Capitol  Hill. — By  Franklin  Simmons;  erected  from  funds  contributed  by  members 
of  the  Navy.  "In  memory  of  the  Officers,  Seamen  and  Marines  of  the  United 
States  Navy  who  fell  in  defense  of  the  Union  and  Liberty  of  their  Country,  1861- 
1865."  The  figures  are  of  America  weeping;  History  with  record  tablet:  "They 
died  that  their  country  might  live;"  Victory  with  laurel  wreath,  and  Peace  with 
olive  branch.  See  page  54. 

PIKE— Indiana  avenue  and  3d  street. — Albert  Pike. 
RAWLI.NS— Pennsylvania    avenue,     Louisiana    avenue    and    9th     street.— Gen    John    A. 

Rawlins.     By  J.   Bailey. 
ROCHAMBEAU— Lafayette    Square. — Jean    Baptiste    Donatien    de    Vimeure,    Comte    de 

Rochambeau.     By     F.  Ilamar.     Presented  by   France  in  1902.     See   Lafayette. 
SCOTT— Scott  Square.— Gen.  Winfield  Scott.     By  H.  K.  Brown. 
SCOTT— Soldiers'  Home  grounds.— By   I. aunt  Thompson. 
SHERMAN— Equestrian    statue    south    of    Treasury.     Gen.     William     T      Sherman.     15y 

Carl   Rohl-Smith. 
THOMAS— Thomas  Circle.— Gen.  George  H.  Thomas.     By  J.  Q.  A.  Ward.     Erected  by 

the   Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland. 

"WASHINGTON— Washington  Circle.— George  Washington.  By  Clark  Mills.  Washing- 
ton is  represented  as  he  appeared  at  the  Battle  of  Princeton,  Jan.  3,  1777,  when 
he  checked  the  retreat  of  Mercer's  wavering  militia  and  turned  defeat  into 
victory.  The  portrait  is  from  the  Houdon  bust  made  from  life.  The  horse  was 
modeled  from  one  captured  from  a  wild  herd  on  the  prairie  near  Fort  Leaven- 
worth.  Kan. 

WASHINGTON— Esplanade  east  of  Capitol.— By  Horatio  Greenough.  The  inscriptions 
are  chosen  from  Henry  Lee's  oration  on  the  death  of  Washington,  pronounced 
before  both  Houses  of  Congress.  Dec.  16,  1799:  "First  in  War— First  in  Peace- 
First  in  the  Hearts  of  His  Countrymen."  The  sculptor's  signature  runs: 
'•Simulacrum  istud  ad  magnum  Libcrtatis  nee  sine  ipxa  ditratum  HORATIUS  GREENOUGH 
fac icbat"— "Horatio  Greenough  made  this  statue  for  a  great  examplar  of  Freedom; 
not  without  Freedom  can  it  endure."  See  page  55. 
\\tnsTF.R-  S'.-dtt  Circle.— Daniel  Webster. 


THE  NAVY  YARD. 


I 


On  the  Eastern  Branch  of  the  Potomac,  at  the  foot  of  8th  street  east,  and  at  the 
terminus  of  the  Navy  Yard  (green  car)  line  of  the  Pennsylvania  avenue  cars.  Open 
to  the  public  from  9  o'clock  to4o"clock.  No  pass  required.  Local  guides  will  facilitate 
inspection  of  the  yard  if  one's  time  be  limited. 

T  is  not  a  shipbuilding  establishment,  but  an  ordnance  factory  \ve  find 
when  we  pass  through  the  arched  entrance  of  the  Washington  Xavy 
Yard,  and  we  are  likely  to  be  disappointed  if  we  expect  to  find  one 
of  the  armored  ships  of  the  White  Squadron  at  anchor  in  the  Eastern 
Trophies  Branch.  But  there  are  guns  to  study,  ancient  relics  of  the  past,  trophies 
eloquent  of  the  gallant  exploits  of  the  old  Navy,  and  new  guns  here  mak- 
ing for  the  equipment  of  the  new  Navy  of  to-day.  The  trophies  meet  us 
at  the  entrance.  Just  within  the  gate  on  Dahlgren  avenue  (the  avenues 
are  named  after  Commandants  of  the  yard)  we  find  two  bronze  cannons, 
which  Capt.  Stephen  Decatur  took  from  the  Tripolitans,  Aug.  3,  1804. 
Further  down  the  avenue  is  the  famous  Long  Tom. 


Long 


The  Long  Tom  is  a  42-pound  cast-iron  gun  made  in  1786.    It  belonged  originally 


_  to  the  man-of-war  Xoche,  one  of  the  French  fleet  sent  in  1798  to  invade  Ireland,  and 
captured  by  the  British  under  Sir  John  B.  Warren.  The  gun  was  taken  to  England 
and  sold  to  the  Americans.  It  was  afterward  struck  by  a  shot,  and  so  injured  as  to  be 
condemned,  and  was  sold  to  Hayti,  to  be  used  against  France,  the  nation  in  whose  ser- 
vice it  had  first  burned  powder.  Brought  back  to  America  again,  the  Long  Tom 
formed  one  of  the  battery  of  the  armed  brig  General  Armstrong  (fitted  out  by  private 
hands  and  commanded  by  Capt.  Samuel  Chester  Reid,  On  Sept.  24,  1814,  off  Bayal, 
one  ot  the  Azores,  the  Armstrong  engaged  single-handed  in  a  fight  with  three  ships  of 
the  British  Squadron,  which  was  then  on  its  way  to  New  Orleans,  and  so  disabled  the 
fleet  that  it  was  delayed,  and  failed  to  reach  New  Orleans  for  the  great  fight  there, 
when  Jackson  won  the  day.  The  Armstrong  was  afterward  sunk  to  save  her  from  the 
enemy,  but  the  Long  Tom  was  removed  and  was  presented  by  the  Portuguese  Govern- 
ment to  the  United  States.  It  was  sent  to  this  country  for  the  World's  Fair. 

At  the  end  of  the  avenue,  in  front  of  the  Commandant's  office,  and  in 
the  gun  park  south  of  it,  there  are  other  relics  and  trophies — guns  captured 
by  Decatur  from  Algiers  and  Tripoli,  and  taken  in  the  wars  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. 1812,  Mexican  and  Civil. 

The  Museum  is  shaded  by  a  willow  tree  which  was  grown  from  a  slip 
from  one  of  the  trees  over  the  grave  of  Napoleon  at  St.  Helena;  it  was 
brought  home  by  Commodore  Bainbridge  and  planted  here.  The  Mu- 
seum contains  a  collection  of  relics  and  of  specimens  illustrating  different 
classes  of  ordnance,  projectiles  and  naval  equipments. 

In  the  gun  shop  (reached  by  the  small  stairway  on  the  right  of  Dahl 
gren  avenue)  may  be  seen  one  of  the  most  impressive  exhibitions  on  this 
continent  of  machinery  in  operation.     Here  are  the  great  lathes,  turning, 
boring  and  rifling  the  steel  breech-loading  rifles  of  the  Navy.     These  are 

18 


The  Navy  Yard.  19 

formidable  pieces  of  artillery,  ranging  from  the  4-m.  caliber  to  that  of 
13-in.  caliber,  which  is  39-ft.  n-in.  in  length,  weighs  65  tons,  and  carries 
a  projectile  of  i,ioo-lbs.,  with  a  range  of  thirteen  miles.  The  calibers  are 
4,  5,  6,  8,  10,  12  and  13  inches;  and  their  ranges  correspond — 4,  5,  6,  8,  10, 
12  and  13  miles. 

The  guns  are  forged  at  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  and  are  brought  here  in  a  rough  state  to  The 
be  finished.     Each  gun  consists  of  a  central  steel  tube,  and  its  jacket  and  hoops  also  Gun 
of  steel.    The  jacket  and  hoops  are  shrunk  upon  the  tube,  i.  e.,  are  fitted  on  to  it  Shop 
when  expanded  by  heat,  and  are  then  shrunk  by  cooling,  just  as  the  tire  is  shrunk  and 
upon  the  wagon-wheel.     All  the  successive  processes  may  be  witnessed — the  boring  of  'ts 
the  jacket  cylinder,  trimming  down  the  tube  to  fit  the  jacket,  and  fitting  the  heated  Work 
jacket  upon  the  tube;    boring  the  hoops,  trimming  the  jacket  to  fit  the  hoops,  and 
fitting  the  heated  hoops  upon  the  jacket.    As  the  jacket  cools  it  shrinks  upon  the  tube 
as  compactly  as  if  the  jacket  and  tube  were  one  solid  piece,  and  the  hoops  in  turn  be- 
come as  a  part  of  the  jacket.     The  gun,  thus  built  up  of  separate  layers  of  steel,  is  a 
product  which  in  practice  proves  to  possess  greater  strength  than  a  gun  forged  of  one 
mass  of  metal.    The  work  involves  an  extreme  nicety  of  calculation  on  the  part  of  the 
engineers  who  plan  the  measurements. 

From  this  sta"ge  of  manufacture,  the  gun — weighing  sixty  odd  tons — is  carried  by 
the  powerful  traveling  crane  to  the  barrel-boring  lathes,  where  the  barrel  and  chamber 
are  bored  out;  and  then  to  the  rifling  lathe,  which  cuts  the  grooves  of  the  rifling,  inch 
by  inch,  foot  by  foot,  through  the  length  of  the  barrel.  The  operations  here  are  on  a 
gigantic  scale,  the  machinery  is  ponderous,  the  product  titanic.  The  immense  lathes 
do  their  \vork  almost  noiselessly,  with  ease,  smoothness,  precision  and  deliberation, 
which  bespeak  a  reserve  of  strength  and  power  irresistible. 

Other  shops  which  possess  interest  are  those  of  the  gun-carriage  de- 
partment, and  the  breech  mechanism  and  projectile  departments. 

THE  MARINE  BARRACKS  are  on  8th  street,  near  the  Navy  Yard ;  reached  Marine 
by  Pennsylvania  avenue  cars.     Concerts  by  the  Marine  Band  in  summer  at   Barracks 
1 1  A.  M. ;  guard-mount  daily  at  9  A.  M. 

THE  ARSENAL   (or  Washington  Barracks)    is  at  the  foot  of  4^/2  street,   Arsenal 
S.W.,  on  the  Potomac;  reached  by  the  7th  street  cars.     Only  the  grounds 
are  open  to  the  public,  and  there  is  no  special  interest  for  the  visitor. 

THE  WASHINGTON  BARRACKS,  at  the  foot  of  4^  street  and  the  Potomac,  Washington 
will,  upon  completion  of  plans  now  under  way,  become  the  most  important  Barracks 
military  post  in  the  country.     The  Engineers'  School  of  Application,  now 
at  Willet's  Point,  N.  Y.,  will  be  transferred  here.     This  school  is  for  the 
final  military  instruction  of  the  honor  graduates  of  West   Point.     Here, 
too,  will  be  the  new  War  College  and  the  School  of  National  Defense,  the 
classes   in  which  will  be  composed   of  honor  graduates  of  the  infantry, 
cavalry  and  artillery  schools  at  Fort  Leavenworth  and  Fort  Monroe.    The 
corner  stone  of  the  War  College  was  laid  in  February,  1903. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  NAVAL  OBSERVATORY,  in  charge  of  the  Bureau  of  Naval 
Navigation,  is  on  the  heights  north  of  the  Georgetown  and  Rockville  road. 
It  has  a  26-in.  equatorial  telescope,  is  admirably  equipped  for  astronomical 
work,  and  holds  a  high  place  among  the  institutions  of  its  class.  From 
the  Observatory  Washington  time  is  telegraphed  daily  to  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  Open  to  visitors  from  9  to  3. 


2O 


n'tisliin&tun,  the  Nation's  Capital. 


SOME    HISTORIC    HOMES    ON    LAFAYETTE    SQUARE. 

Many  of  the  houses  surrounding  the  square  possess  interesting  t 
ciations  as  the  homes  of  public  men.  The  plot  of  ground  now  occupied 
by  the  Lafayette  Square  Opera  House,  on  Madison  place,  was  in  the  '305 
owned  by  Henry  Clay;  he  traded  it  for  an  imported  and  long-pedigreed 
jackass  to  Commodore  Rodgers,  who  built  the  home,  which  stood  until 
torn  down  in  1895  to  make  way  for  the  opera  house.  After  Commodore 
Rodgers,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  Roger  B.  Taney  lived  here;  and  then 
followed  Secretary  of  the  Navy  James  K.  Paulding;  Secretary  of  State 
William  H.  Seward,  who  in  one  of  the  upper  rooms  was  struck  by  the 
would-be  assassin  in  that  fateful  night  of  April  14.  1865 ;  and  James  G. 
Blaine,  who  in  the  same  room  died  in  1893. 

Further  north,  on  the  corner  of  Madison  place  and  H  street,  the  home 
of  the  scientific  Cosmos  Club  was  formerly  known  as  Dolly  Madison's 
house.  Here  Mrs.  Madison  Jived  from  1837  to  her  death;  then  Admiral 
Wilkes  occupied  the  house  until  the  Civil  War,  and  it  then  became  the 
headquarters  of  Gen.  McClellan.  Diagonally  across  the  street  is  the  red 
brick  house  (now  an  annex  of  the  Arlington  Hotel)  which  was  for  more 
than  twenty  years  the  home  of  Charles  Sumner.  Further  west,  on  the 
corner  of  Connecticut  avenue  and  H  street,  is  Corcoran  House,  the  home 
of  the  late  W.  W.  Corcoran,  and  before  him  of  Daniel  Webster  while 
Secretary  of  State.  It  is  recorded  that  the  Ashburton  Treaty  was  dis- 
cussed and  practically  concluded  in  this  house. 

The  house  on  the  southwest  corner  of  H  street  and  Jackson  place  was  built 
in  1819  by  Commodore  Decatur  (the  author  of  the  toast,  "My  country: 
may  she  be  always  in  the  right;  but  right  or  wrong— my  country"),  and  it 
was  occupied  by  Henry  Clay,  Martin  Van  Buren  and  Edward  Livingston, 
during  their  respective  terms  as  Secretary  of  State,  and  by  Ministers  of 
Russia,  England  and  France. 

CITY  OF  MAGNIFICENT  DISTANCES.— This  phrase  as  descriptive  of  Wash- 
ington was  original  wilth  Abbe  Carrea,  Minister  from  Portugal  in  1816 

THE    BEAUTIFICATION   OF  WASHINGTON. 

THE  BEAUTIFICATION  OF  WASHINGTON  is  a  subject  which  has  engaged 
the  attention  of  Congress.  Plans  have  been  submitted  by  a  Park  Com- 
mission appointed  by  the  Senate,  and  consisting  of  Messrs.  Burnham, 
NicKim,  St.  Gaudcns  and  Olmstead.  The  report  recommends  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  parkway  comprising  the  Mall,  extending  from  the  Capitol  to 
the  Monument,  one  and  one-half  miles,  and  with  a  width  of  800  feet. 
From  this  territory  would  be  removed  the  buildings  now  upon  it,  to  the 
end  that  there  might  be  an  uninterrupted  vista,  whether  of  the  park  in  a 
natural  state,  or  given  a  formal  arrangement  as  the  Commission  recom- 
mends. 

THE   UNION   RAILWAY   STATION. 

THE  L'NION  RAILWAY  STATION,  which  will  supersede  the  present  railway 
station,  is  under  construction  at  a  point  northeast  of  the  Capitol,  as  shown 
on  our  map,  pages  14-15.  It  is  building  by  the  Pennsylvania  and  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  railroads,  the  LTnited  States  and  the  District  of  Columbia. 


THE  CAPITOL. 


THE  CAPITOL  is  situated  on  Capitol  Hill,  1  1-3  miles  from  the  White  House  and 
Treasury,  y2-mi\e  from  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Station,  and  one  square  from  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Station. 

It  is  reached  by  the  F  street  and  the  Pennsylvania  avenue  cars,  both  of  which 
ascend  the  hill.  One  may  leave  the  Pennsylvania  avenue  cars  at  the  Peace  Monu- 
ment, near  the  west  entrance,  and  thus  gain  the  grandest  approach ;  or  may  continue 
(on  the  Xavy  Yard  car)  to  the'  top  of  the  hill. 

The  building  is  open  daily,  except  Sundays  and  holidays,  from  9  to  4:30,  or  until 
one-half  hour  after  adjournment.  During  a  term  of  Congress  the  forenoon  is  the  best 
time  for  inspecting  the  legislative  halls  and  the  various  committee  rooms.  Congress 
goes  into  session  at  12  o'clock  noon;  visitors  are  allowed  upon  the  floor  of  Senate  and 
House  until  11 :45,  thereafter  in  the  galleries  only.  The  several  galleries  are  designated 
over  the  doors:  Gentlemen's,  Ladies',  Reserved,  Diplomatic  Corps,  Press.  Those 
marked  Ladies'  and  Gentlemen's  are  open  to  the  public. 

*$*  THE  CAPITOL  GUIDES. — There  is  a  staff  of  regularly  authorized  Capitol 
guides,  who  conduct  visitors  through  the  building,  and  point  out  and  explain  all 
objects  of  interest;  and  it  will  be  found  advantageous  to  employ  their  services. 

THE  CAPITOL  is  distinguished  for  its  commanding  situation  and 
majestic  proportions,  for  the  dignity,  grace  and  beauty  of  design, 
and  the  adornments  and  decorations  which  beautify  it  without 
and  within.     All  these  unite  to  give  it  rank  as  an  architectural 
object  among  the  noblest  in  the  world.     From  an  elevated  site  on  Capitol 
Hill,  97-ft.  above  the  level  of  the  river,  it  overlooks  the  amphitheatre  of 
the   Potomac  and  is  a  conspicuous  feature  of  the  landscape   from  miles 
on  every  side.     It  is  set  amid  grounds  whose  extent  and  arrangement  add 
much  to  the  architectural  effect. 

The  building  faces  the  east,  for  in  that  quarter  the  projectors  assumed 
that  the  city  would  grow ;  but  the  development  of  Washington  has  been 
toward  the  west,  and  it  is  from  this  direction  that  the  Capitol  is  usually 
approached.  From  the  main  western  entrance  of  the  grounds,  near  the 
Peace  Monument,  the  approach  leads  up  the  gently  rising  lawns  to  flights 
of  steps,  which  give  ascent  to  the  upper  terrace  or  open  court,  which  ex- 
tends the  entire  length  of  the  west  front  and  around  the  north  and  south 
ends.  Here  a  beautiful  view  is  afforded  of  the  city  and  encircling  hills. 
From  the  court  the  west  door  of  the  building  gives  access  to  flights  of" 
stairs  which  lead  to  the  Rotunda. 

On  the  east  front  are  three  grand  porticoes  with  Corinthian  columns, 
and  there  is  a  portico  of  similar  columns  on  the  end  and  west  front  of 
each  extension,  and  a  loggia  on  the  west  front  of  the  main  building. 
Broad  flights  of  marble  steps  lead  up  to  the  porticoes  from  the  esplanade 
on  the  east. 

The  central  building  is  constructed  of  Virginia  sandstone,  painted  white;  the  ex- 
tensions arc  of  Massachusetts  marble.  The  24  columns  of  the  grand  central  portico 
are  monoliths  of  Virginia  sandstone,  30ft.  high;  the  100  columns  of  the  extension 
porticos  are  monoliths  of  Maryland  marble.  The  entire  length  of  the  Capitol  is 
751ft.  4in. ;  width,  350ft.;  area,  over  3%  acres. 

The  corner  stone  of  the  main  building  was  laid  by  President  Washington  on  Sept. 
IS.  1793.  The  wings  of  the  central  building  were  completed  in  1811,  and  were  partially 

21 


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24  U'ashington,  thc  Xation's  Capital. 

litirtu-d  by  thc  .British  in  181-1.  Thc  entire  central  building  was  finished  in  1827.  The 
Capitol  t(|r|ur  Mll,K.  uf  t|lc  extension  was  laid  by  President  l-'illmore,  on  July  4,  1851;  Daniel 
Mtotory  ^  c|)Ster  was  ti,e  orator.  The  extensions  were  first  occupied  by  Congress  1857  and 

1869.     Up  to  that  time  the  Senate  Chamber  was  the  present   Supreme   Court   Room; 

and  the  Hall  of  Representatives  was  the  present   National   Statuary   Hall. 

Dome  The  crowning  glory  of  the  Capitol  is  the  imposing  Dome,  springing 
from  a  peristyle  of  tinted  Corinthian  columns  above  the  central  building 
and  terminating  in  a  lantern,  which  is  surmounted  by  the  Statue  of  Free- 
dom, towering  3O7J/2-ft.  above  the  esplanade. 

The  height  of  the  Dome  above  the  base  line  of  the  east  front  is  287-ft.  5-in.;  from 
the  roof  balustrade.  217-ft.  11- in. ;  diameter  at  the  base,  135-ft.  5-in.  It  is  of  iron,  and 
weigs  8,909,200-lbs.  It  is  so  constructed  that  with  the  variations  of  temperature  the 
iron  plates  expand  and  contract,  "like  the  folding  and  unfolding  of  a  lily."  The 
peristyle  has  30  columns  and  36  windows,  with  a  balustrade  above.  The  lantern  is 
15-ft.  in  diameter  and  50-ft.  in  height;  it  has  electric  lights,  which  illuminate  the  Dome 
during  a  night  session.  The  Dome  was  designed  by  NYalter,  and  was  completed  in 
ISoS.  The  Dome  is  ascended  for  the  view  by  a  winding  stairway. 
Statue  of  ^e  bronze  statue  of  Armed  Liberty,  designed  by  Crawford,  is  19-ft.  6-in.  high,  and 


Liberty 


weighs  14,985-lbs.  It  was  set  in  place  on  Dec.  2,  18G3.  A  full-sized  model  of  the 
figure  is  In  the  National  Museum,  where  the  majestic  expression  of  the  countenance 
may  be  noted,  and  the  details  studied  of  the  crest  of  the  eagle's  beak  and  plumes, 
sheathed  sword,  shield,  and  supporting  globe  with  its  legend,  E  Pluribus  Untini. 


Rotunda         The  east  portico  of  the  House  is  plain;  on  those  of  the  Rotunda  and 
Portico   the  Senate  has  been  expended  the  chief  exterior  adornment  of  the  Capitol. 
On   the   tympanum   of  the   Rotunda   portico   is   an   allegorical   group    (by 
Persico,  after  design  of  John  Quincy  Adams)   of  the  Genius  of  America. 
In   the  centre  stands  America,  with  the  eagle  at   her  feet.     Her  shield, 
with  its  legend,  U.  S.  A.,  rests  upon  an  altar  inscribed  with  the  significant 
date,  July  4,  1776.     She  is  listening  to  the  inspiration  of  Hope,  and  indi- 
cating her  reliance  upon  Justice,  whose  scroll  of  the  Constitution  bears 
the  date  of  the  adoption  of  that  instrument,  September  17,  1/87. 
The         Of  the  two  colossal  groups  in  marble  on  the  portico,  one  is  Persico's 
narble    Discovery  of  America;   it   represents   Columbus   and  an   Indian   girl;    the 
'OUf*  armor  was  copied  from  a  suit  worn  by  Columbus,  now  preserved  in  Genoa. 
The  other  group  is  Greenough's  Settlement  of  America — a  pioneer  in  des- 
perate conflict  with  a  savage.     On  either  side  of  the  doorway  are  marble 
figures  (by  Persico)  of  War— Mars  in  Roman  mail,  with  shield  and  spear; 
and  Peace— Ceres,  with  olive  branch  and  fruits.     Over  the  door  is  a  com- 
position of  Peace  and  Fame  placing  a  wreath  of  laurel  upon  the  brow  of 
Washington,     At  the  Rotunda  entrance  is  the  Rogers  Bronze  Door. 
Senate         The  fortunes  of  the  American  Indians  furnish  a  theme  which  we  shall 
Portfco   find  constantly  recurring  throughout  the  decorations  of  the  Capitol.     Thc 
mnrbles  and  bronzes   of  the   Rotunda   portico  are   suggestive   of  the  first 
contact  of  the  white  race  and  the  red;  the  marble  group  in  the  tympanum 
of  the  Senate  portico  is  significant  of  what  the  coming  of  the  new  race 
was  to  mean  for  the  old.    The  subject  (by  Crawford)  is  American  Devel- 
opment  and   the    Decadence   of  the    Indian   Race.     In   the   centre    stands 
America,  in  the  effulgence  of  the  rising  sun,  bestowing  honor  instead  of 
s  upon  General  Washington;  on  the  right  are  Commerce.  Education. 
Mechanics  and  Agriculture;  on  the  left  the  Pioneer,  the  Hunter,  a  dejected 


26  U'ashington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 

Chieftain,  and  an  Indian  mother  with  her  babe  mourning  beside  a  grave. 
In  the  wall  above  the  Senate  entrance  are  marble  figures  of  Justice  and 
History  (by  Crawford),  and  the  door  is  the  Crawford  Bronze  Door. 

Rotund*        THE  ROTUNDA  in  the  centre  of  the  main  building  is  the  room  to  which 

one  usually  comes  first,  and  it  is  a  convenient  point  from  which  to  visit 

the  various  parts  of  the  Capitol.     The  north  door  leads  to  the  Supreme 

Court  Room,  the  Senate,  and  the  stairway  to  the  Dome;  the  south  door 

to  the  Statuary  Hall  and  the  House;  the  east  door  (Rogers  Bronze)  opens 

on  the  portico,  and  the  west  door  leads  to  the  west  entrance. 

Tour        A  convenient  programme  for  seeing  the  Capitol  is  to  study  first   the 

of  the  Rotunda  (from  the  floor),  then  to  visit  in  succession  the  Hall  of  Statuary, 

C*plto!  the  House  and  its  committee  rooms,  the  Supreme  Court,  the  Senate  and 

its  rooms,  the  west  portico  for  the  view;  then  to  ascend  to  the  upper  part 

of  the  Rotunda  and  beyond  to  the  Dome  and  its  view.     Study  the  Capitol 

plan  on  a  foregoing  page. 

Note  the  magnificent  marble  corridors  and  stairways  of  the  extensions; 
the  pilasters,  columns  and  capitals,  sculpture  and  frescoing;  the  tessellated 
floors,  and  the  vistas  through  the  windows,  giving  glimpses  of  the  city 
and  the  Washington  Monument,  the  new  Library,  and  the  Capitol  itself. 
Rotunda  The  Rotunda  is  an  immense  circular  hall  97  2-3-ft.  in  diameter,  and 
Paintings  rjsjng  clear  from  floor  to  inner  shell  of  Dome  and  canopy,  i8o-ft.  above. 
Light  is  admitted  through  the  36  windows  of  the  peristyle.  The  walls  are 
adorned  with  paintings,  sculptures  and  frescoes,  and  the  vaulted  canopy 
top  above  the  eye  of  the  Dome  glows  with  color.  The  eight  oil  paintings 
in  the  panels  of  the  hall  have  for  their  subjects  memorable  scenes  in  the 
history  of  the  continent  and  of  the  United  States.  The  key  to  each  picture 
hangs  beneath  it.  They  are : — 

Landing  of  Columbus  on  San  Salvador,  Oct.  12,  1492.  (By  Vanderlyn.) 
Discovery  of  the  Mississippi  by  De  Soto,  1541.      (By  W.  H.  Powell.) 
Baptism  of  Pocahontas,  Jamestown,  Va.,  1613.    (By  John  G.  Chapman.) 
Embarkation  of  the  Pilgrims  from  Delft-Haven,  July  21,  1620.    (Weir.) 
Declaration         The  Declaration  of  Independence,  Philadelphia,  July  4,  1776.   (By  John 
Trtimbull,  of  Connecticut.)     The  scene  is  the  hall  of  the  Continental  Con- 
gress.    John  Hancock,  President  of  the  Congress,  is  seated  at  the  table, 
and  in  front  of  him  stand  the  Committee  of  Five— Thomas  Jefferson,  John 
Adams,  Benjamin  Franklin,  Roger  Sherman  and  Robert  L.  Livingston. 
Saratoga        The  Surrender  of  Burgoyne,  Saratoga,  Oct.  17,  1777.   (By  Trumbull.) 
"The  painting  represents  Gen.   Burgoyne,  attended  by  Gen.    Phillips  and 
followed  by  other  officers,  arriving  near  the  marquee  of  Gen.  Gates.     Gen. 
Gates  has  advanced  a  few  steps  from  the  entrance  to  meet  the  prisoner,  who 
s  in  the  act  of  offering  his  sword,  which  Gen.  Gates  declines  to  receive; 
and  invites  them  to  enter  and  partake  of  refreshments.     A  number  of  the 
officers  of  the  American  army  are  assembled  near  their  General."— Elliot. 
Yorktown        Surrender  of  Cornwallis,  Yorktown,  Oct.  19.  1781.     (Trumbull.)     "The 
painting  represents  the  moment   when   the   officers   of  the   British   army, 
conducted  by  Gen.  Lincoln,  are  passing  the  two  groups  of  American  and 
French  guards,  and  entering  between  the  two  lines  of  victors."— Elliot. 


jX  U'dshington,  the  Xation's  Capital. 

Wellington-*  Tnc  Resignation  of  General  Washington,  Annapolis,  Dec.  23,  1783. 
Resignation  (  I  rumlnill.)  "After  taking  an  affectionate  leave  of  his  old  comrades  at 
New  York,  General  Washington,  accompanied  by  only  two  of  them,  pro- 
ceeded to  Annapolis,  where  Congress  was  then  sitting,  and  there  resigned 
his  commission  into  the  hands  of  twenty-three  powerless  men,  divested 
himself  of  all  authority,  and  retired  to  private  life." — Elliot.  Washington's 
surrendered  commission  is  preserved  in  the  State  Department,  and  the 
uniform  of  Commander-in-Chief  worn  on  this  occasion  is  shown  among 
the  Washington  relics  in  the  National  Museum. 

Trumbull  The  Trumlnill   paintings  have  peculiar  interest   and   value  because  the  figures   in 

Series  tl:cin  are  authentic  portraits.  Col.  John  Trumbull,  an  aide-de-camp  of  Washington, 
"having  a  natural  taste  for  drawing,  took  the  resolution  of  cultivating  that  talent, 
with  the  hope  of  thus  binding  his  name  to  the  great  events  of  the  Revolution  by  be- 
coming the  graphic  historiographer  of  them  and  of  his  comrades."  With  this  view  he 
devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  the  art  of  painting,  first  in  this  country  and  then  in 
Europe.  To  John  Adams,  then  Minister  to  England,  and  Thomas  Jefferson,  Minister 
to  France,  he  communicated  his  ambitious  design  of  painting  a  series  commemorative 
of  thd  principal  events  of  the  devolution,  preserving  faithful  portraits  of  its  con- 
spicuous actors,  and  accurate  details  of  scenes,  dress  and  arms.  He  painted  Adams  in 
London,  and  Jefferson  in  Paris,  and  at  the  house  of  Jefferson  the  French  officers  who 
were  to  be  included  in  the  Yorktown  picture.  He  was  given  sittings  by  Washington 
and  others  in  New  York,  at 'that  time  the  seat  of  government,  and  then  traveled 
through  the  country,  from  New  Hampshire  to  South  Carolina,  collecting  portraits 
and  other  materials.  In  1816,  after  more  than  thirty  years  of  preparation,  he  was 
commissioned  by  Congress  to  paint  the  four  great  pictures  now  in  the  Rotunda- 
works  which  at  once  are  held  pricesless  tor  their  portraits  of  the  i-'athers  oi  the 
Republic,  and  are  a  realization  of  the  artist's  high  ambition. 

Sculptures         Tn  the  arahesques  ahove  the  paintings  are  sculptured  portraits  of  Co- 

lumhns,   Raleigh,  Cabot  and   La   Salle    (by  Capellano  and   Causici)  ;   and 

above  the  doors  are  sculptures  of  the  Landing  of  the  Pilgrims,  Pocahontas 

Rescuing  Capt.  John  Smith,  William  Penn's  Conference  with  the  Indians, 

and  Daniel  Boone  in  Conflict  with  the  Indians.     (These  are  by  Causici, 

Capellano  and  Gevelct.)     At  a  height  of  6s-ft.  above  the  floor,  and  encir- 

Kotunda  cling  the  wall,  here  30O-ft.  in  circumference,  runs  a  fresco  (by  Brumidi  and 

Fr»*ze  Castigini)    in  imitation  of  high  relief,  illustrating  periods  of  the  history 

of  the  continent.    America  is  depicted  with  Indian  and  eagle,  standing  with 

Hi-tory,  who  records  on  her  tablet  the  progress  of  events.     The  subjects 

are:  Landing  of  Columbus,  Cortez  and  Monteznma  in  the  Temple  of  the 

Sun,  Pizarro  in  Peru,  Burial  of  De  Soto,  Rescue  of  Capt.  John   Smith, 

Landing  at   Plymouth  Rock,  Penn's  Treaty  with  the  Indians,   Settlement 

New   England,   Oglethorpe   and  the   Muscogees,    Battle  of  Lexington, 

rlaration   of   Independence,    Surrender   of  Lord    Cornwallis,    Death    of 

Tecumseh,  the  American  Army  Entering  the  City  of  Mexico,  California 

B  lining.     The  series  is  to  be  completed. 

Canopy        The  canopy  overhanging  the  eye  of  the  Dome,  at  a  height  of  i8o-ft 

the  Rotunda  floor,  is  65-ft.  in  diameter,  and  gives  a  field  of  4,640 

t  for  Brumidi's  colossal  allegorical  fresco.     This  may  be  studied 

r  advantage  from  the  gallery  which  is  immediately  below  it,  reached 

by  the  Dome  stairway.     See  page  35. 

The  gallery,  which  encircles  the  hall  just  beneath  the  canopy  ahove,  is 


ll'ashin^ton,  the  X  at  ion's  Capital. 


THE    ROTUNDA    CANOPY— APOTHEOSIS    OF    WASHINGTON. 


ARTS— SCIENCE. 


THE    ROTUNDA    CANOPY. 


The  allegory  5s  of  the  Apotheosis  of  Washington.  In  the  center  is  Washington, 
seated  in  majesty,  like  Jove  on  Olympus,  with  supernal  beings  attending  him.  On 
his  right  sits  Freedom;  on  his  left  Victory;  and  about  him  float  the  Thirteen  States 
as  aerial  figures,  their  banner  inscribed:  E  Pluribus  Unum.  Beneath,  and  encircling 
the  base  of  the  canopy,  runs  an  allegory  of  the  Revolution.  The  group  in  line  directly 
below  Washington  represents  the  Fall  of  Tyranny— Freedom  with  her  eagle  putting  to 
rout  the  forces  of  War,  Tyranny,  Priestcraft,  Discord,  Anger  and  Revenge.  Follow- 
ing to  the  right  are  depicted  in  succession ;  Agriculture  (America,  Ceres,  Flora  and 
Pomona);  Mechanics  (Vulcan) ;  Commerce  (Mercury,  with  portrait  of  Alexander 
Hamilton,  and  of  Robert  Morris,  signer  of  the  Declaration,  financier  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, in  the  last  days  of  his  life  imprisoned  for  debt,  and  here  given  enduring  fame); 
Marine  (Neptune,  and  Aphrodite  with  the  Atlantic  cable) ;  Arts  and  Sciences 
(Minerva,  with  portraits  of  Franklin,  Fulton  and  Morse). 


*2  Il'ashington,  the  Xation's  Capital. 

WH.  a   whispering  gallery,   wherein   two   persons    standing   on   opposite   sides 

cuiie^  05- ft.  apart,  may  distinctly  hear  one  another  speaking  in  whispers. 

The- statues  are  of  Lincoln,  Jefferson,  Baker,  Grant  and  Hamilton. 

Edward  Dickinson  Baker,  of  Oregon,  1811-1816;  Fought  in  Mexican  War;  Senator 
5Utue«  (rom  Oregon;  commanded  a  brigade  at  Ball's  Bluff,  Oct.  21,  1861,  and  was  mortally 
wounded.  (By  Horatio  Stone.) 

Ulysses  Simpson  Grant,  1822-1885.  Lieutenant-General  in  the  Civil  War  and 
commander  of  the  Union  armies;  President  1869-77.  (By  Franklin  Simmons.) 

Alexander  Hamilton,  of  New  York,  1757-1804.  Officer  in  Revolution;  exerted 
important  influence  through  the  Federalist  in  securing  adoption  of  the  Constitution; 
1'residcnt  Washington's  Secretary  of  the  Treasury;  author  of  our  financial  system. 
A  panel  in  the  Senate  Bronze  Door  commemorates  Hamilton's  gallantry  at  York- 
town,  when  he  led  an  advanced  corps  to  the  storming  of  a  British  redoubt.  (By 

Stone.) 

Thomas  Jefferson,  of  Virginia,  1743-1826.  Author  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence and  one  of  its  signers;  as  Member  of  Congress,  originated  our  system  of 
coinage;  as  Minister  to  France  negotiated  important  commercial  treaties;  Secretary 
of  State,  Washington's  first  term;  Vice- President  with  John  Adams;  President  1801-9; 
founder  of  the  first  Republican  Party,  from  which  the  Democratic  Party  of  to-day 
claims  descent.  (By  P.  D.  David  d'Angers;  presented  by  Lieut.  N.  P.  Levy,  U.  S. 
Navy.) 

Abraham   Lincoln,   of   Illinois,   18C9-65.      President   1861-65.      (By    Vinnie    Ream.) 

Rogers        At  the  east  door  of  the  Rotunda  is  the  Rogers  Bronze  Door,  designed 
Door  and  modeled  by  the  American  artist,  Randolph  Rogers,  at   Rome  in   1858, 
and  cast  by  Von  Miller  at  Munich.    The  panels  are  filled  with  high  reliefs 
illustrating  scenes  in  the  career  of  Columbus.    The  subjects  are: 

Columbus  before  the  Council  of  Salamanca;  His  Departure  from  the  Convent 
of  La  Rabida;  the  Audience  before  Ferdinand  and  Isabella;  the  Sailing  from  Palos 
on  the  First  Voyage;  the  Landing  at  San  Salvador;  the  First  Encounter  with  the 
Indians;  the  Triumphal  Entry  into  Barcelona;  Columbus  in  Chains;  His  Death. 

On  the  transom  arch  is  a  portrait  of  the  Discoverer;  and  on  the  panel  borders,  in 
papal  robe  and  royal  crown  and  suit  of  mail,  are  the  personages  who  played  their 
parts  in  the  memorable  world  drama  of  the  fifteenth  century— the  sovereigns  Alex- 
ander VI.  of  Rome,  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  of  Spain,  Charles  VIII.  of  France,  John 
II.  of  Portugal,  <-.nd  Henry  VII.  of  England;  the  friends  and  patrons  of  Columbus- 
Cardinal  Mendoza,  Lady  Beatriz  de  Bobadilla.  and  Juan  Parez  de  Marchena,  prior 
•  >f  La  Rabida;  the  companions  of  the  Discoverer  and  conquerors  of  the  New  World— 
I'inzon,  captain  of  the  "Pinta";  Bartholomew  Columbus,  Ojeda,  Vespucci,  Cortez, 
Balboa,  and  Pizarro.  The  frames  of  the  panels  show  portraits  of  Irving,  Prescott  and 
other  historians  of  Columbus.  The  decorative  scheme  of  the  border  is  of  anchors, 
rudders,  casques  and  armor,  symbolical  of  exploration  and  conquest;  while  four  race 
types  stand  for  the  continents,  Asia,  Africa,  Europe  and  America. 

Inauguration  The  Rotunda  portico  is  the  scene  of  the  inaugurations.  The  retiring 
President  and  the  incoming  President  ride  together  from  White  House  to 
Capitol.  The  oath  of  office  having  been  taken  by  the  Vice-President  in 
the  Senate  Chamber,  all  repair  to  the  Rotunda  portico,  and  its  grand- stand 
erected  for.  the  occasion.  It  is  a  brilliant  and  impressive  assemblage— the 
Chief-Justice  and  the  Associates  in  their  robes  of  office,  the  members  of 
the  Diplomatic  Corps  in  resplendent  uniforms;  the  members  of  the  House 
and  Senate,  officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  and  other  dignitaries  of  tin- 
land;  while  on  the  esplanade  in  front  are  gathered  tens  of  thousands  of 
spectators.  The  President  having  read  his  inaugural  address,  the  Chief- 
Justice  administers  the  oath  of  office :— "I  do  solemnly  swear  that  I  will 


THE    ROGERS    BRONZE    DOOR    OF    THE!   ROTUNPA. 


34  Washington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 

inauguration  faithfully  execute  the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States,  and  will 
to  the  best  of  my  ability  preserve,  protect  and  defend  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States." 

The  programme  concludes  with  a  review  by  the  new  President  of  the 
vast  procession — of  troops,  marines,  militia,  political  clubs  and  others — 
which  marches  from  the  Capitol  down  Pennsylvania  avenue  and  past  the 
reviewing  stand  in  front  of  the  White  House. 

On  the  great  esplanade  of  the  east  front  is  Greenough's  colossal  marble 
statue  of  Washington.     The  figure  is  seated  in  a  Roman  chair,  the  left 
hand  clasping  a  sword,  the  other  raised  in  invocation  of  heaven.     Acces- 
sories are  Columbus  with  globe  and  an  Indian;   Phoebus-Apollo  Driving 
the  Chariot  of  the  Sun — America  rising  among  the  Nations ;  and  Hercules 
Strangling  the  Serpent — America's  victory  over  tyranny.    (See  "Statues.") 
View        The  toP  °f  the  Dome  is  reached  by  a  winding  stairway  which  opens 
from   from  the  coiridor  on  the  left  as  one  passes  out  through  the  north  door  of 
Dome  the  Rotunda.      The  stairway  affords  an  overlook  of  the   Rotunda   itself 
from  the  whispering  gallery  beneath  the  canopy,  and  a  magnificent  view 
from   the  balustrade  beneath  the  lantern.     The  view   from  this  point   is 
such  as  amply  to  repay  for  the  toilsome  ascent ;  but  the  one  from  the  first 
balustrade,  lower  down,  gives  practically  the  same  outlook. 

statuary  THE  NATIONAL  STATUARY  HALL,  semi-circular  in  shape  and  designed 
Hall  |3y  Latrobe,  after  a  Greek  theatre,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  rooms  of 
the  Capitol.  On  the  north  side  it  has  a  colonnade  of  Potomac  marble  with 
white  capitals,  and  a  screen  of  similar  columns  on  the  south  side  supports 
a  noble  arch.  The  domed  ceiling,  decorated  after  that  of  the  Roman  Pan- 
theon, springs  57-ft.  to  a  cupola,  by  which  the  room  is  lighted.  Above  the 
door  leading  from  the  Rotunda  is  Franzoni's  historical  clock.  The  design 
is  of  History,  with  recording  tablet,  borne  in  the  winged  car  of  Time,  its 
wheel  supported  on  a  globe  circled  by  the  Zodiac.  In  the  arch  above  the 
south  door  is  Causici's  figure  of  Liberty  Proclaiming  Peace,  and  beneath 
is  an  eagle  (by  Valperti)  poised  as  about  to  fly.  Ranged  around  the  hall 
are  statues  and  portrait  busts,  contributed  by  various  States. 

This  room  was  the  Hall  of  Representatives,  and  was  the  forum  of  the 
debates  by  Webster  and  Clay,  Adams,  Calhoun  and  others  whose  names 
are  indelibly  associated  with  the  history  of  Congress.  A  plate  set  in  the 
marble  floor  southwest  of  the  centre  marks  the  spot  where  John  Quincy 
Adam*  Adams  fell,  stricken  with  paralysis,  during  a  session  of  the  House.  In 
the  room  of  the  Clerk  of  the  House,  opening  off  from  the  Hall,  is  a 
memorial  bust,  whose  inscription  runs:  "John  Quincy  Adams,  who,  after 
fifty  years  of  public  service,  the  last  sixteen  in  yonder  Hall,  was  sum- 
moned thence  to  die  in  this  room,  23  February,  1848." 

In  1864,  at  the  suggestion  of  Senator  Morrill,  of  Vermont  (then  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House),  the  room  was  set  apart  as  a  National  Statuary  Hall,  to 
which  each  State  might  send  "the  effigies  of  two  of  her  chosen  sons  in 
marble  or  bronze,  to  be  placed  permanently  here."  The  works  are: 
Adami  Samued  Adams,  of  Massachusetts,  1722-1803.  Did  perhaps  more  than 
any  other  one  man  to  bring  about  the  Revolution.  On  March  6,  1770, 


The  Capitol. 


35 


FRANZONI  S    CLOCK. 


MARBLE    ROOM. 


OLD    HALL    OF    REPRESENTATIVES — NOW    STATUARY    HALL. 


^6  Washington,  the  Xation's  Capital, 

the  d-iy  after  the  Boston  massacre,  he  was  spokesman  of  a  committee  sent 
tUU  to  clcmaml  the  withdrawal  of  the  British  troops,  and  the  pedestal  bears 
the  ultimatum  he  then  addressed  to  Governor  Hutchmson:  "Night  is  ap- 
proaching. An  immediate  answer  is  expected.  Both  regiments  or  none." 
The  troops  were  withdrawn.  (By  Annie  Whitney.) 

Alleo        Ethan  Allen,  of  Vermont,  1739-1789.     The  hero  of  Ticonderoga.     On 

the  night  of  May  10,  1775,  he  led  his  Green  Mountain  Boys  to  the  surprise 

of  the  fortress,  and  demanded  its  surrender  "in  the  name  of  Jehovah  and 

the  Continental  Congress."     (By  L.  C.  Mead.) 

Allen        William  Allen,   of  Ohio,  1806-1879.     Member   of   Congress;    Senator; 

Governor.     (By  Niehaus.) 
Beaton        Thomas  Hart  Benton,  of  Missouri,  1782-1858.     Senator. 

Blair        F.  P.  Blair,  Missouri,  1821-1875.   Member  Congress ;  General  Civil  War. 
Carroll        Charles    Carroll   of   Carrollton,    Maryland,    1737-1832.      Signer   of   the 

Declaration;  Senator. 

Ca*»        Lewis  Cass,  of  Michigan,   1782-1866.     General  in  War  of  1812;  Gov- 
ernor of  Michigan  Territory ;  Secretary  of  War  under  Van  Buren ;  Minis- 
ter to  France;  Senator;  Secretary  of  State  under  Buchanan.    (By  French.) 
Clinton        George  Clinton,  of  New  York,  1739-1812.    Member  of  Continental  Con- 
gress; General  in  Revolution;  first  Governor  of  New  York  State;  Vice- 
President,  two  terms,  with  Jefferson  and  Madison.     (By  H.  K.  Brown.) 
Col  lamer        Jacob  Collamer,  of  Vermont,   1792-1865.     Member  of  Congress;  Post- 
master-General under  Taylor;  Senator.     (By  P.  Powers.) 

Fulton  Robert  Fulton,  of  Pennsylvania,  1765-1815.  First  inventor  to  make 
practical  application  of  steam  power  to  navigation ;  built  first  successful 
steamboat,  the  "Clermont,"  1807.  (By  Howard  Roberts.) 

Oartleld  James  Abram  Garfield,  of  Ohio,  1831-1881.  Major-General,  Army  of 
the  Cumberland;  Member  of  Congress;  elected  to  Senate;  President.  The 
bronze  piece  at  base  of  pedestal — sword,  wreath  and  palm — is  symbolical 
of  War,  Victory  and  Peace.  (By  Niehaus.) 

Greene        Nathaniel  Greene,  of  Rhode  Island,  1742-1786.     General  in  Revolution- 
ary War;  commander  of  the  Southern  Army.     (By  Brown.) 
Hanson        John  Hanson,  of  Maryland.    President  Continental  Congress.  (Brooks.) 
Ingalis        John  J.  Ingalls,  of  Kansas.     Senator.   (By  Niehaus.)* 
Kenna        John  E.  Kenna,  of  West  Virginia.    Senator. 

Kearney        Philip  Kearney,  of  New  Jersey,  1815-1862.     Officer  in  Mexican  War; 
Major-General  Volunteers  Civil  War;  killed  at  Chantilly.    (H.  K.  Brown.) 
King        William  King,  of  Maine.     First  Governor.     (By  Franklin   Simmons.) 
Lee        Robert  E.  Lee,  of  Virginia,  1807-1870.  (E.  V.  Valentine.)    See  p.  141.* 
Livingston        Robert  R.  Livingston,  of  New  York,  1746-1813.    Member  of  Continental 
Congress;  one  of  the  committee  to  draft  the  Declaration;  first  Chancellor 
of  the  State;  Minister  to  France;  completed  the  treaty  for  the  Louisiana 
Purchase,  and  is  here  represented  with  the  document.     By  the  Louisiana 
Purchase  the  United  States  acquired  for  $15.000.000  all  the  French  pos- 
sessions  from   the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  the   Canadian  line,   and   from   the 
Mississippi  to  the  Rockies.     (By  E.  D.  Palmer.) 

narqueUe        Pefe  Marquette.     The  statue,  sent  by  Wisconsin,  represents  the  mis- 
sionary explorer  in  the  dress  of  a  priest,  and  holding  a  chart  of  the  Lac 


-  «.•— I       - 


THE    CAPITOL    FRO 


BRARY    OF    CONGRESS. 


4Q  irasliiii^ion,  tJic  Xation's  Capital. 

statuary  <^s  Illinois.     The  inscription  reads:    "Wisconsin's  Tribute.     James  Mar 
Hall  (|iu-ttc,  S.  J.,  who,  with  Louis  Joliet,  discovered  the  Mississippi  River  at 

Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis.,  June  17,  1673."     (By  G.  Trentanove.) 

-uiiiu-nin-r-vr         John   Peter  Gabriel   Muhlenberg,  of   Pennsylvania,    1746-1807.     Major- 
General  in  Revolution;  Member  Congress;  Senator.    (Blanche  Nevin.) 
Pierpont         Francis  H.  Pierpont,  of  West  Virginia.     First  Governor.     (By  Frank- 
lin Simmons.) 

5herman  Roger  Sherman,  of  Connecticut,  1721-1793.  Member  committee  to  draft 
Declaration;  one  of  the  signers;  Member  Continental  Congress,  United 
States  Congress  and  Senate.  (By  C.  B.  Ives.) 

Shields  James  Shields,  of  Illinois,  1810-1879.  Mexican  War;  Senator  from  Illi- 
nois, 1849;  from  Minnesota,  1857;  General  in  Civil  War.  (By  L.  W.  Volk.) 
Stark  John  Stark,  of  New  Hampshire,  1728-1822.  New  Hampshire's  revo- 
lutionary hero;  led  a  regiment  at  Bunker  Hill;  took  part  in  many  of  the 
most  important  engagements  of  the  war.  It  was  at  Bennington,  where  he 
commanded  the  New  Hampshire  militia,  th'at  he  made  the  historic  speech : 
"See  there,  men ;  there  are  the  red-coats.  Before  night  they  are  ours, 
or  Molly  Stark  will  be  a  widow."  For  his  gallantry  on  that  occasion  he 
was  made  a  Brigadier-General.  His  portrait  is  in  Trumbull's  Surrender 
of  Burgoyne,  which  hangs  in  the  Rotunda.  (By  Conrad.) 

Stockton  Richard  Stockton,  of  New  Jersey,  1730-1781.  Member  of  Continental 
Congress;  signer  of  the  Declaration;  imprisoned  by  the  British,  and  sub- 
jected to  hardships  which  eventually  caused  his  death.  (By  H.  K.  Brown.) 
Trumbull  Jonathan  Trumbull,  of  Connecticut,  1710-1785.  Governor  of  Colony  of 
Connecticut,  and  first  Governor  of  the  State;  influential  leader  in  the 
Revolution,  and  fertile  in  resources;  a  close  friend  of  Washington,  who 
"relied  on  him  as  one  of  his  main  pillars  of  support,"  and  because  of  his 
skill  in  providing  the  sinews  of  war  gave  him  the  name  of  "Brother 
Jonathan,"  used  ever  since  as  the  nickname  of  the  United  States.  John 
Trumbull,  artist  of  the  Rotunda  paintings,  was  his  son.  (By  C.  V.  Ives.) 
Washington  George  Washington,  of  Virginia,  1732-1799.  This  is  a  plaster  cast. 
The  original,  of  white  marble,  is  in  the  Capitol  at  Richmond.  It  was 
ordered  by  the  Virginia  Assembly,  and  the  eminent  French  sculptor 
Houdon  was  intrusted  with  the  commission  through  Jefferson,  then  Min- 
ister to  France.  In  1785  Houdon  accompanied  Franklin  to  America,  and 
visited  Mount  Vernon  to  prepare  the  model.  It  is  life  size;  the  dress 
is  the  military  costume  of  the  Revolution.  Lafayette  pronounced  this  the 
best  representation  of  Washington  ever  made.  (By  Jean  Antoine  Houdon.) 
'1  he  inscription  was  written  by  James  Madison,  afterward  President : — 
'The  fleneral  Assembly  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Virginia  have  caused  this  statue 
o  be  erected  as  a  monument  of  affection  and  gratitude  to  GEORGE  WASHINGTON,  who, 
uniting  to  the  endowments  of  a  HERO  the  virtues  of  the  PATRIOT,  and  exerting  both  in 
establishing  the  liberties  of  his  country,  has  rendered  his  name  dear  to  his  fellow- 
itizens,  and  given  the  world  an  immortal  example  of  true  glory.  Done  in  the  year  of 
CHRIST  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty-eight,  and  in  the  year  of  the  Com- 
monwealth the  twelfth." 

Daniel  Webster,  of  New  Hampshire.  1782-1852.  Statesman,  orator,  the 
Great  Expounder  of  the  Constitution.  This  Hall  of  Representatives  has 
rung  with  his  doquence.  (By  Conrad.) 


4-' 


U'ashinglon,  (he  X  at  ion's  Capital. 


Willard 


Williams 


Winthrop 


Acoustics 


FRANCES    E.     WILLARD, 
The  first  woman  to  be  given  place  in  Statuary  Hall. 


Frances  Elizabeth  Willard,  of 
Illinois,  President  of  the  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  Union;  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Prohibi- 
tion Party;  President  of  the 
Woman's  Council  of  the  United 
States.* 

Roger  Williams,  of  Rhode  Island, 
1599-1683.  Founder  of  the  Colony ; 
apostle  of  religious  liberty.  (By 
Franklin  Simmons. 

John  Winthrop,  of  Massachu- 
setts, 1588-1649.  First  Governor 
of  the  Colony,  1629,  under  the 
new  charter.  (By  R.  S.  Green- 
ough.) 

The  Hall  has  some  extraordi- 
nary acoustic  properties,  by  which 
whispers  become  shouts,  and  per- 
sons may  converse  with  one  an- 
other while  their  faces  are  buried 
in  opposite  corners.  These  peculi- 
arities were  a  source  of  much  vexation  of  spirit  to  the  orators  who  de- 
bated here ;  but,  as  demonstrated  by  the  guides,  afford  entertainment  for 
the  visitor  of  to-day. 

The  variegated  marble  of  the  columns  contains  some  astonishing  nat- 
In  Stone  ura'  pictures,  perfect  forms  of  birds  and  animals,  and  human  faces,  among 
which  even  grave  Senators  are  wont  to  find  likenesses  of  their  associates. 

THE  HALL  OF  REPRESENTATIVES  is  a  legislative  chamber  unsurpassed 
in  the  world.  The  dimensions  are :  length  139-ft. ;  width,  93-ft. ;  height, 
3O-ft.  It  is  lighted  by  a  ceiling  of  glass  panels,  set  in  a  framework  of 
iron.  In  the  ceiling  are  painted  the  arms  of  the  States. 

The  Speaker's  desk,  of  white  marble,  occupies  an  elevated  position  in 
The  the  centre  of  the  south  side,  and  the  desks  of  the  Representatives  are  ar- 
House  ranged  in  concentric  semi-circles,  with  radiating  aisles.  A  silver  plate  on 
each  mahognay  desk  (in  House  and  Senate)  has  engraved  on  it  the  occu- 
pant's name.  In  front  of  the  Speaker's  desk  are  the  desks  and  tables  of 
the  clerks  and  official  reporters;  on  his  right  is  the  Sergeant-at-Arms;  on 
his  left,  the  Assistant  Doorkeeper.  The  Speaker's  Mace  is  set  on  its 
pedestal  of  Vermont  marble  at  the  right  of  the  desk. 

The  Mace  is  a  bundle  of  ebony  rods,  bound  together  with  ligaments  of 
silver,  and  having  on  top  a  silver  globe  surmounted  by  a  silver  eagle.  It 
resembles  the  fasces  borne  by  the  lictors  before  the  Roman  magistrates, 
and  is  the  symbol  of  the  Speaker's  authority.  The  Mace  is  always  placed 
on  its  pedestal  when  the  House  is  in  session,  and  is  laid  on  the  floor  when 
the  House  is  in  Committee  of  the  Whole.  The  Sergeant-at-Arms  bears 


Faces 


*Statue  not  in   place  at   thi»  writing. 


WASHINGTON    DECLINING    OVERTURES    FROM    CORNWALLIS    AT    YORKTOWN. 


44 


,  the  Xation's  Capital. 


the  symbol  before  him  when  executing  the  Speaker's  commands  to  enforce 
order,  or  to  conduct  a  member  to  the  bar  of  the  House. 

On  either  side  of  the  Speaker's  desk  are  full-length  portrails  of  Wash- 

Hous*  ini- ton  (by  Stuart,  copied  by  Vanderlin)  and  Lafayette  (by  Ary  Scheffer), 

'ln**  presented  to  Congress  by  Lafayette  on  his  last  visit  to  this  country.      A 

fresco  by  Brumidi  pictures  the  incident  at  Yorktown  when  Washington 

declined  overtures  from  Cornwallis  for  a  two  days'  cessation  of  hostilities. 

Clock        ()ver  l^e  mam  entrance  's  {he  famous  clock  whose  hands  are  turned 

back  on  the  last  day  of  the  session,  that  the  hour  of  adjournment  may  not 

be  marked  by  it  before  the  business  of  the  House  is  finished.     The  clock 

is  of  bronze,  with  figures  of  Pioneer  and  Indian,  and  American  eagle. 

Opening  off  from  the  Hall  back  of  the  Speaker's  desk  are  the  House 
Lobby  Lobby  and  the  Members'  Retiring  Rooms.  There  are  landscapes  by  Albert 
Bierstadt  picturing  The  Discovery  of  the  Hudson  by  Hendrik  Hudson  in 
1609,  and  the  Expedition  under  Vizcaino  Landing  at  Monterey  in  1601. 
The  walls  are  hung  with  portraits  of  former  Speakers.  Under  the  gal- 
leries are  the  cloak  rooms.  The  galleries  are  reached  from  the  east  and 
west  corridors  by  magnificent  stairways  of  Tennessee  marble. 
East  Facing  the  East  Stairway  is  Hiram  Powers'  marble  statue  of  Thomas 
5tairway  Jefferson.  Above  the  first  landing  hangs  Frank  B.  Carpenter's  picture  of 
the  First  Reading  of  the  Emancipation  Proclamation  before  the  Cabinet, 
Sept.  22,  1862.  The  portraits,  beginning  at  the  left,  are :  Edwin  M.  Stan- 
ton,  Secretary  of  War ;  Salmon  P.  Chase,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury ;  Abra- 
ham Lincoln,  President ;  Gideon  Welles,  Secretary  of  the  Navy ;  William 
H.  Seward  (seated),  Secretary  of  State;  Caleb  B.  Smith,  Secretary  of  the 
Interior;  Montgomery  Blair,  Postmaster-General;  Edward  Bates,  Attor- 
ney-General. The  picture  was  presented  to  the  United  States  by  Mrs. 
Mary  Elizabeth  Thompson  in  1878.  Alex.  H.  Stephens,  ex-Vice-President 
of  the  Confederacy,  then  a  Member  of  the  House,  was  one  of  the  orators 
of  its  reception.  In  the  corridor  above  are  portraits  of  Gunning  Bedford 
(of  the  Continental  Congress),  Charles  Carroll  (a  signer  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence)  and  Henry  Clay  (by  Neagle). 

West         At  tne  f°ot  °f  tne  West  Stairway  is  a  bronze  bust    (by  Vincenti)    of 
stairway  the  Chippewa  Chief,  Be-She-Ke.     On  the  wall  of  the  landing   (best  seen 
from   the   upper  corridor)    is    Emanuel    Leutze's   spirited   painting,   West- 
ward Ho!     It  has  for  its  legend  Bishop  Berkeley's  line: 

Westward  the  star  of  empire  takes  its  way, 

Westward  :"K'  mic^s  'ts  inspiration  in  a  phase  of  Western  settlement.  The  scene  is 
Ho!  laid  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  amid  whose  defiles  and  passes  an  immigrant 
tram  is  pushing  forward  to  a  fair  country  beyond.  The  picture  is  full  of 
life  and  action.  Below  is  Bierstad't  Golden  Gate,  harbor  of  San  Fran- 
cisco; and  in  the  borders  are  portraits  of  Daniel  Boone,  the  pioneer  of 
the  Southwest,  and  Capt.  Wm.  Clark,  of  the  Lewis  and  Clark  Expedition 
to  the  Columbia,  1803-6.  In  the  upper  corridor  hangs  a  portrait  of  Chief 
Justice  Marshall  (by  Brooke). 

Some  of  the  committee  rooms  opening  off  from  the  House  corridors 
merit  attention  for  their  adornment.    The  Ways  and  Means  Room  and  the 


SUPREME    COURT    ROOM. 


LEUTZES    WESTWARD    HO  ! 


46  H'ashington,  the  X  at  ion's  Capital. 

House  Appropriations  Rooms  are  handsomely  frescoed.  The  Military  Affairs 
Committee  Room  contains  a  series  of  paintings  of  the  forts  of  the  United  States.  In 
Rooms  tjie  t,asement  the  scheme  of  decoration  in  the  Territories  Room  is  of  West- 
ern Indian  and  wild  life,  and  the  Indian  Affairs  Room  has  a  collection  of 
paintings  by  Col.  Eastman  of  scenes  among  the  Sioux.  In  the  Agricul- 
tural Room,  elaborately  decorated  by  Brumidi,  are  pictured  Cincinnatus 
called  from  his  plow  to  the  Dictatorship  of  Rome,  and  Putnam  summoned 
to  his  part  in  the  Revolution.  Ancient  and  modern  harvest  scenes — Flora 
(Spring),  Ceres  (Summer),  Bacchus  (Autumn),  and  Boreas  (Winter) — 
portraits  of  Washington  and  Jefferson,  who  were  both  farmers,  and  other 
details  make  this  one  of  the  most  richly  adorned  rooms  of  the  building. 

Supreme  THE  SUPREME  COURT  ROOM,  designed  by  Latrobe  after  Greek  models, 
Coart  is  a  semi-circular  hall,  with  a  low-domed  ceiling  having  square  caissons 
of  stucco  work.  The  room  is  decorated  with  a  screen  of  Ionic  columns 
of  Potomac  marble,  the  white  capitals  modeled  after  those  of  the  Temple 
of  Minerva.  The  columns  form  a  loggia  and  support  a  gallery.  In  front 
of  them  is  the  Bench  of  the  Supreme  Court.  The  chair  of  the  Chief 
Justice  is  in  the  centre,  with  those  of  the  eight  Associates  on  either  side. 
Outside  of  the  space  reserved  for  Counsel  are  seats  for  spectators.  Ranged 
about  the  walls  is  a  series  of  busts  of  former  Chief-Justices:  John  Jay 
of  New  York,  1789-1795;  John  Rutledge  of  South  Carolina,  1795-1/95; 
Oliver  Ellsworth  of  Connecticut,  1796-1800;  John  Marshall  of  Virginia, 
1801-1835;  Roger  B.  Taney  of  Maryland,  1836-1864;  Salmon  P.  Chase  of 
Ohio,  1864-187.3;  Morrison  R.  Waite  of  Ohio,  1874-1888.  The  Supreme 
Court  Room  was  until  1859  the  Senate  Chamber. 

DIAGRAM  OF  THE  SUPREME  COURT. 


R 


GJ         , .         Q 


1.  Chief  Justice  Fuller.  2.  Mr.  Justice  Harlan.  3.  Mr.  Justice  Brewer.  4.  Mr. 
Justice  Drown.  5.  Mr.  Justice  White.  6.  Mr.  Justice  Pcckham.  1.  Mr.  Justice 
McKcnna.  8.  Mr.  Justice  Holmes.  9.  Mr.  Justice  Day.  10.  The  Clerk's  Desk. 
11.  The  Marshal's  Desk.  12.  The  Reporter's  Desk.  13.  The  Attorney-General's  Desk. 
14.  Counsel's  Desk. 

Senate  THE  SENATE  CHAMBER  is  a  spacious  hall,  H3-ft.  in  length,  82-ft.  wide, 
Chamber  and  lighted  by  a  ceiling  36-ft.  above  the  floor.  The  seats  of  the  Senators 
are  arranged  in  concentric  rows,  with  the  aisles  radiating  from  the  dais 
of  the  President's  desk  on  the  north  side.  On  the  right  of  the  President's 
chair  is  that  of  the  Sergeant-at-Arms,  on  the  left  that  of  the  Assistant 
Doorkeeper,  and  in  front  are  the  desks  of  the  clerks  and  official  reporters. 
The  room  is  surrounded  by  galleries,  whence  one  may  watch  the  proceed- 
ings. The  walls  are  richly  decorated  in  gold  arabesques  on  delicate  tints, 


The  Capitol 


SENATE  CHAMBER. 

with  buff  panels ;  and  the  glass  of  the  ceiling  is  filled  with  symbolism  of  Senate 
War,  Peace,  Union,  Progress,  the  Arts,  Sciences  and  Industries.  In  wall 
niches  around  the  galleries  are  marble  busts  of  the  Vice-Presidents 
(Presidents  of  the  Senate),  and  the  series  is  continued  in  the  various 
halls.  In  the  main  corridor  are  portraits  by  Stuart  of  Washington  and 
John  Adams ;  Patrick  Henry  by  Matthews,  Thomas  Jefferson  by  Darby, 
Daniel  Webster  and  Henry  Clay  by  Darby,  and  John  C.  Calhoun.  The 
mahogany  hall  clock  has  been  in  the  Capitol  since  1803.  Its  seventeen 
stars  were  for  the  seventeen  States  then  constituting  the  Union,  the  last 
star  being  for  Ohio,  admitted  in  1802. 

The  rooms  connected  with  the  Chamber  are  notable  for  richness  of 
material  of  construction  and  adornment.  They  are  the  President's  Room, 
Vice-President's  Room,  Senators'  Reception  Room,  Public  Reception 
Room,  and  Room  of  the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

The  Room  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  set  apart  for  the  use  President's 
of  the  President  on  his  visits  to  the  Capitol,  and  is  one  to  which  he  comes   Room 
in  the  closing  hours  of  the  session  to  sign  the  last  bills  before  adjourn- 
ment.    It  is  decorated  (by  Brumidi)  with  portraits  of  President  Washing- 
ton and  his  first  cabinet — Jefferson,  Hamilton,  Knox,  Randolph  and  Os- 
good ;  with  allegories  of  Liberty,  Religion,  Legislation  and  Executive  Au- 
thority ;  aftd  portraits  of  Columbus  with  emblems  of  Discovery,  Americus 


48 


i.  the  X  at  ion's  Capital. 


1.1  r  Me 

Koom 


Vice- 

President'* 
Room 


Reception 
Room 


District 
Room 


Corn 
and 

Tobacco 


Crawford 
Door 


(  Exploration),  William  Brewster  (Religion),  and  Benjamin 
l-ranklin  (History).  Note  the  way  in  which  the  figure  of  Religion  turns 
toward  one  from  whatever  part  of  the  room  it  is  seen. 

The  Senators'  Reception  Room,  known  as  the  Marble  Room,  because 
constructed  wholly  of  that  material,  has  stately  Corinthian  columns  of 
Italian  marble,  paneled  walls  of  Tennessee  marble,  and  ceiling  of  marble 
from  Vermont.  The  walls  are  set  with  mirrors. 

The  Room  of  the  Vice- President  of  the  United  States  (who  is  the 
President  of  the  Senate)  contains  Rembrandt  Peale's  portrait  of  Wash- 
ington ;  a  marble  bust  of  Vice- President  Henry  S.  Wilson,  whose  tragic 
death  occurred  in  this  room,  Nov.  22,  1875,  and  a  portrait  of  Lafayette 
S.  Foster,  acting  Vice- President  in  Andrew  Johnson's  term. 

The  Public  Reception  Room  is  a  richly  furnished  apartment,  decorated 
iji  oils  and  frescoes  by  Brumidi.  On  the  south  wall  is  a  painting  of  Presi- 
dent Washington  in  consultation  with  Thomas  Jefferson,  his  Secretary  of 
State,  and  Alexander  Hamilton,  his  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  The 
vaulted  ceiling  is  all  aglow  with  the  brilliant  colors  of  the  allegories  of 
War,  Peace,  Liberty,  Plenty,  Power,  Temperance,  Prudence  and  Justice. 

The  Room  of  the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  originally 
designed  for  the  Senate  Library,  has  in  the  vaulted  ceiling  Brumidi  fres- 
coes of  History,  Geography,  Science  and  the  Telegraph. 

The  columns  of  the  Senate  vestibule  have  Latrobe's  tobacco-leaf  capi- 
tals. Latrobe's  (sometimes  called  Jefferson's)  cornstalk  columns,  with 
capitals  of  corn  in  the  husk,  are  at  the  foot  of  the  East  Stairway  (near 
the  Supreme  Court  Room)  leading  to  the  basement.  They  have  in- 
geniously been  termed  the  "American  order"  of  architecture. 

From  the  Senate  vestibule  the  east  door  opens  upon  the  portico.  This 
is  the  Crawford  Bronze  Door  designed  by  the  American  sculptor  Thomas 
Crawford,  and  cast  at  Chicopce,  Mass.  See  illustration,  page  51. 

In  the  niches  of  the  corridor  are  busts  of  Vice-Presidents  Tyler,  John- 
son and  Wheeler. 


HALSALLS    MONITOR    AND    MERRIMAC. 


5o  Washington,  the  X  at  ion's  Capital. 

East         From  the  east  and  west  corridors  stairways  lead  to  the  Senate  Galleries. 
Corridor  The  East  Stairway,  of  Tennessee  marble,  is  lighted  by  a  richly  stained  sky- 
Paintings  light  over  the  landing.    At  the  foot  of  the  stairs  is  Hiram  Powers'  statue 
of  Benjamin  Franklin  (note  the  inimitable  shrewdness  of  the  expression), 
and  on  the  wall  of  the  landing  hangs  W.  H.  Powell's  spirited  painting  of 
the  Battle  of  Lake  Erie,  Sept.  13,  1813.     It  pictures  the  gallant  exploit  of 
Commodore  Perry,  transferring  his  colors  from  the  disabled  flagship  Law- 
rence to  the  Niagara,  in  the  face  of  a  terrific  cannonading.     It  was  after 
the  victory  won  here  that  Perry  dispatched  the  famous  message,  "We  have 
met  the  enemy  and  they  are  ours." 

In  the  corridor  and  halls  are  paintings:  Heaton's  Columbus  Leaving 
La  Rabida,  Thomas  Moran's  Canyons  of  the  Yellowstone  and  the  Colo- 
rado, HalsalPs  First  Fight  of  the  Iron-Clads  (Monitor  and  Merrimac, 
Hampton  Roads,  Va.,  March  9,  1862),  and  Mrs.  C.  A.  Fassett's  Florida 
Case  before  the  Electoral  Commission  (in  the  Senate  Chamber,  Feb.  5, 
1877).  The  last  contains  a  number  of  portraits  of  the  public  men  of  the 
Hayes-Tilden  period ;  a  key  to  the  picture  hangs  near  the  window. 

THE  ELECTORAL  COMMISSION  was  a  special  commission  created  by  Congress  in 
January,  1877,  to  decide  the  disputed  electoral  returns  of  the  Presidential  election  of 
1876.  It  was  composed  of  five  Senators,  five  Representatives  and  five  Justices  of  the 
Supreme  Court.  The  cases  submitted  to  it  were  those  of  Florida,  Louisiana,  South 
Carolina  and  Oregon.  From  each  of  these  States  double  or  multiple  sets  of  returns 
had  been  received;  and  the  election  depended  upon  which  should  be  accepted  and 
counted.  By  a  party  vote  of  8  to  7  the  Commission  decided  every  case  for  Hayes. 

There  is  here  also  a  series  of  four  old  paintings  by  John  B.  White : 
Gen.  Marion  inviting  a  British  officer  to  a  dinner  of  potatoes;  Mrs.  Motte 
preparing  to  fire  her  house;  Sergeants  Jasper  and  Newton;  Battle  of  Fort 
Moultrie,  June  28,  1776. 

There  are  portraits  in  mosaic  of  Abraham  Lincoln  and  James  A. 
Garfield,  and  in  oil  of  Charles  Sumner  (by  Ingalls)  and  Gen.  John  A.  Dix 
(by  Morrell).  The  Stars  and  Stripes  of  the  Dix  portrait  are  put  here  in 
commemoration  of  the  historic  dispatch  sent  by  him  as  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  to  Wm.  Hemphill  Jones,  in  New  Orleans,  Jan.  29,  1861 :  "If  any 
one  attempts  to  haul  down  the  American  flag,  shoot  him  on  the  spot." 
A  painting  of  Niagara  in  Winter  by  Regis  Gignoux  was  presented  by  Mrs. 
Carroll  in  memory  of  Charles  Carroll.  There  are  busts  of  Lincoln, 
Sumner,  Crawford,  Tyler,  Garibaldi,  Pulaski  and  Kosciuszko. 

(Note. — The  locations  of  objects  are  subject  to  change.) 

West  At  the  base  of  the  white  marble  West  Stairway  is  Story's  marble  statue 
Stairway  of  John  Hancock,  whose  name  is  first  in  the  list  of  signatures  of  the 
Declaration.  The  pedestal  is  inscribed:  "He  wrote  his  name  where  all 
nations  should  behold  it  and  all  time  should  not  efface  it."  On  the  land- 
ing is  James  Walker's  Storming  of  Chapultepec,  one  of  the  defences  of 
the  City  of  Mexico,  by  the  American  Army  under  Gen.  Scott,  Sept.  13, 
1847.  In  the  upper  corridor  is  Charles  Wilson  Peale's  Washington. 

Peale  was  an  officer  in  the  patriot  army,  and  while  in  camp  employed  his  leisure 
hours  in  painting.  He  began  the  picture  of  Washington  at  Valley  Forge,  obtained  the 
final  sitting  from  the  commander-in-chief  a  day  or  two  after  the  battle  of  Monmoulh, 


THE   CRAWFORD   DOOR — SENATE   PORTICO. 


The  panels  commemorate  the  Death  of  Warren  at  Bunker  Hill,  1775;  Washington's  Rebuke  of 
Gen.  Charles  Lee  at  Monmouth,  1778;  Hamilton's  Gallantry  at  Yorktown,  1781;  Washington's 
Reception  at  Trenton,  when  on  the  way  to  his  Inauguration  as  First  President,  1789;  Washing- 
ton's First  Inauguration,  1789;  Laying  the  Corner  Stone  of  the  Capitol,  Sept.  18,  1793.  The 
panels  below  contain  allegories  of  War  (struggle  between  a  Hessian  and  a  settler)  and  Peace. 


ll'nshin^tou.  the  Nation's  Capital. 


'  •  •«  •  •  1 1!™«  1 ' 

llllllllllLIII 


OFFICE    BUILDING    OF    THE    HOUSE    OF    REPRESENTATIVES 
Under  construction  southeast  of  the  Capitol. 

Peale's  an<*  finished  the  picture  at  Princeton.  Nassau  Hall  at  Princeton  is  shown  in  *he 
Washington  background,  with  a  body  of  British  prisoners.  The  sword  worn  by  Washington  is  the 
one  now  preserved  in  the  library  of  the  State  Department.  The  portrait  in  Yice- 
Prcsident's  Room  by  Rembrandt  Peale  (son  of  Charles  Wilson  Peale)  was  painted 
from  sittings  given  by  Washington  in  1795.  Lossing  records  that  it  "was  pronounced 
by  the  relatives  and  intimate  friends  of  Washington  the  best  likeness  of  Washington 
that  was  ever  painted." 

Bronze  Elaborate  bronze  stairways  (designed  by  Crawford)  lead  to  the  Senate 
Stairways  bisement,  whose  corridor  walls  and  ceilings  are  filled  with  frescoes,  and 
some  of  whose  committee  rooms  are  deserving  of  attention.  When  Con- 
gress is  in  session  the  bronze  stairways  are  reserved  for  the  use  of  the 
Senators  only;  visitors  should  take  the  stairs  leading  from  the  east  and 
west  corridors. 

Senate  Among  the  basement  decorations  are  arabesques,  allegorical  figures, 
Committee  birds  and  game,  tracery  of  vine  and  foliage,  the  Indian,  and  portraits  of 
distinguished  actors  and  notable  scenes  in  American  history.  America 
is  pictured  now  as  panoplied  for  war,  and  again  as  reading  from  the  Con- 
stitution. The  Room  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  (intended  for 
the  Committee  on  Agriculture)  has  above  the  door  a  painting  of  Columbus 
and  an  Indian  maiden,  and  on  its  walls  and  ceilings  are  some  exquivu- 
vine  and  fruit  pieces.  In  the  room  of  Military  Affairs  five  frescoes  (by 
Brumidi)  depict  the  Boston  Massacre,  the  Battle  of  Lexington,  the  Death 
of  Wooster,  Washington  at  Valley  Forge,  and  the  Storming  of  Stony 
Point.  Above  the  doors  of  the  Foreign  Relations  Room  is  a  fresco  copy 
df  West's  painting  of  the  Signing  of  Preliminary  Articles  of  Peace  between 
the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  at  Paris,  Nov.  13,  1782;  and  within 
are  portraits  of  Clay,  Allen,  Cameron  and  Sumner,  in  their  times  chairmen 
of  the  committee.  The  negotiations  between  the  United  States  and  France 
which  led  to  the  Louisiana  Purchase  (April  30,  1803),  give  the  theme  for 


The  Capitol. 


53 


the  exterior  decoration  of  the  Territories  Room.  Other  portraits  are  of 
Fulton,  over  the  door  of  the  Patents  Room;  Franklin,  over  that  of  the 
Post-Offices  and  Post-Roads  Room;  Fitch  (steamboat  inventor),  over  the 
Senate  Post-Office,  and  Las  Casas  (Apostle  to  the  American  Indians), 
facing  the  foot  of  the  west  stairway. 

Underneath  the  Rotunda  is  a  chamber  formed  by  a  colonnade  of  Doric 
columns  with  groined  ceiling.  A  star  in  the  floor  designates  the  centre  of 
the  Capitol.  A  crypt  below  was  designed  to  be  the  tomb  of  Washington, 
but  it  was  never  used  for  this  purpose. 

The  corner-stone  of  the  original  Capitol  is  to  the  right  of  the  Rotunda 
portico ;  it  may  be  reached  by  descending  the  flight  of  steps  on  the  right 
after  leaving  the  Rotunda  by  the  north  door.  It  is  imrked  with  a  beau- 
tiful bronze  memorial  tablet,  set  in  place  in  1895. 

An  office  building  for  the  use  of  members  of  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives is  under  construction,  to  occupy  the  block  on  B  street,  between  Xew 
Jersey  Avenue  and  First  Street,  southeast  of  the  Capitol. 

In  1904  certain  descendants  of  the  French  officers  who  fought  in  the 
American  Revolution  presented  to  this  country  a  bronze  bust  of  Washing- 
ton, by  David  d'Angers,  to  replace  one  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  the 
Capitol  in  1851. 


Senate 

Committee 

Rooms 


Crypt 


Corner 
Stone 


House 
Office 
Building 

D'Angers 
Bust 


TI1K    I'KESIDKXTS    ROOM. 


THE    ROTUNDA— READING    ROOM. 


Melpomene,   Muse   of  Tragedy. 

THE  LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS 

And  its  Mural  Decorations. 

***  The  eighty-six  key  pictures  of  paintings  and  architecture  are  miniatures  from  the  volume  of 
reproductions  entitled  "  Book  of  the  Paintings  of  the  Library  of  Congress,"  published  by  Foster  & 
Reynolds,  who  publish  also  The  Library  Paintings  reproduced  in  the  original  colors. 

***  For  public  cafe  and  lunch  room  take  elevator  to  top  floor. 

THE  Library  grounds  adjoin  those  of    the   Capitol.     The    building 
faces  west  upon  First  street,  and  the  outer  walls  have  a  frontage 
upon    four    streets    (First,  East    Capitol,    Second    and    B    streets). 
The  grounds  and  the  seventy  residences  upon  them  cost  $585,000. 
The  foundations  were  laid  in  1888,  and  the  building  was  begun  in  1889,  and  was 
completed  1897.    The  net  cost,  exclusive  of  site,  was  $6,032,124.54. 

The  original  architectural  plans  were  prepared  by  the  firm  of  Smithmeyer 
&  Pelz.  These  were  modified  by  those  of  Edward  Pearce  Casey. 

The  building  is  of  the  Italian  Renaissance  order  of  architecture;  it  has 
three  stories,  with  a  dome;  and  is  in  area  47oX34O-ft.,  covering  nearly  3^ 
acres  of  ground,  with  four  large  inner  courts,  150  by  75  to  ioo-ft.,  and  nearly 
2,000  windows  render  it  the  best  lighted  library  in  the  world. 

The  plan  and  arrangement  are  shown  in  our  diagram.  The  building  con- 
sists of  a  great  central  rotunda,  which  is  the  reading-room ;  from  which  radi- 
ate book-stacks,  and  which  is  inclosed  in  a  parallelogram  of  galleries  and 
pavilions.  The  building  material  employed  is  for  the  exterior  walls  white 
granite  from  New  Hampshire,  and  for  the  inner  courts  Maryland  granite  and 
white  enameled  bricks. 

There  are  three  stories.  On  the  ground  floor  are  the  copyright  office, 
reading  room  for  the  blind,  and  superintendent's  office.  The  first  floor  con- 
tains the  reading  room  (where  the  books  are  consulted),  the  librarian's 
room,  periodical  reading  room,  Senate  and  Representatives'  reading  room, 
and  map  room.  The  pavilions  and  galleries  of  the  second  floor  are  devoted  to 


56  The  Library  of  Congress. 

exhibits  of  engravings  and  other  collections,  including  rare  books,  first  edi- 
tions, portraits  of  the  Presidents  and  other  personages. 

Exterior  Decorations. — The  Dome  is  finished  in  black  copper,  with  panels 
gilded  with  a  thick  coating  of  gold  leaf.  The  cresting  of  the  Dome  above  the 
lantern,  i9S-ft.  from  the  ground,  terminates  in  a  gilded  finial,  representing  the 
torch  of  Science,  ever  burning. 

'  The  thirty-three  windows  of  the  corner  pavilion  and  of  the  west  faqade 
have  carved  heads  representing  the  several  races  of  men.  The  types  are : 
Russian  Slav,  Blonde  European,  Brunette  European,  Modern  Greek,  Persian, 
Circassian,  Hindoo,  Hungarian,  Jew,  Arab,  Turk,  Modern  Egyptian,  Abyssin- 
ian, Malay,  Polynesian,  Australian,  Negrito,  Zulu,  Papuan,  Soudan  Negro, 
Akka,  Fuegian,  Botocudo,  Pueblo  Indian,  Esquimau,  Plains  Indian,  Samo- 
yede,  Corean,  Japanese,  Aino,  Burmese,  Thibetan,  Chinese. 

The  Bronze  Fountain,  by  Hinton  Perry,  represents  the  Court  of  Neptune, 
with  conch-blowing  tritons,  sea  nymphs,  sea  horses,  serpents,  frogs  and  turtles. 

The  Entrance  Pavilion  has  sixteen  rounded  pillars  with  Corinthian  capitals. 
Four  colossal  Atlantes  support  the  pediment,  on  which  are  sculptured  Ameri- 
can eagles,  with  supporting  figures  of  children.  In  the  windows  are  nine 
colossal  portrait-busts  in  granite :  Emerson  and  Irving,  by  Hartley ;  Goethe, 
Franklin  and  Macaulay,  by  Ruckstuhl ;  Haivthorne,  by  Hartley ;  Scott,  by 
Adams ;  Demosthenes  and  Dante,  by  Adams.  The  sculptures  over  the  en- 
trances by  Bela  L.  Pratt  typify  Literature,  Science  and  Art 

The  Bronze  Doors. 

Bronze  Door — Printing. — By  Frederick  Macmonnies. — Minerva  presiding 
over  the  "Diffusion  of  the  Products  of  the  Typographical  Art."  Two  winged 
figures  of  youthful  genii  are,  as  her  envoys,  conveying  to  mankind  the  bless- 
ings of  learning  and  literature.  By  Minerva's  side  is  her  owl;  other  sugges- 
tions are  the  hour-glass,  the  old-fashioned  printing  press,  the  stork  (as  the 
bird  of  home),  and  a  Pegasus.  The  legend:  "Homage  to  Gutenberg."  (Gu- 
tenberg was  the  inventor  of  printing,  Germany,  1400-1468.)  In  the  panels 
idealizations  are  of  Intellect  and  Humanities. 


Bronze   Fountain— Court   of   Neptune. 


The  Library  of  Congress. 


Bronze  Door — Tradition. 


Bronze  Door  —  Writing.  —  By  Olin  L.  Warner.—  A 
mother  is  instructing  her  children  from  the  written 
record  of  the  scroll.  On  one  side  is  an  Egyptian 
scribe  with  his  stylus,  and  a  Jewish  patriarch;  on 
the  other,  a  Greek  with  a  lyre  and  a  Christian  with 
the  cross.  In  the  panels  are  Truth  with  mirror 
and  serpent  and  Research  with  torch. 
Bronze  Door  —  Tradition.  —  By  Olin  L.  Warner.  — 
Tradition  is  typified  as  a  woman  reciting  her 
story  to  a  boy.  Listening  to  the  tale  are  four 
representative  types  of  mankind  —  a  Norse  war- 
rior, with  winged  cap  and  battle-axe;  a  shep- 
herd with  his  crook  ;  a  primitive  man  with  his  stone 
axe,  and  an  American  Indian  with  his  arrows. 
The  Indian  figure  is  a  portrait  of  Chief 
Joseph  of  the  Nez  Perces.  In  the  left  panel  is 


Imagination  with  the  lyre,  emblematic  of  recitation  and  scng;  in  the  right 
stands  widowed  Memory  clasping  the  sword  and  helmet  of  her  dead.  The 
genii  below  support  the  wings  of  Imagination  and  the  memorial  urn. 

Entrance  Pavilion— Vestibule. 

The  Minerva  of  Defensive  War  and  the  Minerva  of  Wisdom  and  the  Liberal 
Arts,  sculptural  figures,  by  Herbert  Adams,  are  repeated  in  eight  pairs.  The 
white  marble  of  the  vestibule  is  from  Italy.  The  gold  of  the  ceiling  is  like 
that  of  the  dome,  22-carats  fine. 

Entrance  Pavilion — Grand  Stair  Hall. 

The  Central  Stair  Hall  is  a  magnificent  apartment,  unsurpassed  by  any 
other  entrance  hall  in  the  world.  It  is  lined  throughout  with  fine  Italian 
marble,  highly  polished.  On  the  sides  rise  lofty  rounded  columns,  with  ela- 
borate carved  capitals  of  Corinthian  design ;  while  the  arches  are  adorned 
with  marble  rosettes,  palm  leaves  and  foliated  designs  of  exquisite  finish  and 
delicacy.  The  great  height  of  this  entrance  hall,  rising  72-ft.  to  the  skylight, 


PLAN   OF  THE  FIRST  FLOOR  AND  DECORATIONS. 


6o 


The  Library  of  Congress. 


with  its  vaulted  ceiling,  and  the  grand  double  staircase,  with  its  white  marble 
balustrades  leading  up  on  either  side,  exhibit  an  architectural  effect  which 
may  fitly  be  termed  imposing.  The  newel  posts  of  the  stairway  are  enriched 
by  beautiful  festoons  of  leaves  and  flowers,  and  are  surmounted  by  two  bronze 
lamp-bearers  for  dectric  lights.  The  staircases  are  ornamented  with  twenty- 
six  miniature  marble  figures  by  Martiny,  carved  in  relief,  representing  in  em- 
blematic sculpture  the  various  arts  and  sciences.  This  beautiful  and  spacious 
entrance  hall  has  been  described  as  "a  vision  in  polished  stone,"  and,  taken  in 
connection  with  the  grand  corridors  and  the  richly  decorated  Reading  Room, 
the  Library  may  be  pronounced  the  finest  marble  interior  in  America. 
Commemorative  Arch. — The  spandrel  figures  by  Warner  are  of  Students,  one 
a  boy,  the  other  an  old  man,  for  books  are  alike  for  the  instruction  of  youth 
and  solace  of  age.  The  panel,  with  fasces  and  eagle  on  either  side,  records : 

Erected  under  the  lets  of  Congress  of  April  15,  1886;  October  2,  1888,  and  March  2,  1889,  by 
Brig.-Gen.  Thos.  Lincoln  Casey,  Chief  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.  Bernard  R.  Green,  Supt.  and  hngi- 
neer.  John  L.  Smithmeyer,  Architect.  Paul  J.  Pelz,  Architect.  Edward  Pearce  Casey,  Architect. 

Martiny  Staircases. — In  the  south  stairway  railing  the  sculptures  are:  Me- 
chanic with  cog-wheel,  Hunter  with  rabbit,  Vintager  with  grapes  and  wine 
glass,  Farmer  with  sickle  and  sheaf  of  wheat,  Fisherman  with  rod  and  fish, 
Soldier  with  helmet,  Chemist  with  blowpipe,  and  Cook  with  steaming  pot. 
The  buttress  figures  are  of  America  and  Africa,  supporting  a  globe  showing 
these  continents.  On  the  balustrade  above  are  Comedy,  Tragedy  and  Poetry. 

The  figures  of  the  north  stairway  are :  Gardener  with  rake  and  spade,  En- 
tomologist with  net  and  specimen  case,  Student  with  mortar-board  cap  and 
book,  Printer  in  paper  cap  with  press  and  type,  Musician  with  lyre  and  music 
book,  Physician  with  mortar,  retort  and  serpent,  Electrician  with  telephone 
and  electric  light,  Astronomer  with  telescope,  globe  and  compasses.  On  the 
buttress  are  Europe  (with  lyre,  book  and  column)  and  Asia  (with  dragon 
vase).  The  balustrade  figures  are  Painting,  Architecture  and  Sculpture. 

In  the  cove  of  the  ceiling  are  Martiny's  flying  half-figures  supporting  the 
device  of  lamp  and  book.  Tablets  bear  the  names  of  Moses,  Herodotus,  Dante, 
Homer,  Milton,  Bacon,  Aristotle,  Goethe,  Shakespeare,  Moliere;  Cervantes, 
Hugo,  Scott,  Cooper,  Longfellow,  Tennyson,  Gibbon,  Bancroft. 
The  Points  of  the  Compass  radiate  from  a  conventional  sun  inlaid  in  brass 
in  the  floor,  surrounded  by  the  Signs  of  the  Zodiac.  The  Building  faces  west. 


Europe  and  Asia. 


America  and  Africa. 


Grand  Stair  Hall. 


THE   NORTH    STAIRWAY    IN   THE   CENTRAL    STAIR   HALL. 


62 


The  Library  of  Congress. 


The  Muse  of  Lyric  Poetry. 

Entrance  Pavilion — South  Hall. 

Poetry.— By  H.  O.  Walker.  In  Lyric  Poetry,  the  central  figure  is  an  ideali- 
zation of  the  Muse,  laurel-crowned  and  striking  the  lyre.  She  is  attended  by 
Passion  with  arm  upraised  responding  to  the  strains,  Beauty,  and  Mirth, 
Pathos  with  eyes  raised  to  heaven,  Truth,  and  Devotion  with  bowed  head. 
Poets'  Boys. — Six  paintings  present  ideals  of  youthful  subjects  of  the  poets: 


Uriel. 


Boy  of  \Yinander. 


Emerson— Uriel. 


This  was  the  lapse  of  Uriel, 
Which  in  Paradise  befell, 
Once  among  the  Pleiads  walking, 
Said  overheard  the  young  gods  talking. 
One,  with  low  tones  that  decide. 
And  doubt  and  reverend  use  defied, 
\Yith  a  look  that  solved  the  sphere. 
And  stirred  the  devils  everywhere, 
Gave  his  sentiment  divine 
Against  the  being  of  a  line: 


"Line  in  nature  is  not  found. 
Unit  and  Universe  are  round; 
In  vain  produced,  all  rays  return, 
Evil  will  bless  and  ice  will  burn." 

As  Uriel  spoke  with  piercing  eye, 

A  shudder  ran  around  the  sky; 

The  stern  old  war-gods  shook  their  heads, 

The  seraphs  frowned  from  myrtle-beds. 


THERE  was  a  Boy;  ye  knew  him  well,  ye 

cliffs 

And  islands  of  Winander! — many  a  time, 
At  evening,  when  the  earliest  stars  began 
To  move  along  the  edges  of  the  hills, 
Rising  or  setting,  would  he  stand  alone, 
Beneath   the   trees,   or   by  the   glimmering 

lake; 
And   there,   with    fingers   interwoven,   both 

hands 
Pressed   closely   palm   to   palm   and   to  his 

mouth 

Uplifted,  he,  as  through  an  instrument, 
Blew  mimic  hootings  to  the  silent  owls. 
That  thev  might  answer  him. — And  they 

would  shout 
Across  the  watery  vale,  and  shout  again, 


Wordsworth— The  Boy  of  Winander. 


Responsive  to  his  call,  with  quivering  peals, 
And  long  halloos,  and  screams,  and  echoes 

loud 

Redoubled  and  redoubled;  concourse  wild 
Of  jocund  din!     And,  when  there  came  a 

pause 

Of  silence  such  as  baffled  his  best  skill : 
Then,  sometimes,  in  that  silence,  while  he 

hung 

Listening,  a  gentle  shock  of  mild  surprise 
Has  carried  far  into  his  heart  the  voice 
Of  mountain  torrents;  or  the  visible  scene 
Would  enter  unawares  into  his  mind 
With  all  its  solemn  imagery,  its  rocks, 
Its   woods,   and   that   uncertain   heaven   re- 
ceived 
Into  the  bosom  of  the  steady  lake. 


Hall  of  the  Poets. 


This  boy  was  taken  from  his  mates,  and  died 
In  childhood,  ere  he  was  full  twelve  years 

old. 

Pre-eminent  in  beauty  is  the  vale 
Where  he  was  born  and  bred:  the  church- 
yard hangs 


Upon  a  slope  above  the  village  school; 
And,    through    that    churchyard    when    my 

way  has  led 

On  summer  evenings,  I  believe,  that  there 
A  long  half-hour  together  I  have  stood 
Mute — looking  at  the  grave  in  which  he  lies ! 


Comus. 


Adonis. 


Milton — Comus. 


COMUS,  the  enchanter,  in  the  wood  at  night,  listens  to  the  song  of  The  Lady,  and  at 
its  conclusion  exclaims: 

Can  any  mortal  mixture  of  earth's  mould 
Breathe  such  divine,  enchanting  ravishment? 

Shakespeare— Adonis. 

ADONIS,  the  young  hunter  loved  by  Venus,  unmindful  of  the  entreaties  of  the  goddess, 
left  her  side  to  hunt  the  wild  boar,   by  which  he  was  slain.     Venus  discovers  him. 

She  looks  upon  his  lips,  and  they  are  pale; 
She  takes  him  by  the  hand,  and  that  is  cold; 
She  whispers  in  his  ears  a  heavy  tale, 
As  if  they  heard  the  woeful  words  she  told; 
She  lifts  the  coffer-lids  that  close  his  eyes, 
Where,  lo,  two  lamps,  burnt  out,  in  darkness  lies. 

"Wonder  of  Time,"  quoth  she,  "this  is  my  spite 

That,   thou   being   dead,   the   day    should   yet   be   light!" 


Endymion. 


Ganymede. 


Keats— Endymion. 


The  story  runs  that  from  her  silver  chariot  of  the  moon,  Diana  beheld  the  shepherd 
boy  Endymion  asleep  upon  Mount  Latmos;  and  enamored  of  his  beauty,  descended  to 
press  a  kiss  upon  his  lips.  Night  after  night  in  her  course  across  the  heavens,  the  god- 
dess paused  to  caress  the  youth;  and  Endymion,  each  time,  but  partially  awakened,  was 
conscious  of  her  presence  only  as  the  sweet  vision  of  a  dream. 

Tennyson— Ganymede. 

When  Jupiter  came  down  to  earth,  to  seek  a  successor  to  Hebe  as  Cupbearer  to  the 
Gods,  he  took  the  form  of  an  eagle,  and  flying  over  Mount  Ida,  saw  the  Trojan  Prince 
Ganymede,  whom  he  carried  off  to  Olympus.  Tennyson  in  his  "Palace  of  Art"  de- 
scribes, as  among  the  pictures  decorating  its  walls,  one  of  Ganymede  borne  aloft  by  the 
eagle — 

Or  else  flushed  Ganymede,  his  rosy  thigh 

Half-buried  in  the  Eagle's  down. 

Sole  as  a  flying  star  shot  thro'  the  sky 

Above  the  pillar'd  town. 


The  Library  of  Congress. 


Joy  and  Memory  are  idealized  in 
the  painting  above  the  arch  in  the 
west  wall.  Joy  is  attended  by  a  boy 
with  a  lamb;  Memory  sits  by  a  sculp- 
tured marble.  The  composition  sym- 
bolizes the  dual  office  of  poetry  as 
giving  expression  to  the  joyousness 
Joy  and  Memory.  of  jjfe  and  as  commemorating  the  men 

and  the  deeds  of  the  past.    The  inscription  is  from  Wordsworth : 

The  Poets,  who  on  earth  have  made  us  heirs 
Of  truth  and  pure  delight  by  heavenly  lays. 

In  the  mosaic  ceiling  are  names  of  poets :  Theocritus,  Pindar,  Anacreon, 
Sappho,  Catullus,  Horace,  Petrarch,  Ronsard,  Longfellow,  Lowell,  Whittier, 
Bryant,  Whitman,  Poe,  Browning,  Shelley,  Byron,  Musset,  Hugo,  Heine. 

South  Curtain  Corridor. 

Greek  Heroes. — By  Walter  McEwen.  The  paintings  have  for  their  themes 
incidents  in  the  Greek  myths  of  Paris,  Jason,  Bellerophon,  Orpheus,  Per- 
seus, Prometheus,  Theseus,  Achilles  and  Hercules. 

Paris. — When  Juno,  Minerva  and  Venus  contended  as  to  which  was  the 
fairest,  they  left  the  decision  to  Paris,  a  shepherd  boy  on  Mount  Ida.  To 
influence  him,  Juno  promised  him  power,  Minerva  martial  glory,  and  Venus  the 
most  beautiful  woman  in  the  world.  He  decided  in  favor  of  Venus,  and  she 
gave  him  Helen,  wife  of  Menelaus,  King  of  Sparta.  Paris  accordingly  repaired 
to  the  court  of  Menelaus,  and  Helen  eloped  with  him  to  Troy.  The  Greeks, 
making  the  cause  of  Menelaus  their  own,  besieged  Troy  to  recover  Helen, 
and  the  Trojan  War  followed. 

Theseus  sailed  with  a  company  of  Athenian  youths  and  maidens  who  were 
sent  as  a  tribute  to  King  Minos  of  Crete  to  be  given  over  to  the  Minotaur, 
a  monster  half-bull  and  half  human,  which  fed  on  human  flesh.  Ariadne, 


Paris  at  the  Court  of  Menelaus  and  Helen. 


The  Greek  Heroes. 


Prometheus  Theseus. 

the  daughter  of  Minos,  fell  in  love  with  Theseus,  and  gave  him  the  clue  of 
the  labyrinth,  by  which  he  was  enabled  to  reach  and  slay  the  Minotaur. 
Ariadne  set  sail  with  the  hero  for  Athens;  but  on  the  way,  at  the  isle  of 
Naxos,  Minerva,  in  a  dream,  directed  Theseus  to  desert  her,  and  in  obedience 
to  the  command  he  sailed  away  and  left  Ariadne  sleeping. 
Prometheus  having  stolen  fire  from  heaven,  Jupiter  created  the  first  woman, 
Pandora,  for  the  punishment  of  mankind,  and  sent  her  to  Prometheus.  He 
refused  her,  and  vainly  cautioned  his  brother  Epimetheus  not  to  accept  her. 


Achilles. 


Hercules. 


Pandora  holds  the  fateful  box,  from  which  were  to  be  let  fly  into  the  world 
all  human  ills,  only  Hope  remaining  to  bless  mankind. 

Hercules  having  killed  a  man  was  condemned  to  serve  Omphale,  the  Queen 
of  Lydia,  as  a  slave.  Appareled  in  feminine  dress,  the  hero  was  put  to  spin- 
ning and  other  woman's  tasks. 

Achilles  was  disguised  by  his  mother  as  a  school  girl  and  sent  to  a  distant 
court  in  order  that  he  might  not  be  enlisted  in  the  Trojan  War.  The  wily 
Ulysses  set  out  to  find  him,  and  assuming  the  character  of  a  peddler  displayed 
his  wares.  The  girls  chose  feminine  trinkets,  but  Achilles  was  attracted  to 
a  man's  shield  and  casque,  and  thus  revealed  himself. 


Bellerophon. 


Perseus. 


66  The  Library  of  Congress. 


Jason.  Orpheus. 

Bellerophon,  commissioned  to  slay  the  Chimaera,  a  monster  with  lion's  head, 
goat's  body  and  dragon's  tail,  receives  from  Minerva  the  golden  bridle  of  the 
winged  horse  Pegasus,  by  whose  aid  he  is  to  accomplish  the  task. 
Perseus  was  sent  by  King  Polydectes  to  slay  the  Gorgon,  Medusa,  a  crea- 
ture of  aspect  so  terrible  that  whoever  looked  upon  her  face  was  turned  to 
stone.  By  the  aid  of  Minerva  Perseus  beheaded  the  Gorgon,  and  returned  to 
the  court  of  Polydectes,  as  that  monarch  was  celebrating  with  a  banquet  a 
forced  marriage  with  Danae,  the  mother  of  Perseus.  The  hero  came  just  in 
time  to  rescue  his  mother  by  confronting  the  King  and  his  company  with 
the  Gorgon's  head  and  so  turning  them  into  stone. 

Jason  was  the  leader  of  the  expedition  of  the  Argonauts,  who  went  in  quest 
of  the  Golden  Fleece.  This  was  the  fleece  of  a  ram,  which  was  preserved  by 
the  King  of  Colchis,  and  guarded  by  a  dragon.  By  the  aid  of  the  sorceress 
Medea,  Jason  was  successful  and  brought  the  Fleece  back  to  Athens. 
Orpheus,  having  failed  to  bring  back  his  wife  Eurydice  from  the  realms 
of  Pluto,  retired  to  Mount  Athos.  Here  his  solitude  was  invaded  by  the 
Thracian  women  celebrating  their  Bacchic  rites ;  and  when  he  repelled  their 
advances,  in  their  fury  they  stoned  him  to  death. 

Representatives'  Reading  Room. 

Mosaic  Mantels. — By  Frederick  Dielman.  The  mantels  of  Italian  marble 
are  the  richest  and  most  beautiful  adornments  of  the  building.  The  mosaic 
panels  (exceeding  7  feet  by  3  feet  in  size)  have  for  subjects  Law  and  History. 

Law,  a  woman  of  radiant  countenance  and  wearing  the  aegis,  is  enthroned 
upon  a  dais.  At  her  feet  are  doves  of  peace,  the  bound  volume  of  the  sta- 
tutes, and  the  scales  of  justice.  She  holds  a  palm  branch  toward  Truth  with 
her  lilies,  Peace  with  twig  of  olive,  and  Industry  with  artisan's  cap  and  ham- 
mer; and  interposes  a  sword  against  skulking  Fraud,  Discord  with  malign 
serpents,  and  Violence  with  sword  and  torch. 

History.— In  the  center  stands  the  Muse  of  History  with  recording  pen  and. 
gold-clasped  volume.  In  the  panels  are  names  of  great  historians:  Herod- 
otus, Thucydides,  Polybius,  Livy,  Tacitus,  Baeda,  Comines,  Hume,  Gibbon, 
Niebuhr,  Guizot,  Ranke,  Bancroft,  Motley.  On  the  left  side  sits  Mythology 
with  recording  stylus  and  globe  symbolic  of  the  myths  of  the  worlds.  Beside 
her  are  a  winged  Sphinx  and  Pandora's  box.  On  the  right  is  the  venerable 
figure  of  Tradition,  and  by  her  with  a  lyre  sits  a  youthful  poet,  who  will  sing 
the  story  that  she  tells.  In  the  distance  back  of  Mythology,  rise  the  Pyramids 


Representatives'  Reading  Room. 


67 


Mosaic  Mantel — Law. 

of  Egypt,  back  of  History  the  Parthenon  of  Greece,  and  beyond  Tradition 
the  Colosseum  of  Rome. 

The  oak  tympanums  over  the  doors  are  by  C.  H.  Niehaus  with  mo- 
tives of  Minerva's  owl  and  the  American  eagle. 

Pictorial  Spectrum  ot  Light. — Carl  Gutherz  has  painted  in  ceiling  panels 
idealizations  of  the  seven  primary  colors :  Indigo,  the  Light  of  Science. 
Blue,  the  Light  of  Truth.  Green,  the  Light  of  Research.  Yellow,  the  Light 
of  Creation.  Orange,  the  Light  of  Progress.  Red,  the  Light  of  Poetry. 
Violet,  the  Light  of  State. 

Senate  Reading  Room. 

The  Senate  Reading  Room  ceiling  is  decorated  with  a  gold  ground  on  which 
are  floating  female  figures.  Above  the  mantel  is  carved  the  shield  of  the 
Union  surmounted  by  the  American  Eagle.  (By  Adams.) 


Mosaic  Mantel— History. 


The  Library  of  Congress. 


Entrance  Pavilion— Reading  Room  Lobby. 

Government  of  the  Republic  and  the  results  of  good  and  bad  administration 

are  symbolized  by  Elihu  Vedder  in  five  paintings  as  follows : 

Government,  majestic  of  mien  and  laurel-crowned,  holds  the  scepter,  and  a 

tablet,  on  which  is  Lincoln's  characterization :     "A  government  of  the  people, 

by  the  people,  for  the  people."    Genii  bear  the  sword  of  authority  and  the  bridle 

of  restraint.    The  oak  typifies  strength. 

Good  Administration,  the  genius  of  America,  is  seated  beneath  an  arch,  of 

which  each  stone  fills  its  office  of  support  for  all  the  others,  as  every  State 


Government. 


Good  Administration. 


must  contribute  to  the  upholding  of  the  Union.     She  holds,  evenly  balanced, 

the  scales  of  justice,  and  supports  a  shield  whose  divisions  represent  the  idea 

of  political  parties.     In  her  lap  is  the  open  book  of  the  laws.     To  one  ballot 

urn  comes  a  youth  to  cast  his  vote;  his  books  indicate  that  intelligence  must 

qualify    for    the    franchise.     Into    the 

other  urn,  public  opinion  winnows  the 

wheat  from  the  chaff.    The  fig  tree  and 

the  wheat  fields  indicate  domestic  tran- 

quility.     Gcod  administration    insures 

peace  and  prosperity. 

Peace  and  Prosperity    are    symbolized 

by    a    goddess    who    extends    laurel 

wreaths    in    token    of    encouragement 

and   reward   to   Agriculture  and   Art 

In  the  background  is  the  olive  tree. 

Corrupt  Legislation  has  gathered  to  herself  cornucopias  of  gold,  the  sources  of 

which  are  shown  by  the  corruptionist  placing  his  bribe  in  her  sliding  scale. 

That  the  Briber  has  purchased  legislation  is  indicated  by  the  book  of  the  law 

which  he  holds  on  his  own  lap,  and  by  the  overthrown  ballot  urn  at  his  feet. 


Peace  and  Prosperity. 


Corrupt  Leg 


Anarchy. 


The  Book  Series. 


69 


The  Cairn. 


Oral  Tradition. 


The  strong  box,  the  coin  and  the  busy  factories  tell  of  his  prosperity.  Honest 
Industry,  with  empty  distaff,  sues  for  recognition  in  vain.  The  factory  chim- 
neys in  the  distance  are  smokeless.  The  flying  leaves  of  the  vine  presage  decay. 
Anarchy,  holding  aloft  as  a  brand  the  flaming  scroll  of  the  Constitution  and 
clutching  the  cup  of  madness,  is  here  the  presiding  genius  amid  universal 
wreck  and  ruin.  Serpents  are  twisted  in  her  hair.  One  foot  rests  upon  the 


Hieroglyphics. 


The  Pictograph. 


downfallen  arch  of  the  State;  with  the  other  she  is  spurning  religion,  learn- 
ing, art  and  law.  Ignorance  and  Violence  are  assisting  in  the  overthrow.  The 
broken  mill  and  cog  wheels  typify  the  ruin  of  industries.  The  tree  is  withered 
and  dead.  The  bomb  with  fuse  alight  foretells  the  end. 

Entrance  Pavilion— East  Hall. 

The  Evolution  of  the  Book. — By  John  W.  Alexander.  A  series  of  six  panels : 
i.  The  Cairn  erected  by  prehistoric  man  on  the  seashore,  a  mere  heap  of 
boulders  to  commemorate  some  notable  event.  2.  Oral  Traditions. — The  Ori- 
ental story-teller,  relating  his  tale  to  a  group  of  absorbed  listeners.  3.  Hiero- 
glyphics chiseled  upon  the  face  of  a  monumental  tomb  by  the  Egyptian  stone- 
cutter. 4.  The  Pictograph,  or  picture  writing,  by  which  the  primitive  Ameri- 
can Indian  records  on  the  painted  buffalo  robe  his  rude  story  of  the  war  trail 


The  Manuscript. 


The  Printing  Press. 


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The  Library  of  Congress. 


Xorth  Hall  of  Entrance  Pavilion. 


and  the  chase.  5.  The  Manuscript 
engrossed  and  illuminated  by  the 
monastic  scribes  of  the  Middle  Ages. 
6.  The  Printing  Press.— Gutenberg, 
the  inventor  of  printing,  is  reading  a 
proof  which  has  just  come  from  the 
press. 

The  Ceiling  Decorations  are  em- 
blems of  arts  and  sciences,  with 
names  of  Americans  who  have 
achieved  distinction  in  them:  Archi- 
tecture— Latrobe,  Walter,  architects 

of  the  Capitol.  Music — Mason,  Gottschalk.  Painting — Stuart,  Allston. 
Sculpture  —  Powers,  Crawford.  Poetry  —  Emerson,  Holmes.  Natural 
Science  —  Say,  Dana.  Mathematics  —  Pierce,  Bowditch.  Astronomy — 
Bond,  Rittenhouse.  Engineering — Francis,  Stevens.  Natural  Philosophy — 
Silliman,  Cook.  Medicine — Cross,  Wood,  McDowell,  Rush,  Warren.  Law — 
Hamilton,  Kent,  Pinckney,  Shaw,  Taney,  Marshall,  Story,  Gibson,  Webster, 
Curtis.  Theology — Mather,  Edwards,  Channing,  Beecher,  Brooks. 

Librarian's  Room. 

In  the  ceiling  of  the  Librarian's  room   is   E.  J.   Holslag's   idealization  of 

Literature,  as  a  woman  of  benign 
aspect;  she  holds  a  scroll,  and  is  at- 
tended by  a  youthful  genius  bearing 
a  lamp.  The  theme  is  repeated  in 
other  female  figures  in  the  corners  be- 
low, with  the  symbols  of  book,  torch 
and  lute.  The  ceiling  decoration 

Floating   Scroll    Bearers.  sh°WS  the  Greek  lamP'  Minerva's  owl, 

books,  palms,  girls  with  garlands  and 
heralds  of  fame.  The  wall  and  ceiling  quotations  are  given  elsewhere. 

Entrance  Pavilion— North  Hall. 

The  Family. — Charles  Sprague  Pearce's  paintings  have  for  their  theme  The 
Family,  and  Religion,  Labor,  Study,  Recreation  and  Rest,  as  elements  of  civil- 


The  Family. 


The  Family. 


73 


Labor.  Study. 

ization.  In  The  Family  the  central  figure  is  the  child  in  arms,  which  the 
mother  holds  out  to  crow  a  welcome  to  the  father  just  returned  from  the 
hunt.  There  are  two  older  sisters  in  the  group,  while  the  grandfather  and  the 
grandmother  look  on  with  fond  affection.  In  Religion,  two  worshippers  kneel 
before  a  stone  altar,  from  which  ascends  the  smoke  of  their  sacrifice. 
Labor  is  represented  by  two  young  farmers  clearing  the  land.  In  the  other 
panels  are  girlish  figures ;  in  Study,  with  books  and  compasses ;  in  Recreation, 


Recreation.  Rest. 

delighting  in  the  music  of  pipe  and  tambourine;  in  Rest,  reclining  by  an  invit- 
ing pool.  Above  the  window  two  floating  figures  support  a  scroll  with  the  wise 
saying  of  Confucius :  "Give  instruction  unto  those  who  cannot  procure  it  for 
themselves."  In  the  ceiling  are  names  of  educators :  Froebel,  Pestalozzi, 
Rousseau,  Comenius,  Ascham,  Howe,  Gallaudet,  Mann,  Arnold,  Spencer. 


74 


The  Library  of  Congress. 


North  Curtain  Corridor. 

The  Muses. — Edward  Simmons.  Melpomene,  Muse  of  Tragedy,  has  the 
tragic  mask.  The  genii  hold  laurel  crown  and  brazier  of  fire,  suggestions 
which  are  repeated  in  the  other  paintings.  Clio,  Muse  of  History,  whose 
records  are  of  heroic  deeds,  has  for  symbols  a  wreathed  helmet  and  torch. 
Thalia,  Muse  of  Gaiety,  Pastoral  Life  and  Comedy;  faun  with  Pan's  pipes; 


Thalia — Gaiety,  Pastoral  Life  and  Comedy. 


Polyhymnia — Inspired  Song,  Sacred  Music.  Terpsichore — Choral  Dance. 


Calliope— Epic  Poetry  and  Eloquence 


Erato—  Love  Poetry.  Euterpe—  Lyric  Poetry,  Mistress  of  Song. 

comic  mask.    Euterpe,  Muse  of  Lyric  Poetry,  the  Mistress  of  Song,  has  a 
Terpsichore,  Muse  of  the  Choral  Dance,  is  striking  the  cymbals.    Erato, 


flute. 


Muse  of  Love  Poetry,  has  a  garland  of  white  roses;  a  crouching  lioness  typi- 
fies her  universal  sway.  Polyhymnia,  Inspired  Song  and  Sacred  Music—  an 
open  book.  Urania,  Astronomy—  mathematical  instruments.  Calliope,  Epic 
Poetry  and  Eloquence  —  scroll  and  peacock  feather. 


THE    MOSAIC    MINERVA. 
By  Elihu  Vcdder. 


The  Library  of  Congress. 


Prudence.  Courage.  Patriotism.  Fortitude. 

THE  VIRTUES. 

THE  SECOND  FLOOR. 


Entrance  Pavilion — North  Corridor. 

The  Virtues. — Geo.  W.  Maynard's  paintings  of  floating  female  figures,  in  the 
Pompeiian  style,  on  a  vermillion  ground,  symbolize  the  Virtues.  Fortitude  is 
armor-clad,  with  casque,  cuirass  and  greaves,  buckler  and  mace.  Justice  sup- 
ports a  globe,  and  holds  a  drawn  sword.  Industry's  emblems  are  the  spindle, 
distaff  and  flax.  Concordia.  with  olive  branch,  pours  from  a  cornucopia 
grains  of  wheat  symbolic  of  the  prosperity  of  peace.  (See  South  Corridor.) 
Wisdom,  Understanding,  Knowledge,  Philosophy. — By  Robert  Reid.  Wis- 
dom holds  a  tablet.  Understanding  has  a  scroll.  Knowledge  holds  a  book. 


Wisdom. 


Understanding. 


Knowledge. 


Philosophy. 


Philosophy's  attitude  is  of  reflection  and  meditation;  in  the  background  is  a 
Greek  temple,  the  ancient  home  of  philosophy. 

The  Senses.— By  Robert  Reid.  In  the  ceiling  the  Senses  are  idealized  as 
beautiful  young  women.  Taste  is  sipping  from  a  shell;  the  accessories  are 
bunches  of  grapes.  Sight  contemplates  herself  in  a  hand  glass;  she  is  at- 
tended by  a  peacock,  pleasing  to  look  upon.  Smell  inhales  the  fragrance  of  a 
full-blown  rose,  plucked  from  a  bank  of  flowers  by  her  side.  Hearing  presses 


North  Corridor. 


77 


Temperance. 


Justice.  Concordia. 

THE  VIRTUES. 


Industry. 


to  her  ear  a  shell  which  murmurs  of  the  sea.  Touch  looks  with  delight  upon 
a  butterfly  which  has  alighted  on  her  arm ;  by  her  lies  a  dog. 
Ancient  Games  are  shown  in  small  ceiling  panels,  suggestive  of  the  relaxation 
and  recreation  which  must  lighten  labor  and  study — Throwing  the  Discus, 
Wrestling,  Running,  the  Finish,  the  Wreath  of  Victory,  the  Triumph. 
Printers'  Marks,  the  distinctive  emblematic  devices,  answering  to  trade- 
marks, used  by  printers  and  publishers  on  the  title-pages  of  their  books,  are 
employed  as  motives  in  all  the  entrance  pavilion  corridors  of  this  floor.  There 
are  fifty-six  in  all,  the  earliest  being  that  of  Fust  and  Schoffer,  1457.  The 
marks  in  this  corridor  are  of  American  and  British  publishers ;  the  supporting 
figures  are  griffins  and  swans.  The  trophy  medallions  are  filled  with  symbols 


Taste. 


Hearing. 


Smell. 
THE  SENSES. 


Touch. 


Sight. 


of  sciences  and  industries — Geometry,  Meteorology,  Forestry,  Navigation, 
Mechanics,  Transportation. 

Sibyls. — The  sculptures  in  the  vault,  above  the  west  window,  by  R.  H.  Perry, 
represent  the  Sibyls,  or  ancient  prophetesses,  who  interpreted  omens,  delivered 
oracles,  and  foretold  the  future.  The  Sibyls  here  portrayed  are  the  Greek  and 
the  Eastern  or  Persian.  In  a  corresponding  position  in  the  south  corridor 
are  the  Roman  and  Scandinavian.  In  the  border  of  the  arch  above  this  win- 
dow is  in  obverse  and  reverse  the  Great  Seal  of  the  United  States.  Over  the 
east  window  is  the  Western  Hemisphere, 


78  The  Library  of  Congress. 

Entrance  Pavilion—  East  Corridor. 

Literature.—  In  the  ceiling  George  R.  Barse,  Jr.,  has  painted  a  series  of  female 
figures  personifying  the  departments  of  Literature.  Lyrica  (Lyric  Poetry) 
with  lyre,  Tragedy  with  tragic  mask,  Comedy  with  laughing  mask  and  tam- 
bourine, History  with  palm  branch,  scroll,  and  scroll-box,  Romance  with  pen. 
scroll  and  wreath,  Fancy  musing  as  in  a  day  dream,  Tradition  with  a  Nike 
or  Winged  Victory,  Erotica  (Love  Poetry)  with  tablet  and  pen. 
The  Fates.  —  In  ceiling  panels  W.  A.  Mackay  has  taken  for  his  theme  the 
Thread  of  Life  as  spun  by  the  Three  Fates  fabled  by  the  ancients  to  preside 
over  the  life  of  man  and  control  his  destiny  —  Clotho,  who  spins  the  thread, 
Lachesis,  who  twists  it,  and  Atropos,  who  cuts  it.  Clotho  is  here  with  her 
distaff.  The  child  is  just  ushered  into  life.  There  is  a  twig  of  a  tree.  The 
legend  runs:  "For  a  web  begun,  God  sends  thread."  In  the  second  panel  is 
Lachesis,  with  her  loom.  The  child  has  become  a  mature  man,  the  tree  is  in 
full  bearing,  and  from  its  boughs  the  man  has  plucked  a  measure  of  fruit. 
The  legend  reads  :  "The  web  of  life  is  of  a  mingled  yarn,  good  and  ill  to- 
gether." Lastly  is  seen  Atropos,  with  her  shears  ;  and  before  her  the  decrepit 
old  man  on  crutches  is  sinking  to  the  ground,  his  face  turned  to  the  setting  sun. 
The  tree  is  withered  and  bare.  The  inscription  is  from  Milton's  "Lycidas." 

And  slits  the  thin-spun  life. 

Comes  the  blind  Fury  with  th'  abhorred  shears 

The  inscriptions  below  the  three  panels  give  this  adaptation  of  Cardinal 
Wolsey's  similitude  of  the  life  of  man  to  that  of  the  tree: 

This  is  the  state  of  man.     To  day  he  puts  forth 

The  tender   leaves   of   hopes;   to-morrow   blossoms, 

And   bears   his    blushing   honors   thick   upon   him. 

The  third  day  comes  a  frost  and  nips  his  root,  and  then  he  falls. 

The  Printers'  Marks  are  Italian  and  Spanish.  The  Commemorative  Tablets, 
at  the  end  of  the  corridor,  bear  the  names  of  American  printers,  type  founders 
and  press  builders:  Green,  Daye,  Franklin,  Thomas,  Bradford,  Clymer, 
Adams,  Gordon,  Hoe,  Bruce. 

L'Allegro,  II  Penseroso.—  Paintings  on  the  Wall,  by  W.  B.  Van  Ingen,  are 
idealizations  of  Milton's  L'Allegro  and  II  Penseroso.  L'Allegro,  or  Mirth, 
a  fair-haired,  blue-eyed  woman,  reclines  amid  the  flowers  and  sunshine  of  a 
summer's  day,  attended  by  playful  children.  Milton's  invocation  is  given: 

Come  thou  goddess  fair  and  free,  Quips,  and  cranks,  and  wanton  wiles, 

A    j  uven  yc'ePed  Euphrosyne,  Nods  and  becks,  and  wreathed  smiles, 

And  by  men,  heart-easing  Mirth.  Such  as  hang  on  Hebe's  cheek, 

'  je  '  "yjl'P"-  and  bnnK  w>th  thee  And  love  to  live  in  dimple  sleek. 
Jest  and  youthful  jollity, 

//  Penseroso,  or  Melancholy,  is  pictured  as  a  dark-eyed,  dark-haired  woman, 
in  pensive  reverie,  in  an  autumnal  wood  ;  and  the  poem  is  quoted  : 


Hil^rllT'  lagie  and  holy>  And  looks  commercing  with  the  skies, 

dwinest   Melancholy,  Thy  rapt  soul  sitting  in  thine  eyes: 

Wkh^  «?  lhVA  W°nt-ed  Stat-e>  There-  held  in  holy  passion  still, 

i  even  step  and  musing  gait,  Forget  thyself  to  marble. 

The  marble  arches  and  domes  are  elaborately  carved,  and  have  a  wealth  of 
ic  decorations.     Trophy  medallions  in  the  six  domes  represent:    The 


Stairway  to  Reading  Room. 


79 


II  Penseroso. 


L'Allegro. 


Drama  (masks),  Music  (lyre),  Sculpture  (carved  figure),  Literature  (lamp 
and  book),  Architecture  (a  column  capital),  Painting  (palette  and  brush). 
Architecture  is  represented  by  the  names  in  gold.  Roman  and  the  Colosseum, 
Agra  (India)  and  the  Taj  Mahal,  Athens  and  the  Parthenon,  Gizeh  and  the 
Pyramids.  For  Sculpture  are  named  the  Farnese  Bull,  Laocoon,  Niobe,  Par- 
thenon Pediment ;  Venus,  Apollo,  Zeus,  Hercules. 

Stairway  to  Reading  Room  Rotunda. 

Minerva. — By  Elihu  Vedder.  From  the  east  corridor  a  stairway  ascends  to 
the  balcony  of  the  reading  room;  on  the  wall  of  the  landing  is  Elihu  Vedder's 

mosaic  of  Minerva,  the  Goddess  of  Wisdom. 
She  displays  a  scroll  upon  which  is  inscribed  a 
list  of  the  Sciences,  Arts  and  Letters.  She 
carries  her  spear;  upon  her  breast  is  the  aegis, 
with  its  Gorgon's  head,  plates  of  steel,  and  bor- 
der of  twisted  serpents ;  and  at  her  feet  lie  hel- 
met and  shield.  On  her  right  is  the  owl ;  on  her 
left  a  statuette  of  Nike,  the  Winged  Victory  of 
the  Greeks,  standing  upon  a  globe,  and  extend- 
ing the  wreath  of  victory  and  the  palm  branch 
of  peace.  The  background  shows  a  fair  stretch- 
ing landscape,  and  the  sun  of  prosperity  sheds 
its  effulgence  over  all.  The  enrollment  on  the 
scroll  reads :  Agricultural,  Education,  Me- 
chanics, Commerce,  Government,  History, 
Astronomy,  Geography,  Statistics,  Economics, 
Sculpture,  Architecture,  Music,  Poetry,  Biogra- 
phy, Geology,  Botany,  Medicine,  Philosophy,  Law,  Politics,  Arbitration, 
Treaties,  Army,  Navy,  Finance,  Art  of  War. 

Entrance  Pavilion— South  Corridor. 

The  Virtues.— By  Geo.  W.  Maynard.  Patriotism  supports  on  her  arm  the 
American  eagle,  which  she  is  feeding  from  a  golden  bowl.  Courage,  wearing 
a  casque,  is  equipped  with  sword  and  buckler.  Temperance  pours  water  from 
a  pitcher.  Prudence  has  for  symbols  the  mirror  and  the  serpent. 


Stairway  to  Rotunda. 


8o 


T]\e  Library  of  Congress. 


The  Seasons.    By  F.  \V.  Benson. 

The  Seasons.— By  F.  W.  Benson.  The  Seasons  are  personified  by  female 
figures,  with  varying  landscape  and  development  of  vegetation.  Spring  with 
a  bud,  Summer  with  a  lapful  of  full  blown  blossoms,  Autumn  with  flying 
draperies,  and  the  falling  leaf;  Winter  in  a  landscape  cold  and  bleak. 
The  Graces. — F.  W.  Benson  in  ceiling  panels  celebrates  The  Graces,  the 
ancient  goddesses  of  whatever  is  lovely  in  nature,  human  life  and  art.  Aglata, 
patroness  of  pastoral  life  and  husbandry,  with  shepherdess  crook,  sits  on  a 
bank  of  flowers,  and  blossoms  are  in  her  hair.  Thalia,  patroness  of  the  arts, 
is  seated  upon  a  marble  bench,  by  her  side  is  a  lyre  for  Music,  in  the  back- 
ground a  Greek  temple  for  Architecture.  Euphrosyne,  patroness  of  human 
loveliness  of  person  and  mind,  contemplates  in  a  mirror  her  own  fair  face. 

The  Printers'  Marks  are  French;  their  supporting  figures  are  wood  nymphs. 
fauns,  tritons  and  mermaids,  with  Pan's  pipes,  conch  shells  and  dolphins. 
The  Trophy  Medallions  of  the  ceiling  contain  symbols  of  trades  and  indus- 
tries: Printer,  Potter,  Glass  Maker,  Carpenter,  Blacksmith,  Mason.  Two 
panels  illustrate  the  modern  Baseball  and  Football. 

Sibyls.— Above  the  west  window  are  sculptures  by  Perry,  of  the  Roman 
Sibyl,  pictured  as  an  aged  crone,  who  from  beneath  her  veil  delivers  the  oracle 
to  a  warrior  clad  in  mail ;  and  the  Northern  Sibyl  clad  in  fur  robes,  a  Norse 
warrior  attends  her  utterance.  Above  the  windows  are  the  Caduceus  and  the 
Mace,  ensigns  of  authority,  and  a  medallion  map  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere. 

Entrance  Pavilion — West  Corridor. 

The  Sciences. — Walter  Shirlaw's  ceiling  paintings  comprise  a  series  of  female 
figures  ideal  of  the  Sciences.  Zoology  clad  in  skins  of  wild  beasts  caresses  a 
lion.  Physics  holds  the  torch  of  investigation.  Mathematics  has  a  scroll  on 
which  geometrical  lines  are  drawn,  and  her  foot  rests  upon  a  block  of  geo- 


Aglaia. 


Euphrosyne. 
THE   GRACES. 


Thalia. 


Southwest  Gallery. 


81 


The  Sciences. 


metrical  solids.  Geology,  with  a  globe,  mineral,  fossil  shell ;  the  earth  and 
the  moon  are  shown.  Archeology,  with  Minerva's  helmet,  a  marble  scroll  and 
Zuiii  vase,  is  seeking  to  decipher  the  record  contained  in  an  ancient  book. 
Botany,  standing  upon  the  pad  of  a  water  lily,  analyzes  its  blossom.  Astron- 
omy, with  feet  planted  upon  the  earth,  holds  a  telescopic  lens  and  the  sphere 
of  Saturn  with  its  rings.  The  moon  is  shown  in  its  crescent  phase.  Chemis- 
try's symbols  are  glass  retort,  hour  glass  and  serpent. 

Southwest  Gallery. 

The  Sciences — The  Arts. — By  Kenyon  Cox.  In  the  Sciences  Astronomy  in 
the  center  measures  a  celestial  sphere ;  the  other  figures  are  Botany,  in  dress 
of  green  and  gold ;  Zoology,  toying  with  a  peacock ;  Mathematics,  with  a 
numeral  frame  on  which  the  heads  count  the  year  1896.  In  the  Arts  Poetry, 
laurel-crowned,  sings  to  the  lyre;  the  other  figures  are  Sculpture  and  Paint- 
ing, Architecture  and  Music. 

Above  the  doors  and  windows  are  inscribed  names  eminent  in  science  and 
art,  running  in  this  order  from  the  north  entrance:  Homer,  Michael  Angelo, 
Raphael,  Rubens,  Milton,  Leibnitz,  Dalton,  Kepler,  Herschel,  Galileo,  Aris- 
totle, Ptolemy,  Hipparchus,  Lamarck,  Helmholtz,  Phidias,  Vitruvius,  Bra- 
mante,  Mozart,  Wagner. 

The  ceiling  medallions  by  W.  B.  Van  Ingen  are  female  figures  typifying 
Painting  (at  work  at  the  easel),  Architecture  (drawing  a  plan  of  a  building), 
and  Sculpture  (chiseling  a  bust  of  Washington).  The  Printers'  Marks  are 
of  German  craftsmen.  Tablets  record  names  distinguished  in  the  sciences: 
Cuvier  for  Zoology,  Rumford  for  Physics,  LaGrange  for  Mathematics,  Lyell 
for  Geology,  Schliemann  for  Archaeology,  Linnaeus  for  Botany,  Copernicus 
for  Astronomy,  Lavoisier  for  Chemistry. 


The  Arts. 


82  The  Library  of  Congress. 

Southwest  Pavilion. 

The  Discovery  and  Settlement  of  America  are  the  themes  of  Geo.  W.  May- 
nard's  decorations.  The  four  wall  paintings  are  allegories  of  Adventure,  Dis- 
covery, Conquest  and  Civilization. 

Adventure,  clad  in  armor  of  gold  and  purple  robes,  holds  a  drawn  sword 
and  the  Caduceus,  or  Mercury's  magic  wand.  On  her  right  is  the  genius  of 
the  England  of  Drake's  time;  on  her  left  that  of  the  Spain  of  the  sixteenth 
century.  Discovery  wears  the  sailor's  buff  jerkin  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
She  supports  with  one  hand  a  rudder,  and  with  the  other,  upon  her  lap,  a 
globe  charted  with  the  map  ascribed  to  Leonardo  da  Vinci  (about  1500),  the 
first  one  known  to  show  America.  The  genius  on  her  right  has  a  chart  and 
a  paddle;  the  one  on  her  left  a  sword  and  a  back-staff,  which,  like  the  astro- 
labe shown  in  the  supporting  shields,  was  a  primitive  quadrant.  Conquest 
firmly  grasps  her  sword,  while  her  genii  display  emblems  of  victory;  one  has 
the  palm,  typical  of  Spanish  achievement  in  the  South. ;  the  other  the  oak, 
suggesting  England's  acquisitions  in  the  North.  Civilisation's  emblems  are 
the  torch  and  the  open  book;  those  of  one  genius,  a  scythe  and  a  sheaf  of 
wheat;  of  the  other,  a  distaff  and  spindle.  In  the  ceiling  Mr.  Maynard  has 
pictured  Courage,  Valor,  Fortitude  and  Achievement,  idealized  in  woman's 
form.  Courage,  clad  in  scale-armor  and  a  lion's  pelt,  is  equipped  with  shield 
and  studded  war  club.  Valor,  wearing  mail,  holds  a  drawn  sword.  Fortitude, 
with  flowing  robes,  carries  the  ornamental  column  which  is  the  emblem  of 
sustaining  strength.  Achievement,  in  Roman  armor,  points  to  the  eagle  of 
ancient  Rome  as  the  symbol  of  victory. 

The  Seasons. — In  sculpture  reliefs,  by  Bela  L.  Pratt,  the  Seasons  are 
symbolized  as  female  figures:  Spring,  as  a  young  woman  sowing  grain; 


The  Seasons.    Sculptures  by  Bela  L.  Pratt. 

Summer,  seated  amid  flowers;  Autumn,  a  mother  nursing  her  babe, 
while  a  boy  stands  near  her  with  bunches  of  grapes ;  Winter,  an  aged  woman 
gathering  fagots;  an  owl  is  perched  on  the  withered  tree.  The  series  is  re- 
peated in  the  other  pavilions. 

Southeast  Pavilion— Second  Floor. 

The  Four  Elements  are  symbolized  in  the  wall  and  ceiling  paintings  by  R. 
..  Dodge  and  E.  E.  Garnsey.    In  each  panel  a  central  figure  as  the  personifi- 
cation of  the  Element  supports  emblematic  garlands,  the  other  ends  of  which 
:  held  by  genii  in  the  corners.     Reclining  figures  are  accompanied   with 
symbols;  and  other  symbols  are  seen  on  the  standards  and  in  the  borders. 


Northwest  Gallery  and  Northwest  Pavilion.  83 

The  Sun,  as  the  chariot  of  Phoebus-Apollo,  is  the  central  decoration  of  the 
ceiling;  and  surrounding  it,  in  order  corresponding  with  the  wall  panels,  are 
further  symbolizations  of  the  Elements. 

Northwest  Gallery. 

War  and  Peace. — By  Gari  Melchers.  War  represents  the  return  from  battle. 
The  dogs  of  war  strain  at  the  leash;  then,  foot  soldiers  with  spear  and 
buckler ;  the  King  on  his  white  horse,  riding  over  the  prostrate  bodies  of  the 
slain;  the  color-bearer  and  herald  proclaiming  victory,  and  the  wounded  car- 


War. 


ried  on  litters  or  attended  by  nurses  in  the  rear.  In  Peace,  the  scene  is  a 
procession  of  worshippers  who  have  come  to  make  their  votive  offering  at 
the  shrine  of  the  deity.  The  effigy  of  the  goddess  is  borne  in  state;  an  ox 
is  led  as  the  chief  offering.  .In  the  company  ceme  a  mother  to  pray  in  behalf 


Peace. 

of  her  child,  the  sick  to  ask  health,  a  poet  to  offer  his  laurel  wreath,  and  a 
sailor  lad  with  a  ship's  model  in  token  of  gratitude  for  succor  at  sea. 

The  Names  on  the  walls  are:  Wellington,  Washington,  Charles  Martel, 
Cyrus,  Alexander,  Hannibal,  Caesar,  Charlemagne,  Napoleon,  Jackson,  Sheri- 
dan, Grant,  Sherman,  William  the  Conqueror,  Frederick  the  Great,  Eugene, 
Mailborough,  Nelson,  Scott,  Farragut. 

Northwest  Pavilion. 

Art,  Literature,  Music  and  Science.— By  W.  L.  Dodge.  In  Art  a  student  is 
drawing  from  a  model,  while  a  sculptor  is  seen  chiseling  a  sphinx,  and  a 
woman  decorating  a  vase.  Literature  has  for  its  leading  personage  the  Genius 
of  Wisdom  holding  an  open  book,  with  Tragedy  and  Comedy,  a  poet  about 
to  be  crowned  by  Fame,  and  a  mother  instructing  her  children.  In  Music, 
Apollo  is  accompanied  by  other  musicians.  In  Science  Electricity,  with  phono- 


84  Tfic  Library  of  Congress. 

graph  and  telephone,  kneels  to  receive  from  winged  Fame  the  laurel  wreath  of 
renown;  Franklin's  kite  is  seen  on  the  ground.  Steam  Navigation  is  repre- 
sented by  an  inventor  holding  a  model  of  a  propeller ;  Agriculture  by  a  farmer 
binding  grain ;  Medical  Science  by  anatomists  examining  a  skull ;  Chemistry 
by  a  retort,  and  the  application  of  Steam  Power  by  a  tea-kettle  with  the  steam 
escaping  from  the  spout.  In  the  ceiling  is  an  allegory  of  Ambition  by  the 
same  artist.  Various  aspirants  having  attained  the  utmost  verge  of  human 
endeavor,  with  eager  gaze  and  arms  outstretched,  reach  toward  Glory,  floating 
far  above  them,  bearing  a  wreath,  and  attended  by  her  winged  horse  Pegasus 
and  trumpeting  Fame. 

Northeast  Pavilion. 

The  Seals  of  the  United  States  and  the  Executive  Departments  are  the 
motives  of  the  decorations  by  W.  B.  Van  Ingen  and  E.  E.  Garnsey  Wreathed 
panels  contain  patriotic  sentiments;  female  figures  idealize  the  Departments 
whose  seals  they  support  emblazoned  on  shields. 

Treasury  and  State. — For  one  is  shown  the  familiar  Treasury  building; 
for  the  other  the  Capitol  Dome  and  the  Washington  Monument. 

'Tis  our  true  policy  to  steer  clear  of  permanent  alliance  with  any  portion  of  the  foreign 
world. — WASHINGTON.  Let  our  object  be  our  country,  our  whole  country,  and  nothing 
but  our  country. — Thank  God!  I  also  am  an  American — WEBSTER. 

War  and  Nary. — The  genii  supporting  the  seals  are  equipped  with  Army 
and  Navy  swords;  for  the  Army  are  the  Roman  standard  (modified  to  show 
the  initials  U.  S.  A.)  and  the  Bunker  Hill  Monument;  for  the  Navy  the 
masts  of  the  battleship  Indiana  and  Decatur's  rostral  column  at  Annapolis. 

The  aggregate  happiness  of  society  is,  our  ought  to  be,  the  end  of  all  government. — To 
be  prepared  for  war  is  one  of  the  most  effectual  means  of  preserving  peace. — WASHING- 
TON. 

Agriculture  and  Interior. — For  Agriculture  the  background  is  of  a  farming 
country,  in  that  of  the  Interior  is  represented  the  Indian's  tree  sepulture. 

The  agricultural  interest  of  the  country  is  connected  with  every  other,  and  superior 
in  importance  to  them  all.— JACKSON.  Let  us  have  peace.— GRANT. 

Justice  and  the  Post  Office. — The  symbols  are  the  Scales  of  Justice,  and  a 
bronze  statue  of  Mercury  the  messenger  of  the  gods. 

Equal  and  exact  justice  to  all  men,  of  whatever  state  or  persuasion,  religious  or  polit- 
ical; peace,  commerce,  and  honest  friendship  with  all  nations— entangling  alliances  with 
none.— J  EFFEBSOX. 

The  Great  Seal  of  the  United  States  in  the  ceiling  is  surrounded  by  a  decora- 
tion comprising  the  forty-eight  stars  of  the  flag;  the  cardinal  winds,  North, 
East,  South  and  West,  represented  by  blowing  faces,  and  symbolical  of  the 
geographical  divisions  of  the  Union ;  fruits  and  grains  as  typical  products  of 
each  section  of  the  country;  and  the  cornucopia  of  Agriculture,  dolphin  of 
Commerce,  lyre  of  Art,  and  torch  of  Education.  Encircling  the  whole  is  the 
conclusion  of  Lincoln's  Gettysburg  Address  (see  the  Arlington  chapter)  : 

That  this  nation,  under  God,  shall  have  a  new  birth  of  freedom ;  and  that  government  of 
the  people,  by  the  people,  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  the  earth. 


The  Reading  Room.  85 

The  Reading  Room. 

The  Reading  Room. — Ascending  the  stairway  from  the  East  Corridor  we  en- 
ter the  Visitors'  Gallery,  where  an  excellent  view  is  afforded  of  the  Rotunda  or 
central  Reading  Room.  The  vast  apartment  is  imposing  in  size  and  effective 
in  architectural  design  and  color  scheme  of  marble  walls  and  pillars  and  tiers 
of  arches  and  balustrades,  and  the  uplifted  dome  with  its  elaborate  stucco 
ornamentation.  The  room  is  loo-ft.  in  diameter  and  125-ft.  in  height ;  the 
pillars  are  4O-ft.  high,  the  windows  32-ft.  wide.  The  richness  of  the  color 
effect  lies  in  the  marbles,  of  which  the  dark  are  from  Tennessee,  the  red  from 
Numidia,  and  the  shades  of  yellow  from  Siena.  The  stucco  ornaments  of  the 
dome  are  in  old  ivory,  and  comprise  a  great  variety  of  designs — among  them 
Martiny's  female  figures  supporting  cartouches;  Weinert's  winged  half-figures; 
winged  boys  with  wreaths  and  garlands,  torches,  lamps,  swans,  eagles,  dol- 
phins and  arabesques. 

The  Symbolical  Statues. — Upon  the  eight  piers  are  female  figures  of  colossal 
stature.     Above  each  is  a  quotation  chosen  by  President  Eliot,  of  Harvard : 
Religion,  by  Baur,  holding  a  flower. 

What  doth  the  Lord  require  of  thee,  but  to  do  justly,  to  love  mercy,  and  to  walk 
humbly  with  thy  God? — Micah  vi:  8. 

Commerce,  by  Flanagan,  holding  miniature  locomotive  and  ship : 

We  taste  the  spices  of  Arabia,  yet  never  feel  the  scorching  sun  which  brings  them  forth. 
— Considerations  on  East  India  Trade. 

History,  by  French,  with  book  and  reflecting  mirror: 

One   God,    one   law,   one   element, 

And   one   far-off   divine   event, 

To    which    the    whole    creaHnn    rr>r>..o^ — Tr.".'.'^";.". 

Art,  by  St.  Gaudens  and  Dozzi,  laurel-crowned,  with  a  model  of  the  Par- 
thenon for  architecture,  a  brush  and  palette  for  painting,  and  a  mallet  for 

sculpture : 

As  one  lamp  lights  another,  nor  grows  less. 
So  nobleness   enkindleth   nobleness. — Lowell. 

Philosophy,  by  Pratt,  with  book: 

The  inquiry,  knowledge,  and  belief  of  truth  is  the  sovereign  good  of  human  nature. 
— Bacon. 

Poetry,  by  Ward,  with  scroll : 

Hither,  as  to  their  fountain,   other  stars 
Repairing,  in  their  golden  urns  draw  light.—  Milton. 

Law,  by  Bartlett,  with  the  stone  table  of  the  laws  and  a  scroll : 

Of  law  there  can  be  no  less  acknowledged  than  that  her  voice  is  the  harmony  of  the 
world. — Hooker. 

Science,  by  Donoghue,  with  a  globe  and  triangle  and  mirror : 

The  heavens  declare  the  glory  of  God;  and  the  firmament  sliov.-sth  his  handiwork, 
Psalms  xix:  I. 

Bronze  Statues. — Looking  down  from  the  railing  of  the  gallery  under  the 
dome,  stand  sixteen  bronze  statues  of  characters  distinguished  in  the  several 
fields  of  learning  and  achievement  represented  by  the  symbolical  statues: 

RELIGION — Moses  (by  Niehaus)  and  St.  Paul  (by  Donoghue).  Moses  is 
represented  as  the  great  law-giver,  with  the  Tables  of  the  Law  delivered  on 
Sinai.  St.  Paul  has  sword  and  scroll. 


86  The  Library  of  Congress. 

COMMERCE— Columous  (by  Bartlett)  and  Fulton  (by  Potter).  Fulton  holds 
a  model  of  his  first  steamboat,  the  "Clermont." 

HISTORY — Herodotus,  the  "Father  of  History"  (by  French),  and  Gibbon, 
historian  of  the  "Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire"  (by  Niehaus). 

AST— Michael  Angela  (by  Bartlett)  and  Beethoven  (by  Bauer). 

PHILOSOPHY— Plato  and  Bacon  (both  by  Boyle). 

POETRY — Homer  (by  St.  Gaudens)  and  Shakespeare  (by  Macmonnies). 

LAW — Solon  (by  Ruckstuhl)  and  Kent  (by  Bissell).  Solon,  the  Athenian 
law-giver,  holds  out  the  scroll  of  "The  Laws"  (Oi  Nomoi),  and  supports  a 
reversed  sword  twined  with  olive.  James  Kent  is  represented  as  holding  the 
manuscript  of  his  celebrated  "Commentaries  on  American  Law." 

SCIENCE — Newton  (by  Dallin)  and  Henry  (by  Adams).  Prof.  Joseph 
Henry  holds  an  electro-magnet,  suggesting  his  work  in  electro-magnetism. 
The  Progress  of  Civilization,  by  E.  H.  Blashfield,  in  the  Collar  of  the 
Dome,  which  is  150  feet  in  circumference,  is  a  symbolism  of  the  twelve  na- 
tions and  epochs  which  have  contributed  to  the  world's  advance.  Each  is 
represented  as  a  seated  figure,  winged,  and  bearing  emblems  suggestive  of  its 
peculiar  attribute : 

EGYPT  (Written  Records)  holds  a  tablet  of  hieroglyphics,  and  the  Egyptian 
taucross  emblem  of  immortality.  On  the  throne  is  the  cartouche  of  Mena, 
the  first  king  of  Egypt.  At  the  feet  of  the  figure  is  a  case  of  papyrus  scrolls. 

JUDEA  (Religion)  wears  the  vestments  of  the  Jewish  High  Priest.  The 
emblems  are  scroll  and  censer.  The  stone  tablet  bears  the  Hebrew  text,  Levi- 
ticus xix:  18:  "Thou  shalt  love  thy  neighbor  as  thyself." 

GREECE  (Philosophy)  is  a  classic  figure  wearing  a  diadem;  the  symbols  are 
scroll  and  bronze  lamp. 

ROME  (Administration)  is  pictured  as  a  Roman  centurion  in  armor;  the  em- 
blems are  the  sword,  the  fasces  and  baton  of  auth<  rity,  and  the  marble  column. 

ISLAM  (Physics)  costumed  as  an  Arabian,  has  as  emblems  glass  retort  and 
book  of  mathematics. 

MIDDLE  AGES  (Modern  Languages)  is  accompanied  by  the  emblematic  ac- 
cessories of  casque  and  sword  typifying  the  Age  of  Chivalry,  Gothic  cathedra! 
for  architectural  development,  and  papal  tiara  and  keys  of  St.  Peter  for  the 
part  of  the  Church.  The  face  is  a  characterization  from  Mary  Anderson's. 

ITALY  (Fine  Arts)  has  brush  and  palette  for  painting,  satuette  of  Michael 
Angelo's  David  for  sculpture,  violin  for  music,  capital  for  architecture. 

GERMANY  (Art  of  Printing)  is  represented  as  an  early  printer,  in  fifteenth 
century  garb,  reading  a  proofsheet  from  the  primitive  hand  press.  The  face 
is  a  characterization  from  that  of  Gen.  Thomas  Lincoln  Casey. 

SPAIN  (Discovery)  appears  as  a  navigator,  in  sailor's  leather  jerkin,  hand 
on  tiller  and  sword  in  lap;  by  his  side  a  globe,  at  his  feet  model  of  a  caravel. 

ENGLAND  (Literature),  laurel-crowned  and  in  Elizabethan  costume,  holds 
Shakespeare's  plays,  showing  facsimile  of  the  title  page  of  "A  Midsummer 
Night's  Dream,"  1600.  The  face  is  a  characterization  of  Ellen  Terry's. 

FRANCE  (Emancipation)  is  the  animated  figure  of  a  woman  wearing  liberty 
cap  and  tri-color  jacket,  and  equipped  with  sword,  drum  and  trumpet.  She 


The  Library  of  Congress.  87 

is  seated  upon  a  cannon,  and  holds  out  the  "Declaration  des  Droits  de 
I'Homme"  of  1798.  The  features  are  of  the  artist's  wife. 

AMERICA  (Science). — The  scientific  genius  of  our  own  country  is  typified 
by  an  electrical  engineer,  with  book  and  dynamo.  The  face  is  a  characteriza- 
tion from  that  of  Abraham  Lincoln. 

The  Human  Understanding. — In  the  Crown  of  the  Lantern,  Mr.  Blashfield 
has  painted  The  Human  Understanding,  in  the  allegorical  figure  of  a  woman 
floating  among  clouds,  and  attended  by  two  children  genii.  With  uplifted 
gaze  she  is  looking  from  finite  human  achievement,  as  indicated  in  trie  fresco 
of  Civilization  below,  to  the  infinite,  which  is  beyond.  One  of  the  genii  holds 
a  closed  book,  the  other  beckons  those  below. 

The  Windows. — The  stained-glass  decoration  of  the  great  arched  windows, 
by  H.  T.  Schladermundt,  is  a  composition  of  the  arms  of  the  Union  and  of 
the  States,  alternating  with  torches  and  wreathed  fasces.  With  each  State 
is  given  the  date  of  its  ratification  of  the  Constitution,  admission  into  the 
Union,  or  Territorial  organization;  the  series  begins  with  Delaware. 
The  Clock  over  the  entrance,  by  John  Flanagan,  is  of  marble  and  bronze ;  the 
details  are  Signs  of  the  Zodiac,  flight  of  Time,  Seasons,  Day  and  Night. 

The  Library  was  founded  in  1800,  Congress  appropriating  for  it  $5,000.  Tt 
has  twice  suffered  by  fire — in  1814,  when  the  Capitol  was  burned,  and  in  1851. 
Special  collections  acquired  have  been  Thomas  Jefferson's  Library,  the  Force 
Historical  Collection  in  1865,  Smithsonian  Library  in  1867,  Toner  Collection 
of  Washingtoniana  in  1882.  A  prolific  source  "of  accessions  has  been  the 
copyright  system,  which  requires  the  deposit  here  of  two  copies  of  every  copy- 
righted work.  The  library  contains  more  than  1,000,000  books. 

Any  one  may  use  the  Library,  but  books  may  be  drawn  out  only  by  mem- 
bers of  Congress,  the  President,  Supreme  Court,  and  Government  officials. 
The  Book  Stacks  devised  by  Mr.  Bernard  R.  Green  consist  of  a  series  ot 
cast-iron  frameworks  supporting  tiers  of  shelves,  and  rising  in  nine  stories  to 
the  roof.  Each  of  the  two  large  stacks  has  a  capacity  of  800,000  volumes ; 
the  smaller  stack  100,000  books.  The  book  shelving  now  in  the  building 
amounts  to  231,680  running  feet,  or  about  forty-four  miles,  which  will  accom- 
modate 2,085,120  volumes  of  books,  reckoning  nine  to  the  foot.  The  capacity 
of  the  additional  shelving,  which  may  be  placed,  is  about  2,500.000  volumes, 
and  the  ultimate  capacity  of  the  building  for  books  is  therefore  upward  of 
4, SOD,OOD volumes,  or  somewhat  less  than  one  hundred  miles  of  shelving.  An 
ingenious  mechanism  delivers  books  from  the  stacks  to  the  Reading  Room. 
From  the  Reading  Room  an  endless  cable  runs  down  to  the  basement  and 
up  through  the  stack  to  the  top,  and  back  again.  To  it  are  attached  book 
carriers.  When  a  book  is  called  for  at  the  desk,  the  slip  is  sent  by  pneumatic 
tube  to  the  clerk  in  the  book  stack;  he  puts  the  book  into  a  receptacle,  from 
which  it  is  taken  automatically  by  the  book  carrier  and  carried  to  the  Reading 
Room,  the  whole  process  consuming  but  a  few  minutes.  In  like  manner  the 
books  are  returned.  For  the  convenience  of  Congress,  books  are  sent  directlv 
from  the  Reading  Room  to  the  Capitol  through  a  tunnel. 


Washington,  ilic  \'nt ion's  Capital. 

ILtbrarp  ©notations 


The  Poets,  who  on  earth  have  made  us  heirs 

Of  truth  and  pure  delight  by  heavenly  lays. — WORDSWORTH. 

Art  is  long  and  Time  is  fleeting. — LONGFELLOW. 
The  history  of  the  world  is  the  biography  of  great  men. — CARLYLE. 

Order  is  Heaven's  first  law. — POPE. 
Memory  is  the  treasurer  and  guardian  of  all  things. — CICERO. 

Beauty  is  the  creator  of  the  universe. — EMERSON. 
This  is  the  state  of  man  :     To-day  he  puts  forth 
The  tender  leaves  of  hopes  ;  to-morrow  blossoms, 
And  bears  his  blushing  honors  thick  upon  him. 
The  third  day  comes  a  frost  and  nips  his  root,  and  then  he  falls. 

—KING  HENRY  VIII.  (Adapttd\. 

Beholding  the  bright  countenance  of  Truth  in  the  quiet  and  still  air  of  delightful 
studies. — MILTON. 
The  true  University  of  these  days  is  a  Collection  of  Books. — CARLYLE. 

Nature  is  the  art  of  God. — Sir  THOMAS  BROWNE. 

There  is  no  work  of  genius  which  has  not  been  the  delight  of  mankind.  —  LOWELL. 
It  is  the  mind  that  makes  the  man,  and  our  vigor  is  in  our  immortal  soul. — OVID. 
They  are  never  alone  that  are  accompanied  with  noble  thoughts. — Sir  PHILIP  SIDNEY. 

Man  is  one  world,  and  hath  another  to  attend  him. — HERBERT. 
Tongues  in  trees,  books  in  the  running  brooks, 
Sermons  in  stones,  and  good  in  everything. — As  You  LIKE  IT. 
Books  will  speak  plain  when  counsellors  blanch.  —  BACON. 
Glory  is  acquired  by  virtue  but  preserved  by  letters. — PETRARCH. 
The  foundation  of  every  state  is  the  education  of  its  youth. — DIONYSIUS. 
The  light  shineth  in  darkness,  and  the  darkness  comprehendeth  it  not. 

— ST.  JOHN  i:  5. 

In  the  Librarian* s  Room. 

Litera  uripta  manet — The  written  letter  remains  (Literature  endures).  In  tenehris 
lux — Light  in  darkness.  Liber  delectatio  animie — A  book  is  the  delight  of 
the  mind.  Effitiunt  clarum  studio — They  make  clear  by  srudy.  Dulce  ante 
omaia  A/HJ<T— The  sweetness  of  the  Muse  before  all  else. 

The  Greek  Heroes. 

One  equal  temper  of  heroic  hearts, 

Made  weak  by  time  and  fate,  but  strong  in  will 

To  strive,  to  s.-ek,  to  find,  and  not  to  yield. — TENNYSON,  Ulyaes. 

A  glorious  company,  the  flower  of  men 

To  serve  as  model  for  the  mighty  world, 

And  be  the  fair  beginning  of  a  time. — TENNYSON,  Guinevere. 

To  the  souls  of  fire,  I,  Pallas  Athena,  give  more  fire ;  and  to  those  who  are 
nutitul,  a  might  more  than  man's. — KINGSLEY. 

Ancient  of  days  !  august  Athena  ! 

Where  are  thy  men  of  might  ?  thy  grand  in  soul  ? 

Gone  -  glimmering  through  the  dream  of  things  that  were. 

-  BYRON,  ChilJe  llardd. 


The  Library  Quotations.  89 

iltbrarp  (Quotations 

The  chief  glory  of  every  people  arises  from  its  authors. — DR.  JOHNSON. 

Knowledge  comes,  but  wisdom  lingers. — TENNYSON. 

Wisdom  is  the  principal  thing  ;  therefore  get  wisdom  ;  and  with  all  thy  getting  get 
understanding. — PROVERBS  iv  :  7. 

Ignorance  is  the  curse  of  God, 
Knowledge  the  wing  wherewith  we  fly  to  Heaven. — 2.  HENRY  VI. 

How  charming  is  divine  Philosophy. — MILTON. 
Books  must  follow  sciences  and  not  sciences  books. — BACON. 

In  books  lies  the  soul  of  the  whole  past  time. — CARLYLE. 
Words  are  also  actions  and  actions  are  a  kind  of  words. — EMERSON. 

Dwells  within  the  soul  of  every  Artist  No  real  Poet  ever  wove  in  numbers 

More  than  all  his  effort  can  express.  All  his  dream. 

No  great  Thinker  ever  lived  and  taught  you  Love  and  Art  <"»t=d 

All  the  wonder  that  his  soul  received.  Are  twin  mysteries,  different,  yet  the  same. 

No  true  Painter  ever  set  on  canvas  ^ove  may  strive,  but  vain  is  the  endeavor 

All  the  glorious  vision  he  conceived.  A11  lts  «*"»""»«  »cbes  ">  unfold- 

Art  and  Love  speak  ;  but  their  words  must  be 

No  Musician,  Ljke  sighings  of  illimitable  forests. 
But  be  sure  he  heard,  and  strove  to  render.  . 

Feeble  echoes  of  celestial  strains.  — ADELAIDE  PROCTOR,   Unexpressed. 

There  is  but  one  temple  in  the  universe,  and  that  is  the  body  of  man. — NOVALIS. 
The  first  creature  of  God  was  the  light  of  sense  ;  the  last  was  the  light  of  reason. 

— BACON. 

The  true  Shekinah  is  man. — CHRYSOSTOM. 
Only  the  actions  of  the  just 

Smell  sweet  and  blossom  in  the  dust. — JAMES  SHIRLEY. 
Science  is  organized  knowledge. — HERBERT  SPENCER. 

Beauty  is  truth,  truth  beauty. — KEATS. 
Too  low  they  build  who  build  beneath  the  stars. — YOUNG. 

Man  raises  but  time  weighs. — GREEK  PROVERB. 
Beneath  the  rule  of  men  entirely  great 
The  pen  is  mightier  than  the  sword. — BULWER  LYTTON. 
The  noblest  motive  is  the  public  good. — VIRGIL. 
A  little  learning  is  a  dangerous  thing  ; 
Drink  deep,  or  taste  not  the  Pierian  spring. — POPE. 
Learning  is  but  an  adjunct  to  ourself. — LOVE'S  LABOUR'S  LOST. 
Studies  perfect  nature,  and  are  perfected  by  experience. — BACON, 
Dreams,  books,  are  each  a  world  ;  and  books,  we  know, 
Are  a  substantial  world,  both  pure  and  good. — WORDSWORTH. 

With  the  Muses. 

Descend,  ye  Nine,  descend  and  sing ; 
Wake  into  voice  each  silent  string. 
Oh,  Heaven-born  sisters,  source  of  art, 
Who  charm  the  sense  or  mend  the  heart. 
Say,  will  you  bless  the  bleak  Atlantic  shore, 
And  in  the  West  bid  Athens  rise  once  more  ! 

— POPE  (Adapted). 


THE   WHITE   HOUSE. 

THE  WHITE  HOUSE  is  on  Pennsylvania  avenue  at  16th  street,  and  is  reached  by 
Pennsylvania  avenue  cars.  For  hours  to  visit  see  the  Time  Table 

THE  prevailing  characteristic  of  the  White  House  is  a  stately  sim- 
plicity.   Whether  from  Pennsylvania   avenue  one   sees   the  col- 
umns of  the  portico  but  partially  revealed  through  the  foliage  of 
noble  trees,  or  from  the  lawns  in  the  rear  catches  a  glimpse  of 
the  southern  balcony  with  colonnade  and  winding  stairways  embowered  in 
vines,  the  air  is  one  of  dignity  and  repose.     In  situation,  in  character  and 
in  surroundings,  one  reflects,  the  White  House  is  becoming  as  the  home 
of  the  President. 

The  White  House  is  constructed  of  Virginia  freestone;  it  is  I70-ft.  in  History 
length,  86-ft.  in  depth,  and  consists  of  a  rustic  basement,  two  stories  and 
an  attic,  the  whole  surmounted  by  an  ornamental  balustrade.     The  north 
front  has  a  portico  of  lofty  Ionic  columns,  forming  a  porte-cochere,  and 
the  south  a  colonnaded  balcony. 

It  was  the  first  public  building  erected  at  the  new  seat  of  government. 
The  architect  was  James  Hoban,  who  drew  his  plans  closely  after  those 
of  the  seat  of  the  Dukes  of  Leinster,  near  Dublin.  Washington  himself 
selected  the  site,  laid  the  corner  stone  (Oct.  13,  1792),  and  lived  to  see  the 
building  completed;  it  is  told  that  in  company- with  his  wife  he  walked 
through  the  rooms  but  a  few  days  before  his  death,  in  1799.  John  Adams 
was  the  first  occupant,  in  1800.  In  1814,  in  John  Quincy  Adams'  term, 
the  house  was  fired  by  the  marauding  British  troops,  and  only  the  walls 
were  left  standing.  With  the^  restoration,  the  stone  was  painted  white  to 
obliterate  the  marks  of  the  fire,  and  outside  of  official  usage  it  is  as  the 
White  House  that  the  Executive  Mansion  is  universally  known. 

Alterations  and  additions  to  the  building  were  made  in  1902-3.  The 
conservatory,  so  long  a  familiar  feature  of  the  west  side,  has  given  place  to 
an  esplanade  leading  to  the  new  Executive  Office ;  and  the  public  entrance 
is  now  through  a  colonnade  on  the  east.  This  leads  to  the  basement  corri- 
dor, on  the  walls  of  which  are  hung  portraits  of  the  mistresses  of  the 
White  House,  including  those  of  Angelica  Singleton  Van  Buren,  who  was 
mistress  of  the  White  House  during  President  Van  Buren's  term;  Mrs. 
Tyler.  Mrs.  Polk  (presented  by  the  ladies  of  Tennessee  in  President 
Arthur's  administration)  ;  Mrs.  Hayes  (by  Huntington),  presented  by  the 
Woman's  National  Temperance  Union,  in  recognition  of  the  cold  water 
regime  of  the  White  House  during  President  Hayes'  term,  and  Mrs.  Har- 
rison (by  Huntington),  presented  by  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revo- 
lution, and  Mrs.  Roosevelt  by  Chartran.  Broad  stairways  lead  up  to  the 
main  corridor,  from  which  access  is  had  to  the  East  Room,  and  the  Blue, 
Green  and  Red  Rooms,  which  take  name  from  the  predominating  color 
of  the  decorations  and  furnishings. 

THE  EAST  ROOM,  or  State  parlor,  used  for  receptions,  is  a  magnificent 
apartment  40-ft.  wide,  82-ft.  in  length,  and  with  a  ceiling  22-ft.  high,  from 


ll'asliinvlon,  the  Xation's  Capital. 


THE  EXECUTIVE  OFFICES. 

Ea»t  which  depend  three  massive  crystal  chandeliers.  The  four  carved  mantels 
Room  are  surmounted  by  mirrors.  The  decorations  of  walls  and  ceiling  are  in 
white  and  gold,  with  moldings  and  tablet  ornamentation  in  relief,  and 
window  draperies  of  old  gold.  The  two  royal  blue  Sevres  vases  were 
presented  to  President  McKinley  by  the  President  of  the  French  Republic 
in  commemoration  of  the  laying  of  the  French-American  cable.  The  crystal 
chandeliers  formerly  here,  with  others  from  the  White  House,  are  now 
hung  in  the  Capitol. 

Blue      THE  BLUE  ROOM,  oval  in  shape,  is  the  President's  reception  room.     The 

a  walls  are  covered  with  rich  blue  corded  silk,  and  the  window  hangings 

are  blue  with  golden  stars  in  the  upper  folds.     On  the  mantel  is  the  clock 

of  gold  presented  by  Napoleon  I.  to  Lafayette  and  by  him  to  Washington ; 


THE    EAST    APPROACH    TO    THE    WHITE    HOUSE. 


The  White  House. 


93 


A    CORNER    OF    THE    CORRIDOR. 


THE    EAST    ROOM. 


ll'ashini'ton,  the  Nations  Capital. 


Lincoln  China.     The   Lincoln   Punch  Bowl. 


Grant  China.    Dolly  Madison  Cup  and  Saucer 


Cleveland,  Harrison,  and  Mckinley  China. 


Roosevelt  China.    Cleveland  Bonbon  Dish  (flag  design).     Historic   Tea  Cups. 

Specimens  of  the  historic  White  House  china  are  exhibited  in  the  corridor. 

Photos    copyright,  1903,  by  Waldon  Fawcett. 


The  ll'liitc  House. 


95 


THE   STATE   DINING   ROOM. 

on  either  side  stand  the  bronze  vases  presented  to  Washington  at  the  same 
time;  and  there  are  here  also  the  two  triple  gold  plate  candelabra  which 
were  given  to  President  Jackson  by  General  Patterson,  of  Philadelphia. 

THE  GREEN  ROOM  has  on  the  wall  green  velvet  with  white  enamel  wains-  Green 
coting.     In  front  of  the  white  marble  mantel  is  a  screen  of  old  Gobelin  R°om 
tapestry  in  a  frame  of  gold,  surmounted  by  a  spread  eagle.     The  screen 
was    presented    to    Mrs.    Grant    by    the    Emperor    of    Austria.      The    gilt 
clock  and  the  two  gilt  vases  were  purchased  by  Mrs.  Grant  in  Paris  and 
were  by  her  given  to  the  White  House.     The  two  Japanese  vases  were 
purchased  by   President  Arthur.     The  lacquer  cabinet  was  presented   by 
Japan  in  1858,  when  American  ships  first  entered  Japanese  ports.    The  por- 
traits are  of  Presidents  John  Adams,  John  Quincy  Adams,  Jackson,  Tyler, 
W.  H.  Harrison,  Van  Buren,  Pierce,  Buchanan,  Lincoln,  Hayes. 

THE  RED  ROOM  walls  and  window  draperies  are  of  red  velvet.  The 
two  vases  were  presented  to  President  Pierce  by  the  French  Government. 
A  cabinet  of  mahogany  and  gold  contains  seven  exquisitely  dressed  Japan- 
ese dolls  presented  to  Mrs.  Roosevelt  by  the  Japanese  Minister.  There  are 
here  portraits  of  Washington,  Martha  Washington  (by  Andrews),  Presi- 
dents Jefferson,  Polk  and  Benjamin  Harrison.*"  The  portrait  of  Washington 
is  the  one  which  is  sometimes  called  the  "Lansdowne  Stuart."  The  original, 
of  which  this  is  a  copy,  was  painted  for  the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne.  In 
1814,  when  the  British  were  coming  to  pillage  and  burn  the  White  House, 


Red 
Room 


,  the  Xuiion's  Capital. 


THE  RED  ROOM. 

Mrs.  Dolly  Madison  had  the  portrait  taken  from  its  frame  and  carried  it 
away  into  safety  across  the  Potomac.  The  EAST  ROOM  contains  a  richly 
decorated  piano  which  was  made  at  a  cost  of  $15,000  and  presented  by  a 
New  York  firm  of  piano  makers. 

TH£  SJATE  DlNING  ROOM  is  Paneled  in  dark  English  oak,  and  decorated 
W'th  heads  of  American  big  game.  The  white  marble  mantel  is  sur- 
mounted by  an  old  Flemish  tapestry  depicting  a  country  scene  and  having 
m  a  panel  a  verse  from  Virgil  in  praise  of  hunting.  The  massive 
mahogany  table  will  seat  one  hundred  guests. 

Pretidenft      THE  PRESIDENT'S  ROOM  and  the  CABINET  ROOM  are  in  the  Executive 
Koom  office,  west  of  the  White  House. 


The  While  House. 


97 


THE    PRESIDENT    IN    HIS    OFFICE. 
Photo  copyright,  1903,  by   \Yaldon   Fawcett. 


The  surroundings  of  the  White  House  are  worthy  of  note.  In  front  is  historic  Surroundings 
Lafayette  Square.  On  one  side  is  the  Treasury;  on  the  other,  the  State,  \Var  and 
Navy  Building.  The  house  is  set  amid  the  President's  Grounds,  with  trees  and 
flower  beds  and  fountains  and  sloping  lawns.  The  grounds  merge  into  the  Mall,  and 
stretch  away  to  the  Monument  and  the  Potomac.  To  the  slopes  south  of  the  house 
\Yashington  children  repair  for  their  Easter  egg  rolling  on  Easter  Monday,  where 
scores  of  brilliantly  colored  eggs  are  sent  rolling  and  tumbling  down  the  banks.  The 
custom  is  of  European  origin,  and  comes  from  an  earlier  one  known  to  the  children 
of  the  Pharaohs.  Concerts,  open  to  the  public,  are  given  in  the  east  grounds  by  the 
Marine  Band  on  Saturday  afternoons,  from  June  to  September  inclusive. 

Lafayette  Square  is  beautiful  with  trees  and  flowers,  and  rich  in  his-  Lafayette 
torical  associations.     At  the  southeast  entrance  is  the  bronze  and  marble  s<iuare 
memorial  erected  by  Congress  to  commemorate  the  distinguished  services  of 
Lafayette  and  other  French  officers  in  the  cause  of  the  Colonies.     On  the 
northeast  is  the  Rochambeau  monument.     In  the  center  of  the  square  is 
Clark  Mills's  equestrian  statue  of  Gen.  Jackson,  as  the  hero  of  the  Battle 
of  New  Orleans. 

St.  John's  Church,  on  the  north  of  the  square,  was  built  in  1816,  and  st>  John>s 
next  to  Christ  Church   (1795),  near  the  Navy  Yard,  is  the  oldest  in  the 
city.     One  of  its  pews  is  set  apart  for  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
and  it  is  sometimes  called  the  Church  of  State.     Many  of  the  houses  sur- 
rounding the  square  possess  interesting  associations  as  the  homes  of  public 


11'asliin^tini.  the  Nation's  Capital. 


THE   BLUE   ROOM. 


THE   T.REEN    ROOM 


THE   CORCORAN   GALLERY. 


In  some  years  the  Gallery  is  closed  during  July,  August  and  September. 

THE  Corcoran  Gallery  of  Art  is  on   Seventeenth  street,  extending 
from    New    York    avenue    to    E    street,    just    southwest    of    the 
White  House  and  State  Department.     On  Tuesdays,  Thursdays, 
Saturdays,   Sundays  and  holidays  admission   is   free.     On   other 
d:iys  a  fee  of  25  cents  is  charged.     For  hours  see  time  table. 

The  Gallery  was  founded  and  endowed  by  the  late  William  W.  Cor- 
coran in  1869,  as  a  gift  to  the  public,  "for  the  perpetual  establishment  and 
encouragement  of  the  Fine  Arts" ;  and  its  collections  have  grown  in  ex- 
tent and  value  until  now  the  Corcoran  is  one  of  the  chief  places  of 
interest  in  Washington.  It  occupies  a  noble  building,  of  Georgia  white 
marble,  above  whose  entrance  is  the  inscription,  chosen  by  Mr.  Corcoran : 
"Dedicated  to  Art."  Below  the 
elaborately  carved  cornice  runs 
a  frieze  bearing  the  names  of 
painters  and  sculptors — Phidias, 
Giotto,  Diirer,  Michelangelo, 
Raphael,  Velasquez  Rembrandt, 
Rubens,  Reynolds,  Allston, 
Ingres.  The  lions  on  either  side 
of  the  doorway  are  copies  of  the 
famous  lions  by  Canova,  which 
guard  the 
Tomb  of 
C  1  e  m  e  n  t 
XIII..  in 
St.  Peter's, 
at  Rome. 

From  the 
vestibule 
one  obtains 
a  n  impos- 
ing vista  of 
the  central 
Sculpture 


The  Building 


VELA  S    NAPOLEON. 

99 


KM) 


the  Xation's  Capital. 


Hall  and  the  grand  stair- 
M  beyond.      I  his  central 

Atrium  lul1-  "r  :itriuin-  i>;  '70x50- 
ft..  with  forty  fluted  col- 
nmns  supporting  the  ceil- 
ing.  through  which  two 
\vell<  admit  the  light  from 
the  roof  skylight  high 
above.  The  hall  is  devot- 
ed to  casts  from  antique 
and  Renaissance  sculpture. 
Other  rooms  on  this  floor 
contain  original  marbles, 
casts,  bronzes,  and  other 
collections.  The  grand 
staircase  leads  to  the  sec- 
ond-story atrium,  an 
apartment  of  magnificent 
proportions.  Thirty  fluted 
columns  of  white  marble 
support  the  immense  sky- 
light of  the  roof;  the  walls 
are  hung  with  paintings; 
and  the  light-wells  give  an 
overlook  of  the  Hall  of 
Sculpture  below.  On  the 
first  floor  is  a  semi-circular 
room  for  lectures;  and  the 
Corcoran  School  of  Art  is 
I'eneronsly  provided  with 
studios  and  class  rooms  on 
the  two  floors.  Informa- 
tion concerning  the  School 
may  be  obtained  of  the 
Curator. 

It  would  manifestly  be 
impossible  to  note  here 
even  briefly  the  objects 
which  claim  attention. 
Visitors  should  provide 
themselves  with  the  Cata- 
logue (to  he  had  at  the 
door,  price  25  cents),  jn 
which  will  he  found  most 
Ancient  valuable  and  helpful  notes. 
Sculpture  - 


from  ancient  sculpture  is  a 
series    of  the   marbles   of 


VENTS    OF    MELOS. 


_«  as 

SH 


9)     t« 

5  * 


a: 

M 


IOJ 


,  the  Nation's  Capital. 


Ancient  the  Frieze  and  Pediments  of  the  Parthenon;  and  first  among  the  single 
Sculpture  V[.,I,K,  1^  i IK-  Venus  of  Melos.  The  original  was  discovered  in  iH_>o  by 
;i  pea>ant  of  the  island  of  Milo  (the  ancient  Melos)  while  digging  near 
some  sepulchral  grottoes.  "It  now  stands  in  the  Louvre,  the  pride  of 
1'aris.  and  the  admiration  of  the  world.  Its  sculptor  is  unknown,  but  by 
the  grandeur  of  its  style  it  is  justly  assigned  to  tht  era  between  Phidias 
;md  Praxiteles  [432-392  B.  C],  and -is  considered  the  greatest  statue  of 
woman's  form  the  world  now  holds."  Among  other  subjects  are  the 
Discobolos  or  Quoit-thrower,  Venus  de  Medici,  Minerva,  Laocoon.  Dying 
(lalathn  (commonly  called  the  Dying  Gladiator),  Apollo  Belviderc,  Torso 
of  Hercules.  Boy  Extracting  a  Thorn  from  his  Foot,  Hermes  with  Infant 
Dionysos.  Galatian  and  his  Wife,  Nike  from  Samothrake,  Boxer  Resting, 
Thalassa  and  Gaia.  Ariadne  Deserted,  Jason.  On  the  walls  of  the  cor- 
ridors is  a  fine  collection  of  portrait  busts. 

Among  the  Renaissance  subjects  is  a  cast  from  the  west  bronze  door  of 
tlie  Baptistery  at  Florence  by  Ghiberti,  the  ten  panels  containing  designs 
from  the  Old  Testament.  Michelangelo  said  of  the  Ghiberti  Doors  that 
they  were  worthy  of  standing  as  the  gates  to  Paradise.  Donatello  is  repre- 
sented by  his  David  with  the  Head  of  Goliath  ;  Michelangelo  by  the  bust 
of  the  colossal  statue  of  David,  the  mask  of  the  Moses,  reduced  copies 
of  Day,  Night,  Dawn  ind  Twilight  from  the  Tomb  of  the  Medici  family, 
the  Slaves  for  the  Julius  monument,  and  other  examples;  Luca  della 
Rolibia  by  the  Singing  Boys. 

Among  the  marbles,  Guarnerio's  Forced  Prayer  never  fails  to  attract 


IMF    fORrORA,V    GAI I ERY 


Key-Pictures  of  Corcoran  Gallery  Paintings.  103 


COR01  — WOOD  GATHE 


104  Kc\-l'icln>TS  of  Cornwall   (Jailer y 


The  Corcoran  Art  Gallery. 


105 


THE    CREEK     SLAVE. 


attention.  The  most  celebrated  Marbles 
of  the  marbles  are  Vincenzo 
Velas'  Last  Days  of  Napoleon 
I.,  and  the  Greek  Slave,  by 
Hiram  Powers,  of  Vermont. 
An  interesting  and  suggest- 
ive note  of  the  development 
of  art  in  this  country  is  found 
in  the  record  that  when  the 
Greek  Slave  was  first  exhibited, 
in  Cincinnati,  "a  delegation  of 
clergymen  was  sent  to  judge 
whether  it  were  fit  to  be  seen 
by  Christian  people.  Its  purity 
of  sentiment  and  harmonious 
form  established  its  right  to 
exist." 

The  Barye  Room  contains  a  Barye 
series   of  more   than   one   hun- 
dred   Rarye   bronzes,   the   Cor- 
coran   Gallery    possessing    the 
largest  collection  in  the  world. 

There  are  exhibits  of  Cloi- 
sonne, porcelains  and  glass, 
and  reproductions  of  antiques. 

Of  the   well-known   canvases   Paintings 
may  be  named  Rousseau's  Farm 
in  the  Wood,  Detaille's  Passing 
Regiment,    Richards'    Coast   of 
New  Jersey,  Church's  Niagara 
Falls.     THE   STANDARD   GUIDE  standard 
gives  miniature  key  pictures  of  Guide 

eighteen  of  the   Corcoran  can-       y 

,   .  ...  Pictures 

vases,  and  it  does  this  both  to 

suggest  what  the  visitor  to  the 
gallery  should  see,  and  after- 
ward to  prompt  the  recollection 
of  the  pictures  one  has  seen. 
Albert  Bierstadt's  Mount  Cor- 
coran is  a  peak  of  the  southern 
Sierra  Nevadas,  named  in  com- 
pliment to  Mr.  Corcoran.  A 
portrait  of  Mr.  Corcoran  (born 
1798,  died  1888),  by  Elliott,  is 
one  of  an  extensive  series  of 
portraits  of  Americans,  and 
representing  the  works  of  early 
American  artists. 


THE  WASHINGTON  MONUMENT. 

"LAY  the  corner  stone  of  a  monument  which  shall  adequately  bespeak  the  gratitude 
of  I  IK-  «liolc  American  people  to  the  illustrious  Father  of  his  Country.  Build  it  to  the 
-kn-;  y«.u  cannot  outreach  the  loftiness  of  his  principles!  Found  it  upon  the  massive 
:MI.|  cu-mal  n.ck;  you  cannot  make  it  more  enduring  than  his  fame!  Construct  it  of 
the  (K-crlcss  Parian  marble,  you  cannot  make  it  purer  than  his  life!  Exhaust  upon  it 
the  nilis  ;MI<|  principles  of  ancient  and  modern  art;  you  cannot  make  it  more  pro- 
•  •nate  than  his  character!"— Wiutkrop's  Oration  at  the  laying  of  the  Comer  Stone. 

THE  Monument  is  situated  in  Washington  Park,  a  part  of  the  Mall  near  14th  street, 

Situation    ,  j  ..  nll|Cs  fnim  t|le  Capitol.    It  is  reached  by  Pennsylvania  avenue  cars,  with  transfer 

c:  cents   extra   fare)   at   14th   street.     A   stairway  of  900  steps  leads  to  the  top.     An 

i-li-vator  carrying  visitors  without  charge  ascends   half-hourly.    For  hours,  see  Time 

Table. 


T 


HE  WASHINGTON  NATIONAL  MONUMENT  is  an  impos- 
ing shaft  of  white  marble  rising  from  an  elevation  on  the  Mall 
near  the  Potomac.  It  is  seen  towering  against  the  sky  long  be- 
fore one  reaches  Washington :  and  in  the  city  its  tremendous 
height  confronts  one  at  every  turn  and  his  place  in  a  thousand  vistas. 
From  the  avenues  and  parks,  from  the  Capitol,  the  White  House,  the  hills 
»f  the  Soldiers'  Home,  the  heights  of  Arlington,  and  from  far  down  the 
Potomac  on  the  way  to  Mt.  Vernon,  go  where  you  will,  an  ever  promi- 
nent feature  of  the  landscape  is  the  Monument.  Seen  at  different  times  of 
the  day  it  has  a  new  character  for  each  new  hour;  its  appearance  changes 
with  the  varying  lights,  and  with  alternations  of  clear  sky  and  cloud.  In 
strrmy  weather  it  suggests  a  mountain  peak  standing  immovable  with  the 
mists  driving  by. 

Dimensions  The  Monument  is  an  obelisk.  Its  height  from  floor  of  entrance  to  tip 
'-  555-ft-  5MHn.  The  shaft  is  5OO-ft.  S'^-in.  in  height,  55-ft.  square  at  base. 
.'4-ft.  at  top.  The  pyramidon  (or  pyramid-shaped  section  above)  is  55-ft. 
in  height,  and  terminates  in  a  pyramid  of  pure  aluminum.  The  walls  are 
i.S-ft.  in  thickness  at  the  entrance,  and  taper  to  i8-in.  at  the  top  of  the 
shaft.  The  facing  is  of  pure  white  marble  from  Maryland,  the  interior 
backing  is  of  gneiss  and  New  England  granite.  The  foundation,  of  rock 
and  cement,  is  36-ft.  deep,  126-ft.  square. 

The  Monument  is  the  highest  work  of  masonry  in  the  world,  and  is 
exceeded  in  height  only  by  the  Eiffel  Tower,  of  iron,  9&4-ft.  The  highest 
other  structures  of  the  world  are:  Philadelphia  Municipal  Building  537- 
ft  :  Cologne  Cathedral,  524- ft. ;  Pyramid  of  Cheops,  52o-ft.;  St.  Peter's, 


The  interior  is  lighted  by  electricity,  which  affords  opportunity  of 
seeing  the  memorial  stones  which  are  set  in  the  inner  face  of  the  Monu- 
ment. Glimpse*  of  S<  -,ie  of  these  may  be  had  from  the  elevator,  but  the 
inscriptions  may  be  read  only  from  the  platforms.  The  series  begins  at 
tin-  .w-ft.  landing  and  extends  to  a  height  of  28o-ft.  The  179  stones  were 
mted  from  various  sources  as  tributes  to  Washington,  and  many 

them  are  notable  for  their  beauty,  elaborate  carving  or  origin. 

"    •  .106 


THE     WASHINGTON     MONUMENT. 


I08  irashin»ii>n.  the  Xalinn's  ('<//>//<//. 

l-'.irty  States  are  reprc.-cnted.  and  sixteen  cities;  fifteen  lodges  of  Free 
Masons,  thirteen  of  Odd  Fellows,  seven  of  Sons  of  Temperance,  and  nu- 
merous political  organizations,  debating  societies  and  others  long  since 
forgotten.  Fire  departments  with  the  antiquated  machines  of  forty  years 
ago.  public  schools,  the  "Oldest  Inhabitants'  Association  of  Washington," 
"Sons  of  New  England  in  Canada."  "Americans  residing  in  Foo-Chow. 
China,  1857,"  and  a  long  list  of  others  have  left  the  records  of  their  patriot- 
ism. There  are  stones  from  Braddock's  Field,  the  Battle-field  of  Long 
Island,  Otter's  Summit  (Virginia's  loftiest  peak),  the  ruins  of  ancient 
Carthage,  the  Temple  of  /Escitlapius — Isle  of  Paros,  Vesuvius,  the  Alex- 
andrian Library  •»  Egypt,  the  Tomb  of  Napoleon  at  St.  Helena.  Greece 
sends  a  block  of  marble  from  the  Parthenon,  Turkey  a  beautifully  carved 
mirble,  Switzerland  a  stone  from  the  Chapel  of  William  Tell,  "built  at  the 
spot  where  he  escaped  from  Gessler."  Other  foreign  countries  repre- 
sented are  Japan,  China.  Siam,  Brazil,  and,  curiously  enough  to  be  classed 
here,  the  Cherokee  Nation.  On  the  aluminum  tip  at  the  summit  is  in- 
scribed Laus  Deo. 

At  the  height  of  5O4-ft.  the  walls  are  pierced  with  eight  port-openings 
or  windows,  two  in  each  face,  which  afford  extensive  views  on  every  side. 
Immediately  below,  and  stretching  away  to  the  White  House  on  the  north 
View  and  the  Capitol  on  the  east,  is  the  beautiful  landscape  gardening  of  the 
Mall  and  the  parks,  the  city  beyond,  and  then  the  hills  rolling  away  to  the 
horizon.  On  an  eminence  in  the  northeast  is  the  Soldiers'  Home;  on  the 
Virginia  hills  to  the  west  is  Arlington;  on  the  northwest  the  Naval  Ob- 
servatory. The  Potomac's  winding  course  may  be  followed  for  miles,  and 
on  a  clear  day  one  may  discern  in  the  western  distance  the  mountains  of 
the  Blue  Ridge  in  Virginia. 

The  plan  of  providing  a  fitting  memorial  of  Washington's  military  and 
political  services  had  its  inception  during  his  lifetime.  As  early  as  1783 
History  Congress  resolved  to  erect  a  marble  monument,  and  Washington  is  said 
himself  to  have  selected  the  site  afterward  adopted.  The  project  was  re- 
vived upon  Washington's  death,  but  no  practical  steps  were  taken  toward 
accomplishing  the  purpose  until  the  formation  of  the  Washington  National 
Monument  Society,  in  1833.  Funds  were  raised  by  popular  subscription 
and  the  Society  adopted  the  plans  of  Robert  Mills,  which  provided  for  a 
Pantheon  loo-ft.  high  with  a  colonnade,  a  colossal  statue  over  the  portico 
of  Washington  in  a  chariot  with  six  horses  driven  by  Victory,  and  a  central 
obelisk  6oo-ft.  high.  All  of  this  but  the  obelisk  was  subsequently  aban- 
doned. The  corner  stone  was  laid  in  1848.  By  1855  the  shaft  had  at- 
tained a  height  of  152-ft. :  then  the  funds  having  been  exhausted  the  con- 
duction was  suspended,  not  to  be  resumed  until  1878,  when  Congress 
having  appropriated  money  for  its  completion  the  work  was  put  under  the 
lirection  of  Col.  Thomas  L.  Casey,  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers;  and  the 
finished  Monument  was  dedicated  on  Feb.  21.  1885.  The  orator  on  that 
ion  was  the  venerable  Robert  C  Winthrop.  who  thirty-seven  years 
l»efore  had  delivered  the  oration  at  the  laying  of  the  corner  stone.  "  The 
total  cost  of  the  Monument  has  been  $1,300.000. 


THE  TREASURY. 

THE  TREASURY  is  on  Pennsylvania  avenue  at  isth  street.  Open  from  9  to  2  daily;  bin 
the  tour  of  the  building  may  be  made  only  between  n  and  12  and  i  and  2.  The  Pennsyl- 
vania avenue  car  should  be  left  at  the  regular  stopping  point  on  isth  street,  near  the 
north  basement  Treasury  entrance  on  that  street. 

THE  BUREAU  OF  ENGRAVING  AND  PRINTING  is  on  i4th  street,  south  of  the  Monu- 
ment grounds.  Reached  by  Pennsylvania  avenue  car,  which  transfer  at  i4th  street  to 
nth  street  car  (2  cents  extra  fare).  Open  to  visitors  from  9  to  11:45  and  12:30  to  3:00. 
No  pass  required. 

SECOND  only  to  the  Capitol  itself  in  architectural  importance  is 
the  Treasury  Building,  an  imposing  structure  of  sandstone  and 
granite,  having  a  total  length  of  45o-ft.  and  a  width  of  25o-ft.     The 
east  front   on    Fifteenth   street   is   adorned   with  a  colonnade   of 
thirty-eight  stately   Ionic  columns,  after  those  of  the  Temple  of  Minerva  at 
Athens;   and  on  the  north,  the  west  and  the  south  fronts  are  porticoes  of 
similar  columns.     There  is  reason  to  regret  that  the  architect,   Robert 
Mills,  did  not  have  his  way  in  the  design  of  setting  the  building  amid 
grounds  commensurate  with  it  in  dignity  and  beauty,  instead  of  obtrud- 
ing it  unceremoniously  upon  the  thoroughfare;    but  the  story  goes  that 
President  Jackson  became  impatient  at  the  long  delayed  choosing  of  a 
site,  and  finally  stuck  his  cane  down  into  the  ground  one  morning  and  or- 
dered, "Build  it  here."     And  here  it  is  to-day. 

The  impression  the  structure  gives  is  of  enduring  solidity  and  secur- 
ity, and  it  is  fitting  that  this  should  be  so;  for,  while  the  200  rooms  on 
each  floor  of  the  building  are  devoted  to  a  surprisingly  varied  range  of 
activities,  the  Treasury  is  first  of  all  a  financial  institution,  and  it  is  as  the 
Bank  of  the  Nation  that  it  has  most  interest.  To  study  its  various  opera- 
tions, one  should  visit  the  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing  (in  another 
building);  the  Division  of  Issue,  the  Redemption  Division,  the  Bond  and 
Silver  and  Gold  Vaults,  and  Cash  Room.  The  Cash  Room  may  be  seen 
at  any  time  from  9  to  2;  no  pass  is  required.  To  be  shown  the  other 
rooms,  one  should  time  a  visit  between  n  and  12,  or  I  and  2. 

The  Cash  Room  is  near  the  Pennsylvania  avenue  entrance,  on  the 
first  floor;  but  may  be  seen  to  better  advantage  from  the  gallery,  to  which 
doors  give  access  from  the  corridor  of  the  second  floor.  The  walls  are  of 
choice  American  and  Italian  marbles,  and  the  room  is  one  of  the  costliest 
in  the  world.  As  the  name  denotes,  the  Cash  Room  is  a  cashier's  office. 
Here  the  Treasury  cashes  the  various  warrants  drawn  upon  it  and  pre- 
sented here  for  payment.  The  daily  transactions  run  into  tha  millions;  a 
warrant  once  handed  in  and  cashed  without  a  moment's  delay  came  over 

109 


,  ,0  //  'nslun  .;•/"".  I  lie  Nation's  Capital. 

from  the  Pension  Bureau,  and  the  figures  upon  it  called  for  $1,000,000. 
The  visitor  himself  may  have  a  part  in  the  business  of  the  Cash  Room  by 
presenting  at  one  of  the  steel  screened  windows  a  warrant  on  the  Gov: 
ernment.  in  the  shape  of  a  national  currency  bill,  and,  receiving  coin  for 

•  its  face  value,  may  thus  complete  the  round  of  circulation  of  that  particu- 
lar piece  of  paper  as  money.  Having  gone  out  originally  from  this  very 
building  as  new  currency,  having  passed  through  innumerable  hands  in 
exchange  for  a  thousand  and  one  different  things,  and  having  now  found 
its  way  back  again,  old  and  worn,  it  will  here  be  redeemed,  and  then  as 
money  no  longer,  but  just  plain  paper,  it  will  be  destroyed. 

The  system  of  making  new  money,  exchanging  new  for  old,  and  de- 
stroying the  old,  is  what  one  sees  at  the  Treasury;  and  it  is  all  so  interest- 
ing that  we  are  likely  to  count  the  half-hour  spent  here  as  among  the  best 
to  be  remembered  of  the  National  Capitol. 

From  ii  to  12  in  the  morning,  and  from  i  to  2  in  the  afternoon,  visit- 
lour  ors  who  present  themselves  at  the  office  of  the  United  States  Treasurer, 
Room  96,  on  the  first  floor,  are  escorted  through  the  money  departments 
of  the  institution.  If  you  give  your  attention  to  the  very  courteous  and 
well-informed  messenger  who  conducts  the  party,  you  will  hear  him  re- 
late of  the  several  phases  of  the  work  what  is  told  in  the  following  pages. 
We  shall  depart,  however,  from  the  order  in  which  for  convenience  the 
several  rooms  are  shown,  that  we  may  follow  the  course  of  a  piece  of  paper 
money  through  all  the  successive  stages  of  manufacture,  issue,  redemp- 
tion and  destruction.  To  do  this  we  must  begin  at  the  Bureau  of  Engrav- 
ing and  Printing. 
Bureau  The  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing  is  a  branch  of  the  Treasury. 

of  Here  are  printed  the  Government  bonds  and  the  national  currency,  to- 
EngravinK  gether  wjth  postage  and  revenue  stamps,  military,  naval  and  diplomatic 
Printing  commissions.  passports,  etc.     Specimens  of  the  work  of  the  Bureau  are 
exhibited  in  the  waiting  room  and  in  the  halls,  and  series  of  currency  are 
displayed  in  various  stages  of  completion.     There  is  a  series  of  old-time 
fractional  currency — shinplasters;  and  a  $10,000  silver  certificate,  the  larg- 
est note  issued. 

The  actual  work  of  engraving  the  plates  is  not  shown.  This  is  sur- 
rounded with  the  utmost  precaution  to  guard  against  abstraction  of  the 
plates;  they  are  closely  watched  by  day,  and  are  locked  in  the  vaults  by 
night.  The  original  plate  itself  is  never  printed  from,  but  a  replica  is 
made  of  it  for  actual  use.  This  is  the  Bureau's  device  to  guard  against 
the  possibility  of  being  itself  a  counterfeiter  of  the  currency.  For,  if  an 
accident  should  happen  to  a  plate,  it  would  have  to  be  replaced  by  a  new 
one;  and  no  matter  how  nearly  like  the  original  the  new  one  might  be 
engraved,  it  would  not  be  that  original,  but  a  copy  of  it,  and  a  note 
printed  from  the  new  plate  would  not  be  an  original,  but  a  copy  of  that 
original,  i.  e.,  a  counterfeit.  Whereas,  if  the  replica  should  be  injured,  a 
new  replica  would  be  a  new  original  printing  plate.  A  specimen  plate  is 
shown  of  the  portrait  of  Burnside,  which,  however,  does  not  belong  on 
a  Treasury  note;  and  with  it  is  exhibited  the  roller  used  to  transfer  the 
engraving  from  the  plate  to  the  replica  which  ,s  to  be  printed  from 


1 1 J 


Washington,  the  Xation's  Capital. 


BUREAU   OF  ENGRAVING   AND   PRINTING. 


THE    MACERATER. 


The  Treasury.  113 

The  first  process  that  one  witnesses  is  the  printing  of  the  notes.  In  Printing 
this  500  employes  are  engaged.  The  paper  used  is  the  peculiar  silk-  the 
fibered  paper  made  at  the  Crane  Mills  in  Dalton,  Mass.  Its  manufacture  is  Notes 
a  closely  guarded  trade  secret,  and  the  law  forbids  possession  by  others  of 
any  such  paper  or  its  imitation.  It  is  received  in  packages  of  1,000  sheets. 
This  1,000  count,  beginning  at  the  paper  mill  in  Massachusetts,  is  main- 
tained throughout  every  department  of  the  Bureau,  and  is  continued  after 
the  notes  reach  the  Treasury.  To  each  pressman  1,000  sheets  are  given  at 
a  time.  The  printing  is  done  on  hand-presses.  Each  pressman  has  a  young 
woman  assistant.  Each  sheet  makes  four  notes.  A  pressman  prints  500 
sheets  a  day,  on  one  side  only.  From  this  floor  the  printed  sheets  go  to 
the  one  below,  where  the  count  is  verified.  Then  they  pass  to  the  number- 
ing machines,  which  impress  upon  them  in  blue  ink  the  distinctive  series 
letter  and  the  number  of  each  note.  The  machines  are  purely  automatic 
as  to  the  progression  of  the  numbers.  The  numbered  notes  are  counted 
for  the  last  time,  and  wrapped  in  packages  of  1,000  sheets  each,  to  be 
taken  to  the  Treasury. 

There  are  fourteen  departments  and  1,400  employes;  each  piece  of  work 
passes  through  the  hands  of  thirty  different  people.  An  elaborate  system 
of  receipting  prevails,  and  at  the  closing  hour  everything  is  delivered  into 
the  hands  of  the  custodians,  and  every  count  is  verified  before  the  force 
is  dismissed.  The  rule  prevails  not  only  here,  but  in  the  Issue  and  Re- 
demption Divisions  in  the  Treasury  Building. 

From  the  Bureau  the  currency  is  brought  over  at  9  o'clock  every  morn- 
ing, a  million  dollars  a  day,  in  a  wagon  built  of  steel,  and  attended  by  a 
force  of  guards,  to  the  Treasury,  and  delivered  to  the  Division  of  Issue. 
Here  three  experts  verify  the  contents  of  1,000  sheets  to  the  package,  each 
sheet  being  composed  of  four  notes  of  uniform  denomination.  Then  the 
sheets  are  sent  to  the  Sealing  Room,  where  the  "Red  Seal"  of  the  Register 
of  the  Treasury  is  stamped  upon  them.  The  seal  bears  the  legend  Thesaur.  §eal 
Amer.  Sept.  Sigil.,  an  abbreviation  for  Thesauri  America?  Septentrionalis 
Sigillum — Seal  of  the  Treasury  of  North  America.  The  cutting  machine 
cuts  each  sheet  into  its  four  component  notes,  and  in  new  packages  of  4,000 
bills  the  currency  now  passes  to  its  final  counting.  Each  package  goes 
through  the  hands  of  five  successive  counters. 

The  counters  here  are  the  most  expert  in  the  service,  and  probably  in  E^P*1"* 
the  world.  Their  marvelous  skill,  rapidity  and  accuracy  afford  a  revela- 
tion ol  what  the  trained  hand  and  eye  and  mind  can  do;  their  work  is  as 
the  wt>rk  of  a  perfect  machine.  In  counting  a  package  the  expert  is  seen 
to  lift  each  note  by  the  upper  right-hand  corner;  this  she  does  successively 
one  after  another  with  the  4,000  notes  in  the  package,  and  not  only  does 
she  count  the  note?,  but  scans  also  the  seal  and  detects  any  imperfection. 

The  average  daily  volume  of  new  money  passing  through  the  hands  of 
the  counters  is  a  million  dollars,  made  up  of  320,000  separate  notes.  Every 
package  is  receipted  for  by  each  person  into  whose  hands  it  comes. 

Having  received  the  final  count,  the  money  is  intrusted  to  the  sealing 
clerk,  who  wraps  up  the  packages  (containing  from  $4,000  to  $4,000,000 


H4  ll'ashin^tim,  the  Nation  s  Capital. 

To  each)  in  plebeian  brown  paper,  and  seals  each  package  with  the  Treasury 

«•«  Seal.     The  amount  of  money  received  by  him  at  the  close  of  the  day  must 

Reserve  ,aliy  to  a  donar  wjth  the  amount  brought  in  from  the  Bureau  of  Engraving 

V*Ult  and  Printing.    The  new  money  is  deposited  in  the  currency  reserve  vault 

(not  shown  to  visitors),  where  it  remains  for  two  months  or  more.     As  r.ne 

new  lot  is  added  each  day  to  the  vault,  another  lot  is  taken  out  for  issue. 

to  be  put  into  circulation,  a  goodly  proportion  of  it  destined  eventually 

to  find  its  way  back  to  this  building  as  worn  and  mutilated  currency,  to  be 

redeemed  in  the  Redemption  Division. 

Redemption        In  the  Redemption  Division  old  currency  is  received  to  be  exch-mged 
Division  for  new      it  comes  in  from  banks  throughout  the  country  and  from  the 
Sub-Treasuries.* 

At  every  stage  the  system  of  currency  redemption  is  attended  with  pre- 
Doilar  cautions  to  provide  against  error  and  loss.     For  every  old  dollar  received. 
lor  a  new  dollar  must  be  paid  out;   and  for  every  new  dollar  paid  out,  an  old 
DoU*r  one  must  have  been  received.     To  verify  the  count  a  force  of  expert  count- 
ers is  employed,  whose  skill  is  such  as  to  excite  wonder  and  challenge 
admiration.     Here,  as  in  the  other  departments,  the  counters  are  women. 
P       .        The  money,  brought  by  the  express  companies  in  sealed  packages,  is 
Counter*  delivered  to  the  receiving  clerk,  by  whom  in  turn  the  packages,  still  sealed, 
are  distributed  to  the  counters.     Each  counter  receipts  for  the  package 
given  her,  specifying  the  amount  it  is  said  to  contain.     Having  verified 
the  count,  she  puts  up  the  money  in  new  packages  of  100  bills  each,  :  nd  on 
the  manilla  wrapper  of  each,  at  top  and  bottom,  writes  her  initials  and  the 
amount.     Then  she  takes  the  package  to  the  canceling  machine,  which 
punctures  four  holes  through  it,  two  in  the  upper  half  and  two  in  the  lower. 
She  then  delivers  the  package  of  canceled  notes  to  a  clerk,  who  credits 
her  with  the  account  received.     At  the  close  of  the  day  this  clerk's  record 
of  bills,  counted  and  canceled,  must  tally  with  the  account  of  the  derk  who 
gave  out  the  packages  to  be  counted  and  canceled;    and  such  are  the  ex- 
pertness  and  accuracy  here  prevailing  that  any  discrepancy  is  extremely 
Counterfeit*  rare-    The  expert's  duty  is  not  limited  to  the  counting;    she  must  also 
detect  counterfeits  and  "raised"  bills-,  as  a  $2  to  a  $20.     Practice  makes 
perfect;  the  trained  eye  detects  bad  money  at  a  glance,  the  bill  is  stamped 
"Counterfeit"  in  letters  which  cut  right  through  the  paper,  and  is  re- 
turned to  the  sender,  that  it  may  be  traced  if  possible,  and  is  then  sent  back 
again  to  the  Treasury  for  investigation  by  the  Secret  Service  Division. 

On  each  day  the  canceled  packages  of  the  day  before  are  taken,  each 
package  by  the  one  who  counted  it,  to  the  cutting  knife.  This  is  a  huge 
blade,  which  cuts  the  package  in  two  lengthwise,  each  half  still  having  the 
initials  of  the  counter  and  the  amount  the  package  contains.  The  upper 
half  goes  to  the  Register's  office,  the  lower  one  to  the  office  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury.  In  each  office  the  half-sheets  are  counted,  and  if 
this  final  enumeration  corresponds  with  that  of  the  first  expert,  the  money 

•There  are  Sub-Treasuries  at  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Chicago, 
St.  Louis.  Cincinnati.  New  Orleans  and  San  Francisco.  The  Mints  are  at  Philadelphia. 
New  Orleans.  Denver.  Carson  City  and  San  Francisco. 


The  Trcasiir\.  115 

«s  sent  to  the  macerater  for  destruction.  If  errors  are  discovered  either 
as  to  amount  or  as  to  a  bad  bill  undetected,  the  first  counter  is  held  re- 
sponsible for  the  amount  involved,  and  it  is  deducted  from  her  salary. 

There  is  received  in  the  Redemption  Division  an  average  of  one  mil-  Redemption 
lion  dollars  a  day,  or  more  than  three  hundred  millions  a  year.    The  DJv'8ion 
women  experts  who  handle  these  vast  sums  are  reputed  to  be  the  most 
skilled  counters  of  worn  money  in  the  world.     Their  task  is  more  difficult 
than  that  of  the  counters  of  new  money  in  the  Issue  Division,  for  there 
is  no  order  of  enumeration  to  guide  the  count,  and  much  of  the  currency 
is  worn  and  difficult  to  handle.     There  a/e  certain  of  those  engaged  here 
who  are  of  tried  proficiency,  and  to  them  the  mutilated  currency  is  in- 
trusted. 

In  a  secluded  corner,  not  accessible  by  visitors,  works  an  expert  in 
burned  money,  and  in  shreds  and  patches  of  currency,  which  would  defy 
the  skill  of  one  less  acute  and  patient.  Her  task  is  to  unravel  mysteries,  Saving 
to  solve  problems  which  are  exceedingly  difficult  of  solution.  It  is  a  work  the 
filled  with  compensations;  for  each  new  case  makes  its  own  appeal  to  her 
ever  ready  sympathy,  and  with  every  new  success  comes  the  conscious-  patche« 
ness  that  some  unfortunate  person  has  been  helped.  To  the  editor  of  The 
Standard  Guide  was  exhibited  on  a  recent  occasion  the  particular  work 
then  in  hand.  There  were  pulpy  bits  of  money  which  had  been  chewed 
by  swine,  in  which  traces  had  been  made  out  of  a  $10  note  and  another  of 
$5;  fragments  ot  two  $500  notes,  supposed  to  have  been  torn  up  and 
thrown  away  by  a  Chicago  man  before  committing  suicide;  the  ashes  of 
one  $10  and  two  $5  notes,  which  a  woman  had  hidden  in  a  grate  and  after- 
ward set  fire  to.  There  are  restrictions  upon  the  redemption  of  such  frag- 
ments of  money,  the  amount  allowed  being  proportioned  to  the  pieces 
identified  in  such  a  way  as  to  make  overpayment  impossible.  If  three- 
fifths  of  a  note  are  received,  the  bill  is  redeemable  at  its  full  face  value;  if 
less  than  three-fifths  and  more  than  two-fifths,  at  one-half  the  value;  any 
part  less  than  two-fifths  is  not  redeemed  unless  proof  is  presented  that  the 
rest  was  destroyed. 

In  the  macerater  the  canceled  notes  pass  through  the  final  process  of  The 
destruction.  The  macerater  is  a  huge  spherical  receptacle  of  steel,  which 
contains  water  and  is  fitted  in  the  interior  with  closely  set  knives,  which, 
as  they  revolve,  grind  the  contents  exceedingly  fine.  The  massive  lid  is 
secured  by  three  Yale  locks,  each  with  its  own  individual  key.  The  key 
of  one  lock  is  held  by  the  Treasurer,  of  another  by  the  Secretary,  and  of 
the  third  by  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency.  Every  day  at  one  o'clock 
these  three  officials  or  their  deputies,  with  a  fourth  one,  designated  by  the 
Secretary  to  represent  the  banks  and  the  people,  assemble  at  the  macerater 
to  deposit  in  it  the  money  which  is  to  be  destroyed.  Each  key-holder  un- 
locks his  respective  lock,  the  lid  is  lifted,  the  packages  of  halved  bank 
notes  are  brought,  and  the  macerater — a  veritable  hungry  and  insatiate 
monster — receives  its  million  dollar  tribute.  The  lid  is  shut-to,  the  keys 
are  turned  in  the  locks,  the  machinery  is  put  in  motion,  the  macerater  be- 
gins its  revolutions,  and  the  156  steel  knives  within  are  put  to  their  work. 


.  the  Xation's  Capital. 

Th«  Fach  batch  of  material  is  ground  finely  and  more  finely,  until  at  the  end 
;uc««tor  Of  four  or  five  days  its  maceration  is  complete.     The  committee  of  foni 
*•*  then  unlock  a  valve  and  the  liquid  pulp  flows  out,  is  screened  into  a  pit 
JI*  below  and  is  thence  transferred  to  the  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing. 
Tribuu  to  be 'rolled  out  into  sheets  of  bookbinders'  board  and  sold  for  $40  a  ton. 
Samples  of  the  million  dollar  money  pulp  are  fashioned  into  various  forms 
for  souvenirs,  and  for  a  fraction  of  a  dollar  one  may  acquire  enough  of  it 
to  make  himself  rich  beyond  the  dreams  of  avarice. 

The  capacity  of  the  macerator  is  one  ton  of  pulp.    The  average  amount 
destroyed  daily  is  a  million  dollars.     The  largest  sum  ever  deposited  in 
the  macerator  by  the  committee  in  one  day  was  $151,000,000,  destroyed  on 
June  27,  1894;  it  consisted  of  national  bank  notes  and  United  States  bonds. 
Among  the  vaults  to  which  the  attention  of  the  visitor  is  directed  are  the 
The  Bond   Vault,  which  contains  the  United   States  bonds   deposited  by  the 
8004  National  Banks  as  security  for  their  own  notes  in  circulation;  Vault  No.  i. 
Va0It  in  the  basement,  containing  silver  dollars ;  and  Vault  No.  2,  containing  sil- 
ver dollars,  fractional  silver  currency  and  gold  coin.    The  gold  held  here  is 
to  supply  the  demand  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  Gold  Reserve  is  held 
in  the  Sub-Treasuries,  where  the  local   demand  for  gold  coin  is  to  be  met.  The 
law  requires  the  Treasury  to  hold  a  reserve  of  at  least  $100,000,000  in  gold 
to  sustain  the  credit  of  the  United  States.     At  every  change  of  Adminis- 
tration, on  the  appointment  of  the  new  Treasurer,  all  the  money  in  the 
several  vaults  is  counted  by  a  committee  of  thirty-five,  who  represent  the 
incoming  and  the  outgoing  officials,  and  it  is  not  until  the  three  months' 
task  has  been  finished  that  the  new  Treasurer  is  prepared  to  receipt  to  his 
predecessor  for  the  precise  sum  delivered  into  his  care  and  keeping. 

There  is  a  carefully  devised  system  of  guarding  the  Treasury.  The  force  of  sixty- 
eight  watchmen — all  of  them  honorably  discharged  from  the  Army  or  Xavy — is  divided 
into  three  reliefs.  They  patrol  the  building  night  and  day,  and  during  the  day  a  special 
force  is  on  hand  at  the  main  door  always  prepared  for  an  emergency.  Electric  bells 
are  turned  in  every  half  hour,  day  and  night,  to  the  Captain's  office.  This  office  is  in 
communication  with  that  of  the  Chief  of  Police,  and  with  Fort  Myer  and  the  Arsenal, 
whence  police,  cavalry  and  artillery  could  be  summoned  and  would  promptly  be  on 
hand.  Arms  are  stored  in  many  of  the  rooms  where  large  sums  of  money  are  handled : 
with  these  the  Captain  of  the  Watch  could  on  the  instant  arm  a  thousand  men.  The 
offices  of  the  Treasurer,  the  Assistant  Treasurer  and  the  Cashier  are  connected  by 
wire  with  that  of  the  Captain,  and  in  less  than  thirty  seconds  the  Captain  could 
respond  with  an  armed  force. 

Outside,  watchmen  are  stationed  in  the  watch-houses,  which  are  so  disposed  as  to 
command  the  entire  building.  The  Treasury  day  closes  at  4  o'clock,  at  which  hour 
work  ceases.  At  5  o'clock  all  doors  are  closed,  except  the  main  one,  and  the  keys  are 
delivered  to  the  Captain  of  the  Watch.  By  6  o'clock  every  one  except  the  watchmen 
must  have  left  the  building.  After  that  hour  no  one  is  ever  admitted  except  the 
Secretary,  the  Treasurer  and  the  Treasurer's  Chief  Clerk. 

Other  branches  of  the  Treasury  Department  have  to  do  with  a  variety  of  interests; 
among  them  are  the  Supervising  Architect  of  Government  buildings  throughout  the 
United  States,  Bureau  of  Navigation,  Lighthouse  Board,  Life-Saving  Service,  Steam- 
boat Inspection,  and  the  Customs  and  Internal  Revenue. 


PERFORATING  STAMPS. 


PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE  FROM  THE  TREASURY. 


STATE,  WAR  AND  NAVY. 

THE  STATE,  WAR  AND  NAVY  BUILDING,  on  Pennsylvania  avenue  west  of  the  White 
House,  is  open  to  visitors  from  9  to  2.  Take  the  elevator  in  the  corridor  on  the  right 
(Pennsylvania  avenue  entrance)  to  second  floor.  The  doorkeepers  will  give  admission 
to  the  ante-rooms. 

WITH  a  frontage  of  342-ft.  on  Pennsylvania  avenue,  and  a  depth 
of  S65-ft.,  the  four-storied  granite  structure  of  the  State,  War 
and  Navy  Department  ranks  as  the  largest  and  most  magni- 
ficent office  building  in  the  world.     It  has  500  rooms  and  two 
miles  of  marble  halls.     The  stairways  are  of  granite  with  balusters  of 
bronze,  and  the  entire  construction  is  fireproof;    for  the  records  and  ar- 
chives deposited  within  its  walls  are  priceless  and  beyond  restoration. 

The  War  Department  occupies  the  west  wing,  the  Navy  Department 
the  east  wing,  and  the  State  Department  the  south.  The  main  entrance 
to  all  of  these  is  on  the  Pennsylvania  avenue  front.  The  offices  of  the 
Secretaries,  on  the  second  floor,  are  accessible  qnly  for  business;  but  the 
richly  furnished  ante-rooms  may  be  inspected. 

The  walls  of  the  corridor  of  the  Secretary  of  War's  offices  and  the  War 
ante-room  show  a  series  of  portraits  of  Secretaries,  beginning  with  Henry 
Knox  (1789,  Washington's  first  administration)  and  including  many  men 
whose  names  are  household  words  in  American  homes.  Of  chief  and 
peculiar  interest  are  Huntington's  portraits  of  Grant,  Sherman  and  Sheri- 
dan, the  three  frames  grouped  with  a  drapery  of  the  Stars  and  Stripes  and 
a  silken  standard  of  the  Arms  of  the  United  States.  The  Washington 
portrait  is  a  copy  of  an  original  by  Gilbert  Stuart. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  hall  are  the  Headquarters  of  the  Army  and  Washington's 
the  office  of  the  Commander-in-Chief.     In  the  hall  above  are  shown  mod-  Life  Guard 
els  of  the  uniform  of  the  Army  at  various  periods  of  the  service.     Among 
the  groups  is  one  which  represents  the  dress  of  Washington's  Life  Guard. 
The  service,  formed  in  1776,  consisted  of  180  men,  who  were  carefully  se- 
lected for  their  soldierly  qualities  and  trustworthiness.     Each  of  the  Thir- 
teen States  are  represented.     The  duty  of  the  members  was  to  serve  as  a 
special  body  guard  of  the  General,  his  baggage,  papers,  etc.     The  motto  of 
the  Guard  was,  "Conquer  or  die." 

In  the  ante-room  of  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  may  be  seen 
portraits  of  former  Secretaries;  the  series  is  incomplete.  In  the  corridor 
are  models  of  war  vessels.  The  Naval  Library  is  on  the  fourth  floor. 

In  the  ante-room  of  the  Secretary  of  State's  office  are  portraits  of  for- 
mer Secretaries,  with  others  in  the  Diplomatic  Reception  Room,  the  talon 
tn  which  the  Secretary  receives  foreign  ministers. 

119 


j^o  ll'ashington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 

The  portraits  here  are  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  1789,  Washington  s  first  term;  Daniel 
Webster.  1841  and  1850;  William  H.  Seward,  1861  and  1865;  Elihu  B.  Washburue  1869; 
Hamilton  Fish,  1869;  Wm.  M.  Evarts,  1877;  James  G.  Elaine,  1881  and  1889;  and  F.  T. 
Frelinghuysen.  1881.  A  portrait  of  Lord  Ashburton  recalls  the  "Ashburton  Treaty" 
of  1842,  which  defined  the  boundaries  between  the  United  States  and  the  British  Pos- 
sessions in  North  America,  and  provided  for  the  suppression  of  the  slave  trade. 

State        The  State  Library. on  the  third  floor,  south  corridor,  is  the  most  in- 
Ubrary  terestjng  room  in  the  building,  not  alone  for  its  50,000  volumes,  rare  and 
valuable  as  many  of  them  are,  but  for  the  national  heirlooms  treasured 
here.     Foremost  among  these  is  a  facsimile  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence.   Near  the  facsimile  hangs  the  original  of  Thomas  Jefferson's 
The  first  draft  of  the  instrument.     It  is  in  his  hand,  with  interlineations  by 
Declaration  Franklin  and  John  Adams.     The  original  of  the  Constitution  and  of  Wash- 
ington's commission  as  Commander-in-Chief  are  preserved  in  the  safe. 
Other  objects  of  interest  displayed  are: 

Washington's  The  Sword  of  Washington.  It  is  encased  in  a  sheath  of  black  leather, 
Sword  with  silver  mountings.  The  handle  is  of  ivory,  pale  green,  wound  with 
silver  wire.  The  belt,  of  white  leather,  has  silver  mountings.  The  sword 
was  among  the  four  bequeathed  by  Washington  to  his  four  nephews.  This 
one  was  chosen  by  Samuel  Washington,  who  willed  it  to  his  son,  Samuel 
T.  Washington,  by  whom  it  was  presented  to  Congress  in  1843.  There  are 
also  shown  some  volumes  of  Washington's  Diaries. 

Franklin'*  The  Staff  of  Franklin.  Franklin  bequeathed  it  to  Washington,  his  will 
Staff  providing:  "My  fine  crab-tree  walking  stick,  with  a  gold  head  curiously 
wrought  in  the  form  of  the  cap  of  liberty,  I  give  to  my  friend,  and  the 
friend  of  mankind,  General  Washington.  If  it  were  a  scepter,  he  has 
merited  it,  and  would  become  it.  It  was  a  present  to  me  from  that  ex- 
cellent woman,  Madame  De  Forbach,  the  dowager  duchess  of  Deux- 
Ponts."  Washington  left  it  to  his  brother,  Charles  Washington,  by  whose 
grandson,  Samuel  T.  Washington,  it  was  presented  to  Congress,  with 
Washington's  sword,  in  1843.  There  are  also  buttons  from  Franklin's 
dress  coat. 

Thomas  Jefferson's  desk,  on  which  he  wrote  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. 

Seal       The  Great  Seal  of  the  United  States  is  shown  in  wax  replica.    The  seal 

of  the  was  adopted  by  Congress  in  1782.    The  arms  consist  of  an  American  eagle 

State*  suPPortmS  an  escutcheon  on  his  breast,  and  holding  in  his  talons  an  olive 

branch  and  a  bundle  of  thirteen  arrows,  and  in  his  beak  a  scroll  inscribed 

with  the  motto  E  Pluribus  Unum.    Above  is  a  glory  with  a  constellation  of 

thirteen  stars.    The  eagle  as  the  national  emblem  is  found  at  every  turn  in 

Washington. 

Hull  A  silver  set,  presented  by  citizens  of  Philadelphia,  1812,  to  Capt.  Isaac 
Relics  Hull,  commander  of  the  American  frigate  Constitution,  in  commemoration 
of  his  victory  of  Aug.  19,  1812,  when  he  destroyed  the  British  man-of-war 
Guerriere.  Also  a  brace  of  pistols  and  a  sword,  presented  to  him  by  Con- 
necticut for  a  similar  memorial.  The  American  frigate  Constitution  (Old 
Ironsides)  was  built  at  Boston  in  1797.  At  the  beginning  of  the  War  of 
1812.  she  was  commanded  by  Capt.  Isaac  Hull.  On  Aug.  10,  1812,  she 


State,  War  and  Navy. 


121 


GERMAN  EMBASSY. 


122 


//  'ushington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 


CHINESE  LEGATION. 


RUSSIAN*    EMBASSY. 


JAPANESE    LEGATION-. 


Hedalc 


State,  War  and  Xavy.  123 

took  the  British  ship  Guerriere  in  a  close  fight;  and  for  his  gallantry  Hull 
was  voted  a  gold  medal  by  Congress.  The  Constitution  is  now  a  receiving 
ship 

Washington's  eye-glasses,  given  by  him  to  Lafayette  and  presented  to 
the  United  States  by  Lafayette's  great-grandson,  Count  Octave  Assailly. 
Medals  awarded  by  acts  of  Congress  to  officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy 
for  distinguished  services.  A  whale's  tooth  sent  to  the  United  States  as  a 
treaty  by  the  King  of  the  Fiji  Islands.  Obus  (explosive  shell)  from  the 
Paris  Commune  of  1871.  Presented  by  Minister  Washburne. 

The  State  Department  is  the  depository  for  all  the  engrossed  copies  of  state 
the  laws   of  the  United   States,   all  proclamations  by  the   Executive,   all  Department 
treaties,  pardons,  and  a  thousand  and  one  other  records  and  archives.    The 
Department  of  Justice,  a  branch  of  the  State  Department,  is  opposite  on 
Pennsylvania  avenue. 


CITY    POST    OFFICE   AND    POST    OFFICE   DEPARTMENT 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION 

AND  NATIONAL   MUSEUM. 

Revised  by  courtety  of  Mr.  S.  P.  Langley,  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

The  two  buildings  are  situated  in  the  south  part  of  what  is  commonly  known 
is  the  Smithsonian  Grounds-a  part  of  the  Mall,  near  B  street,  between  7th  and  12th 
streets  They  are  most  easily  reached  by  the  cars  of  the  Capital  Traction  Company, 
through  its  7th  street  division,  although  a  branch  of  the  Metropolitan  Railroad  Com- 
pany called  the  Le  Droit  Park  Line,  is  also  within  a  convenient  distance.  Both 
buildings  are  open  to  the  public  daily,  except  Sunday,  from  9  a.  m.  to  4:30  p.  m. 
There  is  a  public  cafe  at  the  east  end  of  the  Museum  building. 

THE  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION,  which  occupies  a  prominent  place  among 
the  learned  establishments  of  the  world,  was  founded  by  Congress  in 
1846  through  the  generosity  of  James  Smithson,  an  Englishman,  who  in 
1829  bequeathed  his  entire  property  "to  the  United  States  of  America  to 
found  at  Washington,  under  the  name  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  an 
establishment  for  the  increase  and  diffusion  of  knowledge  among  men." 
The  original  fund  of  about  $515,000,  which  with  certain  additions  has  by 
provision  of  law  been  drawing  annually  six  per  cent,  from  the  United 
States  Treasury,  has  no™'  increased  by  accumulations  of  interest  and  by 
the  public-spirited  generosity  of  individual  donors  to  over  $900000. 

The  Smithsonian  Institution  stimulates,  encourages  and  rewards  scien- 
tific investigation  and  study  in  various  departments  of  knowledge.  It 
has  a  library  of  250,000  volumes,  mostly  deposited  with  the  Library  of 
Congress,  and  is  the  custodian  of  the  National  Collections.  It  issues  three 
classes  of  publications,  called  the  "Contributions  to  Knowledge,"  the 
"Smithsonian  Miscellaneous  Collections"  and  the  "Annual  Reports."  The 
first  two  contain  the  record  of  original  scientific  research,  and  the  third, 
popular  papers  relating  to  most  of  the  domains  of  knowledge.  Through 
its  Bureau  of  International  Exchanges  it  furnishes  a  medium  of  inter- 
change between  learned  societies  and  men  not  only  in  this  country  alone, 
but  throughout  the  entire  world,  having  over  twenty  thousand  corre- 
spondents outside  the  United  States  in  every  quarter  of  the  globe  where 
civilized  man  is  found. 

The  Smithsonian  Building  is  constructed  of  red  sandstone ;  it  is  447  x  160 
ft.,  and  the  highest  of  its  nine  towers  is  150  ft.  The  building  is  a 
combination  of  Gothic  and  Romanesque  architecture,  but  the  style  is  one 
poorly  adapted  to  its  purpose.  The  collections  in  the  Smithsonian  Build- 
ing comprise  tens  of  thousands  of  birds,  fishes,  reptiles  and  invertebrates. 
Sponges  and  corals  are  numerous.  The  extensive  archaeological  collec- 
tions are  particularly  rich  in  American  antiquities.  Mexico  and  Porto 
Rico  are  represented  by  special  collections.  There  are  models  of  a  Zuni 
pueblo,  homes  of  the  cliff  dwellers  of  North  America,  and  Swiss  lake  vil- 
lage, with  prehistoric  implements  from  the  cave  dwellers  of  France. 

THE  NATIONAL  MUSEUM,  which  is  under  the  direction  of  the  Institution, 
is  supported  by  an  annual  appropriation  of  Congress.  The  building,  com- 
pleted in  1881,  is  about  330  ft.  square,  and  covers  two  and  one-third  acres. 


Smithsonian  and  National  Museum. 


125 


THE  SMITHSONIAN   INSTITUTION. 

The  collections  have  increased  from  about  190,000  specimens  in  1882  to 
nearly  5,000,000  in  1901.  It  is  the  recognized  depository  for  all  objects 
of  scientific  and  artistic  interest  which  come  into  the  possession  of  the 
Government,  and  its  special  function  is  to  preserve  these  treasures  perpetu- 
ally and  so  to  administer  them  as  to  make  them  serve  the  most  useful 
ends  for  those  who  desire  to  examine  them.  Thus,  while  the  objects  of 
more  popular  interest  are  exhibited  in  the  halls,  the  larger  portions  of 
the  collections  are  stored  away  in  the  laboratories  where  they  can  be  con- 
sulted by  properly  accredited  students  and  investigators. 

Among  the  agencies  which  have  contributed  most  largely  to  building  up 
the  national  collections  may  be  mentioned  the  various  enterprises  of  the 
Government  which  in  early  years  included  explorations  and  surveys 


THE    NATIONAL    MUSEUM. 


126  Washington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 

The    Historical    Collections    of    the    Museum    contain    personal    relics, 

Historical  mcmentoes  and  memorials  of  most  of  the  Presidents  of  the  United  States, 

and  of  scores  of  statesmen,   soldiers   and  others  who  have  had  part  'n 

the  history  of  the  country  and  the  advancement  of  civilization.     Among 

those  of  greatest  popular  interest  are  the  Washington  and  Grant  relics. 

The  Washington  relics  include  the  uniform  General  Washington  wore 
as  Commander-in-Chief,  on  the  occasion  of  resigning  his  commission  at 
Annapolis;  the  camp  chest  with  its  pewter  dishes,  knives,  forks,  cooking 
utensils,  etc.,  used  by  him  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  The  Grant  relics 
were  presented  to  the  United  States  in  1885  by  Mrs.  Julia  Dent  Grant  and 
William  H.  Vanderbilt.  They  consist  of  his  swords,  memorials  of  his 
victories,  from  the  United  States,  States  and  cities,  and  tributes  to  his 
fame  and  achievements  from  governments  all  over  the  world. 

The  Senate  and  the  House  adopted  a  joint  resolution,  declaring  "That 
the  United  States  accept,  with  graceful  acknowledgment,  the  said  property, 
to  be  held  by  the  United  States,  and  preserved  and  protected  in  the  City 
of  Washington  for  the  use  and  inspection  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States." 

There  are  also  valuable  gifts  to  Presidents  of  the  United  States  as  well 
as  to  statesmen,  soldiers  and  other  representative  Americans. 

Very  interesting  collections  have  been  received  commemorating  military 
and  naval  events  in  the  Philippine  Islands.  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico. 
Ethnology  The  ethnological  exhibits  include  valuable  series  of  objects  representing 
the  customs,  arts  and  industries  of  the  North  American  Indians,  the 
Eskimo,  natives  of  Africa,  various  countries  of  Asia,  Korea,  Japan,  British 
Columbia  and  other  regions. 

R  ..  There  are  also   special    exhibits  illustrating  the  chief   religions  of   the 

world.  These  are  divided  into  the  following  sections:  Biblico-Judaic: 
Christian ;  Mohammedan ;  Assyro-Babylonian  ;  Hittite ;  Graeco-Roman  ; 
Brahman  and  Buddhist. 

Natural       The  natural  history  collections  are  intended  to  represent  primarily  the 
History  fauna  of  the  United  States,  and  secondarily,  some  of  the  principal  forms 

found  in  foreign  countries. 

Geology  The  Department  of  Geology  contains  the  extensive  collections  of  the 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  a  special  exhibit  illustrating  limestone  caverns. 
and  including  a  large  series  of  stalagmitic  and  stalactitic  minerals,  to- 
gether with  a  collection  of  representative  forms  of  the  animals  inhabiting 
caves.  In  the  economic  section  are  full  and  systematic  collections  illus- 
trating the  mineral  resources  of  the  United  States,  arranged  geographically. 
and  also  a  systematic  series  in  which  minerals  of  the  same  nature  and 
from  different  sources  are  arranged  by  kinds.  The  mineral  exhibits  include 
such  well-known  collections  as  the  Isaac  Lea  collection,  the  Leidy  collec- 
tion, with  many  others  obtained  by  officers  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey. 
the  Stroud  collection,  the  Hawes  collection,  etc. 

Foadte  The  geological  collections,  under  the  present  classification,  also  embrace 
the  collections  of  fossils,  the  most  important  of  which,  valued  at  $50,000 
was  presented  by  the  late  Mr.  R.  D.  Lacoe.  of  Pittston,  Pa. 


Smithsonian  and  National  Museum.  127 

THE  NATIONAL  ZOOLOGICAL  PARK,  which  is  also  administered  under  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  covers  167  acres  of  ground  beyond  the  north- 
western limits  01  the  city,  and  contains  interesting  and  valuable  collections 
of  living  animals.  It  is  easily  accessible  by  street  cars  running  from 
Pennsylvania  Avenue  and  7th  street;  and  from  gth  to  F  streets,  without 
change,  and  from  other  points. 

The  purpose  of  this  Park,  as  defined  in  the  legislative  authority  for  its 
establishment  in  1889,  is  "the  advancement  of  science  and  the  instruction 
and  recreation  of  the  people."  In  carrying  out  this  purpose,  it  undertakes 
primarily  to  collect  and  preserve  our  national  fauna,  and  secondarily  to 
provide  entertainment  for  the  public,  while  it  incidentally  preserves  to 
the  people  of  the  District  a  singularly  beautiful  tract  of  land.  In  making 
the  improvement  of  the  Park  his  personal  care,  Mr.  Langley,  the  Secretary 
of  the  Institution,  through  whose  exertions  it  was  founded,  has  made  it  a 
special  effort  to  leave  as  much  to  nature  as  possible. 

The  Smithsonian  has  charge  also  of  the  Bureau  of  American  Ethnology 
and  the  Astrophysical  Observatory. 

The  Standard  Guide  Key  to  National  Museum  Collections* 

NORTH  HALL — American  History,  from  Leif  Ericson  to  the  Philippine  War. 
Musical    instruments   in    wall    cases.      Limoges   panel.     Terra-cotta 
pulpit  and  font.    Model  of  Statue  of  Prof.  Henry  in  the  Library. 
ROTUNDA — Model  of  Crawford's  Statue  of  Armed  Liberty,  on  the  Capitol 

Dome. 

SOUTH  HALL  AND  GALLERY — Mammals. 
EAST  HALL — Department  of  Technology  and  Transportation. 

Development  of  Harpoon,  Fish-hook,  Torch,  Candle,  Lamp.  Cutting 
implements  from  the  stone  knife  to  the  modern  cleaver.  The  Sword, 
Flying-Machine.  Cable,  Telegraph.  GALLERY — Materia  Medica. 
Herbarium.  Botany. 

WEST  HALL — Groups  of  Races  of  Man.  Egyptian  Mummies.  Hiero- 
glyphics. Idols.  GALLERY — Religious  ceremonials.  Feather  cape  from 
Hawaiian  Islands. 

WEST  NORTH  RANGE — Indian  Groups.    Catlin  Indian  Portraits. 
NORTHWEST  RANGE — Alaskan  relics.     Eskimo  Tribes.    Totem  posts. 
NORTHWEST  COURT — Indian  Groups.     Indian  pottery.     GALLERY — Arts  and 

industries  of  Aborigines  of  North,  South  and  Central  America. 
WEST  SOUTH  RANGE — Systematic  Geology.    Materials  of  the  Earth's  crust. 

Structure  of  the  Earth's  crust. 
SOUTHWEST  RANGE — Mineralogy.     Systematic  and  comparative   series  of 

minerals.    Gems  and  precious  stones.    Metallic  collection. 
SOUTHWEST  COURT — Applied  Geology.    Ores  used  in  the  arts  and  industries. 
EAST  NORTH  RANGE — Lecture  Hall. 
NORTHEAST  RANGE — Naval  Architecture.     Models  of  craft,  from  dugout 

canoe  to  latest  steamship. 

NORTHEAST  COURT — Section  of  Graphic  Arts.  Technical  illustrations  of 
the  reproductions  of  multiplying  arts.  The  various  methods  of  paint- 
ing and  drawing.  GALLERY — Ceramics.  Ivory  and  bronze. 


128                        Washington,  tt 

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.i  r                  ..—  ..TOT.                       AX                                                   QX 

MAIN   ENTRANCE. 

EAST  SOUTH  RANGE— Comparative  Anatomy. 
SOUTHEAST  RANGE— Casts  of  Reptiles  and  Fishes. 

SOUTHEAST  COURT— Vertebrate  Paleontology.  Systematic  series  of  fossil 
vertebrates.  GALLERY— Invertebrate  Paleontology. 

Smithsonian  Institution  Collections* 

FIRST  FLOOR— Main  Hall— Birds,  shells,  fishes  in  alcohol.  Stone  Corridor- 
Insects.  West  Hall—  Marine  Invertebrates.  South  Tower— Children's 
room.  Vestibule  and  Hall— Lorillard  collection  of  Mexican  antiquities ; 
hieroglyphics;  calendar  stone. 

SECOND  FLOOR— Department  of  Anthropology.  Indian  antiquities.  Cliff 
dwellings.  Egyptian,  Peruvian  and  Alaskan  mummies.  Pottery  and 
stone  implements. 


M 


PENSION    BUILDING. 

THE  Pension  Building  is  in  Judiciary  Square,  at  F  and  4th  Streets.    Open  from  9  A.  M. 
to  4  P.  M. 

ORE  eloquent  than  the  storied  frieze  of  the  Parthenon  to  an 
American  is  the  sculpture  of  the  Pension  Building,  with  the 
marching  hosts  of  the  Boys  in  Blue.  Infantry,  cavalry  and 
artillery — now  keeping  buoyant  step  to  the  drumbeat  and  now 
lagging  with  weariness,  the  strong  supporting  the  weak — here  they  are  pic- 
tured marching  on,  as  the  world  saw  them  march,  in  the  years  when  men 
bore  arms  for  their  country.  Many  a  veteran  has  felt  his  pulse  quicken  at 
the  sight  of  the  old  familiar  scenes,  and  to  many  a  younger  man  the  story 
of  the  '6os  has  been  made  more  real  by  these  speaking  groups. 

Within  the  immense  building — for  it  covers  an  area  of  20ox4OO-ft. — one 
finds  a  vast  court,  with  lofty  loof  of  iron  and  glass.  It  is  a  veritable  bit 
of  outdoor  between  four  walls.  Gallery  rises  above  gallery,  surrounding 
the  court,  and  tier  upon  tier  of  offices.  The  roof,  of  iron  and  glass,  is  sup- 
ported by  great  columns  which  appear  to  be  marble,  but  are  brick — 55,700 
bricks  to  a  column.  They  rest  on  foundations  i8-ft.  below  the  floor,  and 
from  the  floor  to  the  roof  they  are  75-ft.  in  height.  The  building  was  com- 
pleted in  1885.  Some  notion  of  its  magnitude  may  be  had  from  the  fact 
that  at  the  inauguration  balls,  which  are  held  here,  18,000  people  have  been 
gathered  wunm  ir.  The  floor  space  is  filled  with  rows  upon  rows  of  cab- 
inets, in  which  are  filed  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  documents  relating 
to  pensions.  So  perfect  is  the  system  that  within  five  minutes  after  in- 
quiry the  entire  record  of  a  pension  case  may  be  put  before  one.  Among 
the  2,000  clerks  here  may  be  noted  many  an  old  soldier  wearing  the  bronze 
button;  and  there  may  be  seen,  too,  many  an  armless  sleeve. 


THE   PENSION  BUILDING. 


HALLS  OF  THE  ANCIENTS. 

THE  HALLS  or  THE  ANCIENTS  on  New  York  avenue  are  constructed  for 
illustrations  of  the  art,  architecture,  religion  and  life  of  the  ancient  nation- 
alities: Egyptian,  Assyrian,  Roman  and  Saracenic  people.  There  are  two 
Egyptian  Halls,  an  Assyrian  Throne  Room,  a  Roman  House,  larger  and 
more  splendid  than  that  at  Saratoga;  Moorish  Hall,  a  Lecture 
Hall  with  a  painting  50  ft.  x  9  ft.  of  Rome  in  the  time  of  Constantine,  and 
a  Hall  of  the  Model  of  proposed  National  Galleries  of  History  and  Art  as 


designed  by  Mr.  Franklin  W.  Smith,  and  for  the  promotion  of  which 
the  Halls  of  the  Ancients  have  been  constructed.  This  novel  architectural 
enterprise  originated  with  Mr.  Smith,  an  archaeologist  who  has  become 
known  to  thousands  for  his  previous  accomplishments  as  exhibited  in  the 
Santa  Monica  (now  Cordova)  in  St.  Augustine,  and  the  famous  Pompeiian 
House  of  Pansa  at  Saratoga.  See  advertising  page  30. 

THE  HALL  OF  THE  MODEL  is  named  from  the  models  and  drawings  of  the 
proposed  National  Galleries.  At  the  front  is  a  very  beautiful  model  of  the 
temple  of  Denderah.  At  the  right  is  the  facade  of  the  proposed  Assyrian 
court.  Beyond  these  rise  those  of  the  Greek  and  Roman ;  Byzantine  and 
Moorish;  the  East  Indian  and  Mediaeval  courts.  Each  court  is  surrounded 
by  ranges  of  galleries  to  receive  paintincrs  of  the  History  of  Egypt,  Assyria. 


DESIGN    FOR   NATIONAL  GALLERIES  OF    HISTORY  AND  ART  IN   WASHINGTON. 
Franklin  Webster  Smith,  architect.    Harvey  Dodge  Jenkins,  pinrit. 


Halls  of  the  Ancients.  131 

Rome,  Greece,  etc. ;  with  side  corridors  for  plastic  illustrations.  Terraced 

upward  to  the  Acropolis  is  a  model  of  the   Parthenon  for  a  memorial 
temple  of  Presidents  of  the  United  States. 


The  Egyptian  Halls  of  Gods  and  Kings. 
THE     HALL     OF     THE     ANCIENTS. 


THE  SOLDIERS'  HOME. 

SITUATED  3  miles  nor.  of  the  Capitol.  Reached  (best  route)  by  the  7th  street  cars 
(transfer  from  Pennsylvania  avenue  cars)  to  boundary,  thence  Brightwood  line.  Or 
by  Eckington  and  Soldiers'  Home  line,  with  walk  of  %-mile  up-hill.  Open  daily,  from 
9  to  sunset. 

TWO   landmarks   are   conspicuous   upon   the   hills   which   encircle 
Washington — the  colonnaded  portico  of  Arlington  House  on  the 
heights  of  Virginia  in  the  west  and  the  white  tower  of  the  United 
States  Soldiers'  Home  on  the  rim  of  the  hills  on  the  north.     It 
may  be  said  that  they  mark  in  the  west  and  in  the  north  the  geographical 
range  of  interest  for  the  visitor  in  the  Federal   City.     Neither  of  them 
should  be  omitted  from  one's  itinerary. 

The  Home  is  beautiful  for  situation ;  its  Norman  tower  is  a  distinctly  site 
pleasing  element  of  the  landscape,  and  in  turn  the  grounds  give  a  much 
admired  prospect  of  Washington,  with  the  Capitol,  the  new  Library,  the 
Monument  and  the  windings  of  the  Potomac.     A  lovelier  site  would  have 
been  sought  long  in  vain. 

The  Soldiers'  Home  is  for  the  benefit  of  men  who  have  been  honorably  Purpose 
discharged  from  the  regular  army  after  twenly  years'  service,  or  who  have 
been  disabled  by  wounds  or  disease.     Inmates  are  receiv^^  for  life,  or  for 
a  shorter  term.     Accommodations  are  afforded  for  800. 

Of  the  five  dormitory  buildings,  the  principal  one  is  th:  Scott  Building, 
named  in  grateful  memory  of  the  founder  of  the  Home,  Gen.  Winfield 
Scott.  It  is  of  white  marble,  with  Norman  battlements  and  a  clock  tower. 

The  Sherman  Building  is  named  in  honor  of  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman,  and 
the  Sheridan  Building  after  Gen.  Philip  H.  Sheridan.  The  Anderson 
Building,  named  for  Gen.  Robert  Anderson,  in  recognition  of  his  early 
efforts  in  behalf  of  the  Home,  is  popularly  known  as  the  President's  Cot- 
tage. Several  of  the  Presidents  have  spent  the  summer  months  here. 
The  King  Building  is  named  after  Surgeon  B.  King,  who  was  long  sta-  '• 

tioned  here.  Officers'  Quarters,  a  Library  with  7,000  volumes,  the  Chapel 
and  the  Hospital  complete  the  group.  Near  the  Chapel  is  a  monument 
erected  by  the  enlisted  men  of  the  army  in  memory  of  "Henry  Wilson,  the 
Soldiers'  Friend."  Just  north  of  the  grounds,  in  the  National  Cemetery,  National 
with  its  headstones  in  orderly  array  of  nearly  7,000  soldiers,  is  the  monu-  Cemetery 
ment  erected  by  the  soldiers  of  the  Home  to  the  memory  of  Gen.  John  C. 
Kelton,  Governor  in  1892-93.  The  grounds  comprise  512  acres  of  diversi- 
fied lawn,  slope  and  ravine.  One  view  which  is  much  admired  is  that  from 
the  knoll  on  which  stands  Launt  Thompson's  bronze  statue  of  Gen. 
Scott.  Another  is  an  artificial  vista  cut  through  the  trees  with  the  distant 
Capitol  in  the  center. 

133 


ARLINGTON. 


THE  ARLINGTON  NTATIONAL  CEMETERY,  on  the  Virginia  hills  beyond  the  Potomac, 
is  open  daily,  Sunday  included,  from  sunrise  to  sunset. 

The  Washington,  Arlington  &  Falls  Church  Railway  (trolley),  connecting  with 
Pennsylvania  avenue  green  cars  and  transfer  coaches  across  the  Aqueduct  Bridge,  run 
half-hourly  to  the  Fort  Myer  Gate  at  the  top  of  the  hill.  Roud  trip  on  cars,  15  cents. 
For  schedule  see  advertising  page. 

Trains  of  the  Washington,  Alexandria  &  Mt.  Vernon  Railway  (trolley),  leaving  the 
station  at  IS1/^  street  and  Pennsylvania  avenue  hourly,  take  one  to  the  Sheridan  Gate 
of  the  cemetery,  at  the  foot  of  the  hill.  Round  trip,  20  cents.  For  schedule  see 
advertising  page. 

Wagonettes  of  the  Arlington  Transfer  Co.  meet  all  trains  or  cars  as  above  at  the 
Cemetery  gates  to  convey  visitors  through  the  Cemetery  and  Fort  Myer.  See  fuller 
notice  in  advertising  pages. 

AT  ARLINGTON  sleep  16,000  soldiers  who  died  in  the  War  for  the 
Union.     It  is  consecrated  ground,  to  which  come  thousands  every 
year  from  the  North  and  the  South,  the  East  and  the  West,  to 
honor  those  "who  gave  their  lives  that  the  country  might  live." 
It  is  a  worthy  pilgrimage.     Just  as  one  may  not  comprehend  in  its  fullness 
the  outward  and  material  beauty  of  Washington  who  has  not  looked  upon 
the  city  as  a  part  of  the  noble  prospect  from  Arlington  House,  so  he  has 
not  caught  the  finer  essence  of  what  Washington  stands  for  as  the  Capital 
of  the  Nation  who  has  not  within  the  sacred  precincts  of  Arlington  Ceme- 
tery been  brought  closer  to  the  four  years  of  sacrifice  and  felt  his  patriot- 
ism quicken  at  the  contact. 

One  route  is  through  Georgetown,  across  the  Aqueduct  Bridge,  and  General 
passing  through  the  reservation  of  Fort  Myer  to  the  Fort  Myer  gate.     The  Gates 
other  route  takes  us  across  the  historic  Long  Bridge  to  the  memorable 
gates,  one  of  them  named  for  Ord  andWeitzel;  another  for  Sheridan,  its 
columns  inscribed  also  with  the  names  of  Scott,   Lincoln,   Stanton  and 
Grant;  and  a  third  for  McClellan.     By  whatever  gate  we  enter  the  grounds 
we  shall  come  to  Arlington  House,  whose  portico  columns  we  have  seen 
from  Washington. 

The  house  is  now  occupied  by  the  superintendent  of  the  grounds.  In 
the  room  on  the  left  of  the  hall,  formerly  the  main  drawing  room,  a  regis- 
ter is  kept,  in  which  visitors  are  requested  to  record  their  names.  On  the 
walls  are  hung  sketch-plans  of  the  cemetery,  and  framed  copies  of  ad- 
dresses and  orations  becoming  the  place;  chief  among  these  is  President 
Lincoln's  Gettysburg  Address,  spoken  at  the  dedication  of  the  Gettysburg 
National  Cemetery,  on  Nov.  19,  1863: 

Fourscore  and  seven  years  ago  our  fathers  brought  forth  on  this  continent  a  new   The 
nation,  conceived  in  liberty,  and  dedicated  to  the  proposition  that  all  men  are  created  Gettysburg 
equal.     Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war,  testing  whether  that  nation,  or  any  Address 
nation  so  conceived  and  so  dedicated,  can  long  endure.    We  are  met  on  a  great  battle- 
field of  that  war.    We  have  come  to  dedicate  a  portion  of  that  field  as  a  final  resting 
place  for  those  who  here  gave  their  lives  that  the  nation  might  live.     It  is  altogether 
fitting  and  proper  that  we  should  do  this.    But,  in  a  larger  sense,  we  cannot  dedicate — 
we  cannot  consecrate — we  cannot  hallow  this  ground.    The  brave  men,  living  and  dead, 
who  struggled  here  have  consecrated  it  far  above  our  poor  power  to  add  or  detract. 

135 


1 36  \\ 'ashington,  the  Nation 's  Capital. 

The         The  world  will  little  note  nor  long  remember  what  we  say  here,  but  it  can  ner«r 

•left >f bur*   forget  what  they  did  here.    It  is  for  us,  the  living,  rather,  to  be  dedicated  here  to  th« 

AddreM   unfinished  work  which  they  who  fought  here  have  thus  far  so  nobly  advanced.    It  is 

rather  lor  us  to  be  here  dedicated  to  the  great  task  remaining  before  us— that  from  thes« 

honored  dead  we  take  increased  devotion  to  that  cause  to  which  they  gave  the  last  full 

measure  of  devotion— that  we  here  highly  resolve  that  these  dead  shall  not  have  died 

in  vain;    that  this  nation,  under  God,  shall  have  a  new  birth  of  freedom;    and  that 

government  of  the  people,  by  the  people,  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  tht 

earth. 

The        The  mansion  stands  on  the  brow  of  the  hill,  whose  slope  stretches  away 
Arlington  a  hajf  mjje  to  the  potOmac,  2OO  feet  below.     The  view  here  opening  before 
Vl<w  one  has  been  famed  for  a  century.    When  Lafayette  was  a  guest  at  Arling- 
ton House  he  pronounced  the  prospect  from  its  porch  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  he  had  ever  looked  upon.     The  traveler  of  to-day,  although  com- 
ing like  Lafayette  from  distant  lands,  may  still  pronounce  the  scene  one  of 
the  rarest  he  has  beheld. 

Below  flows  the  placid  Potomac,  from  whose  further  shore  rise  George- 
town and  Washington;  and  beyond  the  encircling  hills  roll  away  to  the 
horizon's  rim.  In  the  far  north  stands  out  the  white  tower  of  the  Soldiers' 
Home;  in  the  south  are  the  spires  of  Alexandria.  The  view  is  wide  and 
far-reaching,  and  it  has  many  attractions  upon  which  the  eye  lingers  long; 
but  Washington  is  ever  its  central  and  commanding  feature.  So  Federal 
City  and  National  Cemetery  stand  here  close  together  and  look  each  upon 
the  other.  And  this  is  well.  For  if  it  must  needs  have  been  that  the  men 
who  rest  at  Arlington  should  die  for  their  country,  what  more  fitting  than 
that  in  the  bivouac  of  the  long  night  they  should  sleep  on  the  heights  over- 
looking the  Capitol  itself,  close  to  the  heart  of  the  Nation  they  gave  their 
blood  to  maintain? 

Th«  The  grounds  of  Arlington  are  noble  in  contour  and  adornment.  The 
*  art  of  the  landscape  gardener  has  beautified  the  surroundings;  there  are 
flower  beds  and  lawns,  and  a  profusion  of  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs. 
But  above  what  the  skill  of  man  has  done,  and  beyond  it  all,  one  recognizes 
the  majestic  beauty  of  the  site  itself,  with  its  slopes  and  ravines  and  the 
hillsides  crowned  with  oaks.  It  is  as  if  through  long  centuries  nature 
herself  had  lovingly  moulded  the  spot,  making  it  ready  for  its  final  great 
purpose,  the  resting  place  of  the  Nation's  heroic  dead. 

Temple  The  means  employed  to  give  a  military  and  national  character  to  Ar- 
of  Fame  Hngton  are  simple  and  dignified.  All  the  day  through  the  Stars  and 
Stripes  float  from  the  staff  before  the  house,  until  the  sunset  gun  of  Fort 
Myer  sends  its  echoes  answering  from  shore  to  shore.  In  the  garden  plot 
to  the  south  rises  the  Temple  of  Fame,  an  open  circular  colonnade,  with 
low-domed  roof;  the  cornice  bears  the  names  of  Washington,  Lincoln, 
Grant  and  Farragut;  and  on  the  columns  are  those  of  Thomas,  Meade, 
McPherson.  Sedgwick,  Reynolds,  Humphreys,  Garfield  and  Mansfield. 
The  beds  of  the  flower  gardens  are  arranged  in  patterns  to  form  the  names 
of  the  great  commanders  and  symbols  and  badges  of  army  corps.  Dis- 
posed here  and  there  about  the  grounds  are  bronze  tablets  inscribed  with 
the  solemn  measures  of  Col.  Theodore  O'Hara's  elegiac.  "The  Bivouac  Q) 


Arlington. 


137 


THE  FIELD  OF  THE  DEAD. 


THE    MANSION    FROM    THE    SLOPE. 


,  ^g  Washington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 

The  the  Dead."    The  poem  was  read  at  the  dedication  of  a  monument  at 
Bivouac  Frankfort  to  the  memory  of  the  Kentucky  soldiers  killed  in  the  Mexican 
c<  the  War  whose  remains  had  been  gathered  for  burial  in  their  own  land. 

Dead 

THE  BIVOUAC  OF  THE  DEAD. 

The  muffled  drum's  sad  roll  has  beat  The  neighing  troop,  the  flashing  blade, 

The  soldier's  last  tattoo ;  The  bugle's  stirring  blast, 

No  more  on  Life's  parade  shall  meet  The  charge,  the  dreadful  cannonade, 

That  brave  and  fallen  few.  The  din  and  shout  are  past. 

On  Fame's  eternal  camping-ground  Rest  on,  embalmed  and  sainted  dead! 

Their  silent  tents  are  spread,  Dear  as  the  blood  ye  gave! 

And  Glory  guards,  with  solemn  round,  No  impious  footsteps  here  shall  tread 

The  bivouac  of  the  dead.  The  herbage  of  your  grave. 

No  rumor  of  the  foe's  advance  Nor  shall  your  glory  be  forgot 

Now  swells  upon  the  wind;  While  Fame  her  record  keeps, 

No  troubled  thought  at  midnight  haunts  Or  Honor  points  the  hallowed  spot 

Of  loved  ones  left  behind.  Where  Valor  proudly  sleeps. 

No  vision  of  the  morrow's  strife  Nor  wreck,  nor  change,  nor  Winter's  blight, 

The  warrior's  dream  alarms,  Nor  Time's  remorseless  doom, 

No  braying  horn  nor  screaming  fife  Shall  dim  one  ray  of  holy  light 

At  dawn  shall  call  to  arms.  That  gilds  your  glorious  tomb. 

Decoration  There  is  a  sylvan  temple  where  the  services  of  Decoration  Day  are 
Day  held;  it  is  an  amphitheater  formed  by  an  embankment  of  earth,  green  with 
turf  and  shaded  with  trellises  of  vines.  The  reading  desk  of  the  rostrum 
is  of  marble  in  classic  design,  and  ornamental  stone  columns  support  the 
latticed  roof  of  green.  In  the  southeast  part  of  the  plateau  a  grove  of 
maples  has  been  planted  after  the  plan  of  a  Gothic  cathedral,  with  over- 
arching aisles,  which  will  grow  in  stateliness  and  grandeur  as  time 
goes  on. 

Field  The  most  impressive  sight  at  Arlington  is  that  of  the  field  of  the  dead, 
of  the  on  the  level  plateau,  where  the  headstones  stretch  away  in  lines  endless 
Dead  to  the  vision.  The  stones  are  set  in  rows,  uniform  in  distance  one  from 
the  other,  arrayed  in  order  and  marshaled  as  battalions  for  review,  a  silent 
army  of  16,000  strong.  The  headstones  are  of  the  simple  pattern  adopted 
in  the  year  1872  for  all  of  the  National  Cemeteries — here,  at  Gettysburg. 
Chattanooga  and  elsewhere.  On  each  marble  or  granite  slab  is  inscribed 
the  name  of  the  soldier  whose  grave  it  marks,  with  his  State  and  the  num- 
ber by  which  he  has  been  enrolled  in  the  Roll  of  Honor — the  roster  kept 
by  the  War  Department  of  those  who  died  in  the  service  of  the  country; 
it  consists  of  thirty-one  volumes  and  contains  the  records  of  250,000  de- 
ceased Union  soldiers. 

Most  of  the  graves  at  Arlington  are  on  the  plateau  toward  the  Forl 
Myer  reservation;  down  below,  under  the  hill  by  the  Ord  and  Wietzel 
gate,  is  another  field,  which  contains  5,000  graves. 

Near  the  Temple  of  Fame,  whose  columns  proclaim  the  distinguished 
mames  thus  chosen  for  peculiar  honor,  stands  another  memorial,  the  monu 


Arlington. 


139 


ment  of  the  Unknown  Dead.    Two  thousand  one  hundred  and  eleven  The 
nameless  soldiers  are  gathered  here  in  one  common  grave,  deprived  of  the  Unknown 
individual  measure  of  fame  which  each  one  by  his  daring  and  dying  mer-  Dead 
ited,  and  denied  the  poor  desert  of  recognition,  even  of  identification. 
Their  names,  their  homes,  their  friends,  all  were  unknown.     The  simple 
story  is  told  in  the  letters  chiseled  on  the  monument's  granite  face: 

BENEATH    THIS   STONE 
REPOSE   THE    BONES   OF   TWO  THOUSAND   ONE   HUNDRED  AND   ELEVEN    UNKNOWN    SOLDIERS 

GATHERED   AFTER   THE  WAR 

FROM   THE   FIELDS   OF   BULL   RUN   AND   THE   ROUTE  TO  THE   RAPPAHANNOCK. 

THEIR   REMAINS    COULD   NOT   BE  IDENTIFIED    BUT    THEIR    NAMES  AND   DEATHS  ARE 

RECORDED  IN   THE   ARCHIVES   OF   THEIR    COUNTRY,  AND  ITS   GRATEFUL   CITIZENS 

HONOR  THEM   AS   OF   THEIR    NOBLE  ARMY   OF   MARTYRS.       MAY   THEY    REST  IN    PEACE. 

SEPTEMBER,    A.    D.    1868. 


Porter 


The  slope  east  of  Arlington  House  has  been  set  apart  for  the  graves  of  Sheridan 
officers.     In  front  of  the  house  near  the  flagstaff  are  the  graves  of  General  *nd 
Philip  H.  Sheridan  (1831-1888)  and  Admiral  David  D.  Porter  (1814-1891). 
Sheridan's  resting  place  is  marked  by  a  dignified  monument  of  granite  and 
bronze,  adorned  with  a  medallion  portrait  with  flag  and  wreath.     The  sim- 
ple stone  at  Porter's  grave  is  to  be  replaced  by  a  monument.     To  the 
south,  in  line  with  these,  are  the  graves  of  Purveyor-General  J.  H.  Baxter, 
Colonel   Hiram   Berdan  of  the   First  United  States   Sharpshooters,  and 


THE    SHERIDAN    MONUMENT    AND   TEMPLE    OK    FAME. 


140 


n,  the  Nation's  Capital. 


SPANISH    WAR    MONUMENT. 


General  George  Crook  (1828-1890).  The 
bionze  panel  of  the  Crook  monument  depicts 
the  scene  of  the  Surrender  of  Apaches  under 
Geronimo  to  General  Crook  in  the  Sierra 
Madre  Mountains,  Mexico,  1883. 

Another  section  of  the  grounds  reserved  for 
officers  is  west  of  the  house,  beyond  the  amphi- 
theater, toward  the  Fort  Myer  gate.  Here  are 
memorials  of  those  who  fought  in  the  Civil 
War  and  earlier  conflicts.  Conspicuous  is  the 
sarcophagus  of  Quartermaster-General  M.  C. 
Meigs,  upon  whose  suggestion  to  President 
Lincoln  in  1864  the  estate  was  converted  into  a 
military  cemetery.  Among  other  monuments 
are  those  of  Belknap,  Burns,  Harney,  Hazen, 
Kirk,  Lyford,  Paul,  Plummer,  Ricketts — hero 
of  twenty-seven  battles,  in  five  of  which  he 
was  borne  wounded  from  the  field — Shelby, 
Stedman  and  Van  Dachenhausen.  Stones  worn 
with  age  mark  the  graves  of  eleven  Revolu- 
tionary officers.  In  accordance  with  a  privilege 
given  to  the  wives  and  daughters  of  soldiers 
buried  at  Arlington,  many  a  woman's  grave  is 
here  beside  that  of  the  husband  or  the  father. 

Gen.  Lawton's  grave  is  southeast  of  the  Tem- 
ple of  Fame.  Many  of  the  men  who  perished 
in  the  Spanish  and  Philippine  wars  are  buried 
at  Arlington;  our  illustration  shows  the  noble 
shaft  erected  to  their  memory. 

Arlington  House  was  built  in  1802.  The  portico 
with  its  great  Doric  columns  was  modeled  after  that 
of  the  Temple  of  Theseus  at  Athens.  In  the  rear  are 
the  original  servants'  quarters;  the  water  tower  is 
new.  The  builder  of  Arlington  was  George  Washing- 
ton Parke  Custis,  son  of  John  Parke  Custis,  whose 
widowed  mother  became  Mrs.  Martha  Washington. 
\Vhen  Col.  John  Parke  Custis  died  at  the  siege  of 
YorktoVn,  Washington  adopted  as  his  own  the  two 
children,  George  Washington  Parke  Custis,  and 
Eleanor  Parke  Custis.  Thenceforward  Custis  was  a 
member  of  the  Mount  Vernon  household,  until  after 
the  death  of  Mrs.  Washington  in  1802,  when  he  re- 
moved to  his  Arlington  estate.  Enjoying  honored 
distinction  as  the  adopted  son  of  Washington,  and 
entertaining  with  lavish  hospitality,  he  drew  to 
Arlington  annual  hosts  of  visitors  and  ;riends. 
Lafayette  was  among  the  distinguished  guests 
here;  and  there  came  many  another  of  the  friends 
of  Washington,  to  rehearse  their  recollections 


Arlington. 


141 


•f  the  men  and  the  events  of  Revolutionary  days.    The  rooms  of  the  mansion  were  Arlington 
stored  with  a  rich  collection  of  Washington  mementos  and  memorials— most  of  them  Mouse 
brought  from  Mount  Vernon— portraits,  pictures,  silver  table  service,  and  household 
furniture  and  ornaments.    Some  of  these  are  now  in  the  National  Museum,  and  others 
are  in  their  original  places  at  Mount  Vernon.    Custis  died  in  1857.    The  marble  shafts 
which  mark  his  grave  and  that  of  his  wife,  Mary  Lee  Custis,  are  in  a  retired  spot,  near 
the  limit  of  the  southwestern  plateau,  in  line  with  the  two  rows  of  headstones  which 
begin  at  the  avenue  with  Nos.  6568  and  6569. 

Upon  the  death  of  Custis  Arlington  passed  to  the  children  of  his  only  daughter, 
Mary  Custis  Lee,  wife  of  Col.  Robert  E.  Lee,  of  the  United  States  Army,  to  whom  she 
had  been  married  in  1831  in  the  drawing  room  of  Arlington  House,  where  to-day  visitors 
register  their  names.  When  the  Civil  War  came,  Col.  Lee  resigned  from  the  Federal 
service;  on  April  22,  1861,  he  left  Arlington,  and  with  his  family  went  to  Richmond, 
there  to  take  command  of  the  Virginia  troops,  and  afterward  to  become  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chiet  of  the  Confederate  Army. 

Hardly  had  the  Lees  gone  out  when  the  Federal  troops  took  possession,  and  con- 
verted the  mansion  into  a  headquarters  and  the  grounds  into  a  camp.  Then,  as  the  war 
went  on  and  battles  were  fought,  a  hospital  was  established  here;  and  when  other 
available  cemetery  grounds  no  longer  sufficed  for  the  burial  of  the  dead,  the  level 
plateaus  and  grassy  slopes  of  Arlington  were  by  order  of  Quartermaster-General  Meigs 
devoted  to  the  purpose  of  a  military  cemetery.  The  first  grave  prepared  was  for  a  Con- 
federate prisoner  who  had  died  in  hospital.  The  total  number  of  dead  buried  at  Ar- 
lington during  the  war  and  since  is  about  17,000. 

In  the  year  1864  the  property  was  sold  for  delinquent  taxes,  and  the  Government 
bought  it,  paying  $26,100.  In  1877  George  Washington  Custis  Lee,  heir  under  the  Cus- 
tis will,  established  his  legal  title  to  the  property,  and  the  claim  was  adjusted  to  his 
satisfaction  by  the  payment  to  him  by  the  United  States  of  the  sum  of  $150,000. 


MAP  OF  ARLINGTON   AND  VTCTNTTY. 


MOUNT  VERNON. 

MOUHT  VEBNON  is  on  the  Virginia  shore  of  the  Potomac,  16  miles  south  of  Wash 
tagton.  It  is  open  to  visitors  daily  except  Sunday  from  11  to  5  in  the  term  from  May 
1st  to  November  1st,  and  from  11  to  4  from  November  1st  to  May  1st.  An  admission 
tee  of  25  cents  is  charged. 

The  trip  by  the  steamboat  Chas.  Macalester  gives  a  delightful  sail  down  the 
Potomac.  The  boat  leaves  wharf  at  7th  and  M  streets;  reached  by  all  car  lines.  For 
schedule  see  advertising  page. 

The  all-rail  route  is  by  the  Washington,  Alexandria  &  Mt.  Vernon  Railway  (trolley) 
from  station,  13%  street  and  Pensylvania  avenue.  For  schedule  see  advertising  page. 

THE  Mansion  House  of  Mount  Vernon  occupies  a  beautiful  sitt 
overlooking  the  river.  It  is  of  wood,  cut  and  painted  to  re- 
semble stone.  The  building,  p6x3O-ft.,  has  two  stories  and  an 
attic  with  dormer  windows;  the  roof  is  surmounted  by  a  cupola, 
with  an  antique  weather-vane.  In  front  extends  a  piazza.  15-ft.  deep  and 
25-ft.  high,  with  square  pillars,  and  a  floor  tiled  with  flags  from  the  Isle 
of  Wight.  Two  kitchens  are  connected  with  the  central  building  by 
colonnades.  In  front  of  the  house  are  shaded  lawns,  and  a  deer  park  be- 
low; in  the  rear  are  lawns,  gardens  and  orchards;  and  disposed  about 
the  grounds  are  the  outbuildings  of  a  Virginia  farm.  The  main  hall  oi 
the  house  extends  through  from  front  to  back;  the  six  rooms  on  the  first 
floor  are  the  Banquet  Room,  Music  Room,  West  Parlor,  Family  Dining 
Room,  Mrs.  Washington's  Sitting  Room  and  the  Library.  But  before 
noting  the  rooms  and  their  objects  of  interest,  we  shall  do  well  to  review 
briefly  the  story  of  Washington's  home  and  its  preservation  by  the  Mount 
Vernon  Ladies'  Association  of  the  Union. 

The  house  was  built  in  1743  by  Lawrence,  half-brother  of  George 
History  Washington.  The  name  of  Hunting  Creek  Estate  was  changed  to  Mount 
Vernon  in  honor  of  Admiral  Vernon,  under  whom  Lawrence  had  served 
against  Spain.  On  the  death  of  Lawrence  and  of  his  only  daughter, 
Washington  inherited  the  estate,  and  came  to  live  here  soon  after  his 
marriage  in  1759.  Here  he  conducted  his  farm  until  called  to  the  field;  to 
Mount  Vernon  he  returned  after  Yorktown,  and  again  after  his  terms  as 
President;  and  here  he  lived  in  dignified  retirement  as  a  private  citizen 
until  his  death  in  1799.  The  associations  of  Washington  with  the  place 
during  his  lifetime  and  the  presence  of  his  tomb  here  made  Mount  Vernon 
a  shrine  of  patriotism.  When  in  1855  John  Augustine  Washington,  being 
without  means  to  maintain  the  estate,  offered  it  for  sale,  a  patriotic  daugh- 
ter of  South  Carolina,  Ann  Pamela  Cunningham,  resolved  to  save  the 
Washington  home  as  a  permanent  shrine  of  patriotism.  With  a  higi 
v>rnTn  courage>  which  in  »ts  very  daring  augured  success,  she  devoted  herself  to 
Ladies'  the  tremendous  task  of  raising  the  sum  of  $200,000  required  for  the  pur- 
Association  pose.  In  1858  the  Mount  Vernon  Ladies'  Association  of  the  Union  was 
organized,  with  Miss  Cunningham  as  Regent  and  Vice-Regents  represent- 
ing twelve  States.  Contributions  were  solicited  and  popular  support  \\-ii 
enlisted.  Edward  Everett  gave  the  proceeds  of  his  lecture  on  Washing- 
ton and  of  certain  writings,  and  thus  put  into  the  Association  treasury 

149 


Mount  Vernon.  143 

the  handsome  sum  of  $69,000  as  his  personal  contribution.  Washington 
Irving  contributed  5 500;  thousands  upon  thousands  of  school  children 
gave  five  cents  each.  The  full  sum  was  in  hand  before  the  end  of  1859, 
and  in  1860  Mount  Vernon  became  the  property  of  the  Association,  and 
so  of  the  Nation.  A  further  fund  was  provided  for  permanent  care  and 
maintenance-  Portions  of  the  original  estate  which  had  been  sold  have 
been  acquired  again;  buildings  which  had  fallen  into  ruin  have  been  re- 
stored; the  deer  park  under  the  hill  has  been  restocked;  the  mansion  has 
been  repaired;  many  articles  of  furniture  and  adornment  have  been  re- 
stored to  the  several  rooms;  and  numbers  of  valuable  relics  and  memen- 
tos of  George  and  Martha  Washington  and  of  their  times  have  been  de- 
posited here.  The  restoration,  equipment  and  keeping  of  the  respective 
rooms  have  been  intrusted  to  the  pious  care  of  the  women  of  the  different 
States  represented  in  the  Board  of  Vice-Regents.  The  privilege  of  visit- 
ing Mount  Vernon,  and  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  it  is  a  possession 
to  be  cherished  for  all  time,  we  owe  to  this  Ladies'  Association,  and  beyond 
it  to  Ann  Pamela  Cunningham.  The  Home  and  the  Tomb  of  Washing- 
ton will  have  for  us  added  interest  if  thus  we  shall  see  in  them  a  monu- 
ment of  the  patriotic  impulse,  courage  and  achievement  of  the  women  of 
America. 


ie   morning  or  evening 
upon  it   in  one  eternal 

VBR  ;tf;  r^LT'C 

>licity,   there  he  died   in 

Georgian  Period  he  ?*?£t*KT* 

ien  it  shall  fall,  if  fall  it 
roir"t    V  J.  in  eternal  glory  on  the 

Plates  33  34 

Text    44-4fi  :ular  care  of  various 

i  made  as   follows: 
f  wharf.     Connecti- 

American  Arch:  chambers.    District 

February     1938  gton's  sitting  room. 

Pages    41-52  ts'  quarters.    Louis- 

Plans-Sections-Details  iles-    Maine-Guest 

-.,      ,  iachusetts — Library. 

Photographs  B  upper  chamber* 

— Lafayette's  room. 

est  upper  chamber. 

Ohio — East  parlor  or  music  room.  Pennsylvania — River  room.  Rhode 
Island — Restoration  of  sundial;  also  a  room  in  the  east  quarters.  South 
Carolina — Family  dining  room.  Tennessee — One  of  the  upper  rooms  of 
the  old  servants'  quarters.  Virginia — Room  in  which  Washington  died. 
West  Virginia — Green  room.  Wisconsin — Room  in  which  Mrs.  Wash- 
ington died.  The  arms  of  the  States  are  displayed  in  the  respective 
rooms.  We  note  briefly  some  of  the  most  interesting  relics  and  memor- 
ials in  the  mansion.  An  asterisk  (*)  signifies  that  the  article  belonged  to 


MOUNT  VERNON. 

MOUNT  VESNOJJ  is  on  the  Virginia  shore  of  the  Potomac,  16  miles  south  of  Wash 
ington.  It  is  open  to  visitors  daily  except  Sunday  from  11  to  5  in  the  term  from  May 
1st  to  November  1st,  and  from  11  to  4  from  November  1st  to  May  1st.  An  admission 
fee  of  25  cents  is  charged. 

The  trip  by  the  steamboat  Chas.  Macalester  gives  a  delightful  sail  down  the 
Potomac.  The  boat  leaves  wharf  at  7th  and  M  streets;  reached  by  all  car  lines.  For 
schedule  see  advertising  page. 

The  all-rail  route  is  by  the  Washington,  Alexandria  &  Mt.  Vernon  Railway  (trolley) 
from  station,  13V4  street  and  Pensylvania  avenue.  For  schedule  see  advertising  page. 

THE  Mansion  House  of  Mount  Vernon  occupies  a  beautiful  sitt 
overlooking  the  river.     It  is  of  wood,  cut  and  painted  to  re- 
semble stone.     The  building,  96x3O-ft.,  has  two  stories  and  an 
attic  with  dormer  windows;   the  roof  is  surmounted  by  a  cupola, 
with  an  antique  weather-vane.     In  front  extends  a  piazza  15-ft.  deep  and 
25-ft.  high,  with  square  pillars,  and  a  floor  tiled  with  flags  from  the  Isle 
of  Wight.    Two   kitchens  are   connected   with   the   central   building   by 
colonnades.     In  front  of  the  house  are  shaded  lawns,  and  a  deer  park  be- 
low;   in  the  rear  are  lawns,  gardens  and  orchards;    and  disposed  about 
the  grounds  are  the  outbuildings  of  a  Virginia  farm.    The  main  hall  qfc 
the  house  extends  through  from  f  m 
floor  are  the  Banquet  Room,  Mu 
Room,  Mrs.  Washington's  Sittin 
noting  the  rooms  and  their  object 
briefly  the  story  of  Washington's  '. 
Vernon  Ladies'  Association  of  th< 
The  house  was  built  in   1743 
HUtory  Washington.    The  name  of  Hunt? 
Vernon  in  honor  of  Admiral  Ver: 
against  Spain.     On  the  death  of 
Washington  inherited  the  estate, 
marriage  in  1759.     Here  he  condu 
Mount  Vernon  he  returned  after 
President;    and  here  he  lived  in  < 
until  his  death  in  1799.     The  assc 
during  his  lifetime  and  the  presenc 
a  shrine  of  patriotism.    When  in  ] 
without  means  to  maintain  the  est; 

ter  of  South  Carolina,  Ann  Pam _         ,          — —  m    ju  1 1.    ••• 

Washington  home  as  a  permanent  shrine   of  patriotism.     With  a   higk 
Mount  courage,  which  in  its  very  daring  augured  success,  she  devoted  herself  to 
l  ad"es*  tne  tremendous  task  of  raising  the  sum  of  $200,000  required  for  the  pur 
Association  pose.     In  1858  the  Mount  Vernon  Ladies'  Association  of  the  Union  \va: 
organized,  with  Miss  Cunningham  as  Regent  and  Vice-Regents  represent- 
ing twelve  States.     Contributions  were  solicited  and  popular  support  \va< 
enlisted.    Edward  Everett  gave  the  proceeds  of  his  lecture  on  Washing- 
ton and  of  certain  writings,  and  thus  put  into  the  Association  treasurt 

149 


Mount  Vernon.  143 

the  handsome  sum  of  $6g,ooo  as  his  personal  contribution.  Washington 
Irving  contributed  $500;  thousands  upon  thousands  of  school  children 
gave  five  cents  each.  The  full  sum  was  in  hand  before  the  end  of  1859, 
and  in  1860  Mount  Vernon  became  the  property  of  the  Association,  and 
so  of  the  Nation.  A  further  fund  was  provided  for  permanent  care  and 
maintenance  Portions  of  the  original  estate  which  had  been  sold  have 
been  acquired  again;  buildings  which  had  fallen  into  ruin  have  been  re- 
stored; the  deer  park  under  the  hill  has  been  restocked;  the  mansion  has 
been  repaired;  many  articles  of  furniture  and  adornment  have  been  re- 
stored to  the  several  rooms;  and  numbers  of  valuable  relics  and  memen- 
tos of  George  and  Martha  Washington  and  of  their  times  have  been  de- 
posited here.  The  restoration,  equipment  and  keeping  of  the  respective 
rooms  have  been  intrusted  to  the  pious  care  of  the  women  of  the  different 
States  represented  in  the  Board  of  Vice-Regents.  The  privilege  of  visit- 
ing Mount  Vernon,  and  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  it  is  a  possession 
to  be  cherished  for  all  time,  we  owe  to  this  Ladies'  Association,  and  beyond 
it  to  Ann  Pamela  Cunningham.  The  Home  and  the  Tomb  ov  Washing- 
ton will  have  for  us  added  interest  if  thus  we  shall  see  in  them  a  monu- 
ment of  the  patriotic  impulse,  courage  and  achievement  of  the  women  of 
America. 

"No  gilded  dome  swells  from  the  lowly  roof  to  catah  the  morning  or  evening 
beam;  but  the  love  and  gratitude  of  united  America  settle  upon  it  in  one  eternal 
sunshine.  From  beneath  that  humble  roof  went  forth  the  intrepid,  unselfish  warrior, 
the  magistrate  who  knew  no  glory  but  his  country's  good;  to  that  he  returned,  hap- 
piest when  his  work  was  done.  There  he  lived  in  noble  simplicity,  there  he  died  in 
glory  and  peace.  While  it  stands,  the  latest  generations  of  the  grateful  children  of 
America  will  make  this  pilgrimage  to  it  as  to  a  ihrine;  and  when  it  shall  fall,  if  fall  it 
must,  the  memory  and  the  name  of  Washington  shall  shed  an  eternal  glory  on  the 
spot." — EDWARD  EVERETT. 

The  several  rooms  have  been  assigned  to  the  particular  care  of  various 
Vice-Regents,  and  by  others  restorations  have  been  made  as  follows: 
Alabama — The  main  hall.  California — Restoration  of  wharf.  Connecti- 
cut— Spare  chamber.  Delaware — One  of  the  guest  chambers.  District 
of  Columbia — Guest  chamber.  Georgia — Mrs.  Washington's  sitting  room. 
Illinois — West  parlor.  Kansas — Restoration  of  servants'  quarters.  Louis- 
iana— Restoration  of  summer  house  and  of  piazza,  tiles.  Maine — Guest 
chamber.  Maryland — Miss  Custis's  room.  Massachusetts — Library. 
Michigan — The  old  tomb.  Minnesota — One  of  the  upper  chambers. 
Missouri — Restoration  of  garden  wall.  New  Jersey — Lafayette's  room. 
New  York — Banquet  hall.  North  Carolina — Northwest  upper  chamber. 
Ohio — East  parlor  or  music  room.  Pennsylvania — River  room.  Rhode 
Island — Restoration  of  sundial;  also  a  room  in  the  east  quarters.  South 
Carolina — Family  dining  room.  Tennessee — One  of  the  upper  rooms  of 
the  old  servants'  quarters.  Virginia — Room  in  which  Washington  died. 
West  Virginia — Green  room.  Wisconsin — Room  in  which  Mrs.  Wash- 
ington died.  The  arms  of  the  States  are  displayed  in  the  respective 
rooms.  We  note  briefly  some  of  the  most  interesting  relics  and  memor- 
ials in  the  mansion.  An  asterisk  (*)  signifies  that  the  article  belonged  to 


144  Washington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 

Main  IN  THE  MAIN  HALL.— Key  of  the  Bastille;  sent  by  Lafayette  to  Wash 
HM  ington  after  the  capture  of  the  prison;  wrought  iron,  7-in.  in  length. 
With  it  came  the  model  of  the  Bastille  which  is  in  the  Banquet  Hall. 
Originally  a  fortress  of  Paris,  the  Bastille  was  converted  into  a  state 
prison,  and  was  hated  by  the  people  as  an  institution  of  despotism.  One 
of  the  first  events  of  the  French  Revolution  was  the  storming  of  the 
Bastille  by  the  Paris  mob,  July  14,  1789-  Lafayette  wrote  with  the  gift: 
"Give  me  leave,  my  dear  general,  to  present  you  with  a  picture  of  the 
Bastille,  just  as  it  looked  a  few  days  after  I  ordered  its  demolition,  with 
the  main  key  of  the  fortress  of  despotism.  It  is  a  gift  which  I  owe  as  a 
son  to  my  adopted  father,  as  an  aid-de-camp  to  my  general,  as  a  mission- 
ary of  liberty  to  its  patriarch." 

Facsimile  of  Lafayette's  Agreement  to  Serve  in  the  American  Army, 
with  rank  of  Major-General;  the  contract  was  made  with  Silas  Deane  in 
Paris,  1776. 

Three  of  Washington's  swords.    A  clause  of  Washington's  will  read: 

"To  each  of  my  nephews,  William  Augustine  Washington,  George  Lewis,  George 
Steptoe  Washington,  Bushrod  Washington  and  Samuel  Washington,  I  give  one  of  the 
swords,  or  cutteaujc,  of  which  I  may  die  possessed,  and  they  are  to  chuse  in  the  order 
they  are  named.  The  swords  are  accompanied  with  an  injunction  not  to  unsheath 
them  for  the  purpose  of  shedding  blood,  except  it  be  in  self  defense  or  in  defense  of 
their  Country  and  its  rights,  and  in  the  latter  cbje  to  keep  them  unsheathed  and  prefer 
falling  with  them  in  their  hands  to  the  relinquishment  thereof." 

Three  of  the  swords  are  preserved  here:  (i)  The  one  chosen  by  B. 
Washington — a  dress  sword,  its  blade  inscribed  (in  Latin):  "Do  what  is 
right;"  and  "Fear  no  man."  Presented  by  W.  F.  Havemeyer,  of  New 
York.  (2)  The  one  chosen  by  Lewis — a  dress  sword,  worn  at  the  An- 
napolis resignation,  at  the  New  York  inauguration  and  on  state  occasions. 
(3)  The  one  chosen  by  G.  S.  Washington.  This  was  presented  to  Wash- 
ington by  Theophilus  Alt,  a  celebrated  sword  maker  of  Solingen,  Prussia. 
The  scabbard  bears  a  German  inscription,  which  translated  reads:  "De- 
stroyer of  Despotism,  Protector  of  Freedom,  Glorious  Man!  Accept 
from  my  son's  hand  this  sword,  I  pray  thee.  THEOPHILUS  ALT."  The 
sword  was  presented  to  the  Association  by  Miss  Alice  L.  Riggs,  of  Wash- 
ington. 

Discharge  papers  of  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  signed  by  Washington, 

copy  of  a  print  owned  by  Washington.     The  Sortie  of  the  Garrison  of 

braltar.    Engravings  of  Trumbull's  paintings— Bunker  Hill  and  Death  of 

Montgomery.    The  clock  on  the  stairs  was  presented  by  New  Jersey.    The 

table  belonged  to  W.  A.  Washington. 

*  THE  EAST  PARLOR,  OR  Music  ROOM.— Harpsichord,   imported   from 

EMt  London  (cost  $1,000)  as  bridal  present  from  Washington  to  Nellie  Custis. 

P-rlor  F    :sented  to  the  Association  in  1860  by  Mrs.  Robert  E.  Lee.    Many  of  the 

•yones  are  missing.    Flute,*  rosewood,  silver  mounted.     Panel  of  coach.* 

table*  on  which    Washington    and    Lafayette    played    whist.     The 

d  music  book  belonged  to  Washington's  cousin,   Mrs.   Fauntle- 

e  Venetian  mirror  is  similar  to  one  which  hung  here,  and  the  up- 


Mount  Vernon. 


145 


EAST  PARLOR  OR   MUSIC  ROOM. 


bolstering,  in  musical  and  floral  designs,  is  a  reproduction  of  the  original. 
Photo  copy  of  pastel  of  Nellie  Custis  when  a  girl. 

In  the  cabinet :  Plan*  of  piazza  tiles,  spectacles,*  Pallissy  china  figure,* 
champagne  glasses,*  preserve  dish,*  steel  camp  fork,*  cans,*  silver  heel 
of  slipper  worn  by  Martha  Washington;  blue  and  gold  dishes,  part 
of  the  dessert  set  given  by  Lafayette.  The  china  plate  was  Mrs.  Fauntle- 
roy's.  Lock  of  Washington's  hair.  Photograph  of  Uzal  Knapp,  last 
survivor  of  Washington's  Life  Guard;  born  at  Stamford,  Conn.,  1758; 
died  at  New  Windsor,  N.  Y.,  1856;  his  grave  is  at  the  foot  of  the  flagstaff 
before  Washington's  Headquarters  at  Newburgh. 

IN  THE  WEST  PARLOR  the  window  cornices  and  curtain  bands  are  West  Parlor 
relics  of  the  days  before  George  Washington  came  to  live  here,  and  the 
painting  of  Vernon's  Fleet,  which  hangs  over  the  mantel,  is  one  the  Ad- 
miral presented  to  Lawrence  Washington ;  the  family  arms  are  displayed 
here.  Several  of  the  chairs  belonged  to  Washington ;  the  chair  in  brown 
and  gold  was  in  the  dining  room.  The  white  enamel  chair,  with  pink  and 
cream  brocaded  satin,  came  from  the  Chateau  de  Chavagniac,  the  birthplace 
of  Lafayette ;  it  was  presented  to  the  Association  by  Senator  Edmond  de 
Lafayette,  a  grandson  of  the  Marquis.  Another  reminder  of  the  part  of 
France  in  the  Revolutionary  War  is  found  in  the  portrait  of  Louis  XVI., 
which  is  from  the  same  plate  as,  and  supplies  the  place  of,  the  portrait 
which  Louis  sent  to  Washington  as  a  token  of  his  esteem.  The  rug 
was  made  by  order  of  Louis  XVI.  of  France  for  Washington,  but  as  the 
President  was  not  permitted  to  receive  presents  from  foreign  powers,  it 


146 


Washington,  tlie  Nations  Capital. 


was  sold,  being  bought  by  Judge  Jasper  Yates,  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  by 
whose  great  granddaughter,  Mrs.  Sarah  Yates  Whelen,  it  was  presented 
to  the  Regents  in  1897.  It  is  of  a  dark  green  ground;  in  the  centre  is  the 
American  eagle  surrounded  with  stars. 

IN  THE  LIBRARY  one  notes,  not  without  curiosity,  the  titles  of  the 
books  which  made  up  the  reading  of  the  master  of  Mount  Vernon,  as  sol- 
dier, statesman  and  farmer;  for  while  the  books  are  not  those  actually 
owned  by  Washington,  they  are  for  the  most  part  duplicates  of  such 
works  as  were  here  in  his  day.  Nearly  the  whole  of  the  original  Wash- 
ington library  is  now  in  the  Boston  Athenaeum.  Within  the  bookcase  is 
Washington's  silver  inkstand,  with  silver  snuffers  and  tray. 

Among  the  other  relics  of  Washington  are  two  chairs;  a  surveyor's  tri- 
pod. The  copies  of  Stuart's  unfinished  portraits  of  George  and  Martha 
Washington  are  justly  admired;  the  originals,  owned  by  the  Boston 
Athenaeum,  are  in  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  in  Boston ;  they  were  painted 
from  life  in  1795.  This  Stuart  is  known  as  "the  standard  head"  of  Wash- 
ington, and  the  portraits  are  the  ones  which  have  been  chosen  for  repro- 
duction in  this  volume.  The  bronze  bust  is  from  the  original  by  Houdon. 
There  are  medallions  of  Washington  and  Lafayette.  A  plaster-of-paris 
globe,*  and  a  photo  of  Gilbert  Stuart;  portrait  of  John  Adams.  A  frame 
contains  portraits  of  sixty  generals  of  the  Revolution. 

Family  THE  FAMILY  DINING  ROOM  is  adorned  with  a  Chippendale  sideboard 
t)«ning  wnjch  belonged  to  Washington,  and  was  presented  to  the  Association  by 
Mrs.  Robert  E.  Lee.  The  china  in  the  corner  cupboard  is  a  reproduc- 
tion of  the  set  presented  to  Mrs.  Washington  by  the  officers  of  the  French 
fleet  in  1792;  each  piece  is  inscribed  with  the  monogram  M.  W.  in  a 
wreath  of  olive  and  laurel,  and  with  a  chain  whose  links  contain  the 


WASHINGTON'S  LIBRARY 


Mount  Vernon. 


147 


BANQUET  HALL. 

iiames  ot  the  fifteen  States  of  the  period.  The  liquor  case  was  presented 
to  Washington  by  Lord  Fairfax.  Among  contemporary  furnishings  are 
two  cutlery  cases,  a  cut  glass  decanter,  andirons  and  fender  from  the  Rut- 
ledge  home.  The  fireplace  backing  is  from  Belvoir,  the  country  home  of 
Lord  Fairfax.  There  is  a  bust  of  Washington  with  the  jewel  of  a  Grand 
Master.  Generals  Moultrie,  Pickens,  Marion  and  Sumter  and  Baron  De 
Kalb  are  represented  by  portraits  in  oil ;  and  there  is  a  portrait  of  Miss 
Cunningham,  with  whom  originated  the  purpose  of  preserving  Mount 
Vernon.  The  stucco  ceiling  is  the  original ;  it  has  been  repaired  and 
painted. 

IN  MRS.  WASHINGTON'S  SITTING  ROOM  is  a  mirror  on  a  card  table  and  a 
mirror  used  in  the  Philadelphia  house  occupied  by  the  Washingtons-;  a 
framed  copy  of  the  Wahington  pedigree ;  candelabrum  and  silver  candle- 
stick owned  by  the  Washington  family;  an  engraving  of  Savage's  Wash- 
ington ;  four  prints  which  hung  here  in  Washington's  day — The  Siege,  two 
of  The  Defense,  and  the  Relief  of  Gibraltar.  There  is  also  a  portrait  of 
Miss  Cunningham. 

IN  THE  BANQUET  HALL. — The  central  ornament  is  the  mantelpiece,  Banquet  Hall 
of  Carrara  and  Siena  marble,  carved  in  Italy  and  presented  to  Washington 
by  Samuel  Vaughan,  of  London.  The  story  goes  that  on  its  way  to 
America  the  mantel  was  taken  by  French  pirates,  who  sent  it  to  its  destina- 
tion uninjured  when  they  learned  that  it  belonged  to  Washington.  The 
panels,  attributed  to  Canova,  are  carved  to  represent  pastoral  scenes. 
The  stucco  designs  of  the  ceiling  and  walls,  symbolic  of  agriculture,  are 


Mrs.  Wash' 
ington's  Sit- 
ting Room 


T48  Washington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 

suggestive  that  the  host  who  presided  here  was  himself  a  farmer.     On  a 
HM  mahogany  claw-foot  dining  table,  after  the  style  of  the  one  here  originally, 
is  seen  the  plateau  of  mirrored  glass  and  silver  used  by  Washington  on 
occasions  of  state  dinners. 

The  most  notable  portrait  is  Rembrandt  Peale's  Washington  be- 
fore Yorktown;  the  canvas  contains  also  portraits  of  Hamilton,  Knox, 
Lincoln,  Lafayette  and  Rochambeau.  The  walnut  frame  was  made  from 
a  tree  on  the  estate  of  Robert  Morris.  Other  portraits  are:  Copy,  by 
Clark  Mills,  of  Houdon's  bust;  copies  of  originals  by  Stuart,  Trumbull, 
Elizabeth  Sharpless ;  a  miniature  by  Bone  after  the  Lansdowne  Stuart , 
and  a  silk  copy  woven  in  black  and  white  of  the  Stuart  head,  done  in 
France.  There  is  a  copy  of  Richardson's  "Character  of  Washington."  The 
silken  banner  with  the  arms  of  Great  Britain  was  presented  by  General 
Grant.  The  two  oil  paintings*  (by  Beck)  of  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Poto- 
mac, and  the  Potomac  above  the  Great  Falls  hang  in  the  dining  room; 
they  were  painted  from  points  chosen  by  Washington.  There  is  a  water 
color  of  Sulgrave  Manor,  the  English  home  of  the  Washingtons ;  Washing- 
ton College,  Little  Brington  and  Great  Brington  Church  (containing  tombs 
of  the  Washingtons),  England. 

Other  objects  in  this  room  which  belonged  to  Washington  are :  Model 
of  the  Bastille,  French  clock,  two  porcelain  vases  and  two  silver  bracket 
lamps,  mirror  with  coat-of-arms,  two  mahogany  flower-stands,  foot-bench 
formerly  in  his  pew  in  old  Trinity  Church  in  New  York,  portrait  of  David 
Rittenhouse. 

In  the  cabinet  is  shown  Washington's  punchbowl,  presented  by  Mrs.  J. 
V.  R.  Townsend,  of  New  York,  Regent.  A  strand  of  Washington's  hair; 
and  one  of  Martha  Washington's.  Copy  in  silk  embroidery  by  a  daughter 
of  Sharpless  of  that  artist's  portrait  of  Washington.  Satin  belt  worn  by 
one  of  the  3,000  schoolgirls  who  in  1824  welcomed  Lafayette.  Cup  belong- 
ing to  Col.  Jno.  Washington ;  plate  belonging  to  Chas.  Washington ;  mus- 
tard cup  used  by  Washington.  Champagne  glass*  and  jelly  glasses.* 

In  the  sideboard,  which  was  given  by  the  grandsons  of  Eleanor  Parke 
Custis,  are  spoon,*  topaz  shoe-buckle,*  button  from  military  uniform,* 
Japanese  dressing  case,*  silver  toilet  articles.*  Some  of  the  Mt.  Vernon 
china.  Mrs.  Washington's  needle  book.  Old  point  lace  worn  by  Mrs. 
Washington ;  chair  cushion  worked  by  her ;  three  letters  written  by  her  to 
Nellie  Custis;  two  letters  written  by  C.  P.  Custis  to  his  mother.  Bit  of 
Washington's  coffin.  The  sideboard  also  contains  Martha  Washington's 
ivory  fan,  exquisitely  carved  and  painted,  and  remnants  and  pieces  of  dress 
goods  worn  by  her.  A  brick  from  Fraunce's  Tavern,  New  York  City,  in 
which  occurred  Washington's  "immortal  farewell"  to  his  officers. 
iJJJJJ  ^PPER  ROOMS.— In  the  Upper  Hall  the  cabinet  contains  several 

relics  of  Washington,  including  a  suit  of  clothes,  a  velvet  waistcoat,  silk 
stockings,  compass,  reading  glass  and  fire  buckets.  A  quilt  and  a  piece 
f  knitting  were  made  by  Washington's  niece,  Frances  W.  Ball.  Quilt 
made  by  Mrs.  Washington  of  pieces  of  her  gowns  for  her  nephew,  Judge 
Halyburton ;  bedspread  given  by  her  to  Ann  Jacobus.  Powder  horn  used  by 


Mount  Vcrnon. 


149 


THE   ROOM    IN    WHICH    WASHINGTON    DIED. 

minute  man  at  Concord;  one  of  the  Charleville  muskets  brought  to  America 
by  Lafayette. 

THE  ROOM  IN  WHICH  WASHINGTON  DIED  is  the  south  bedroom;  off  Washington'* 
from  it  open  a  dressing  room  and  A  linen  closet.  The  furniture  is  that  Room 
which  was  used  by  Washington ;  the  bedstead  is  the  one  upon  which  he 
died,  and  on  the  chair,  at  the  moment  of  his  death,  lay  the  open  Bible  from 
which  Mrs.  Washington  had  been  reading  to  him.  The  mahogany  table 
was  here.  The  haircloth  coach  chest  bears  the  intials  G.  W.  and  the 
date  1775 ;  the  chair  cushions  were  embroidered  by  Mrs.  Washington  for 
her  granddaughter,  Eliza  P.  Custis ;  and  the  dimity  chair  cover,  with  its 
design  of  a  vase  of  flowers,  is  a  specimen  of  the  needlework  of  Washing- 
ton's niece,  Frances  Washington  Ball.  The  large  chair  belonged  to  Wash- 
ingtonis  mother.  Secretary*  loaned  by  Gen.  G.  W.  Custis  Lee.  The  toilet 
case  was  Mrs.  Washington's.  In  the  hall  are  framed  twenty-three  portraits 
of  Washington,  presented  by  Hampton  L.  Carson. 

MRS.  WASHINGTON'S  ROOM  is  in  the  attic.     After  the  death  of  General  Hrs. 
Washington  the  south  bedroom  was  closed,  in  accordance  with  a  custom  of  Washington's 
the  time,  to  be  left  vacant  for  the  space  of  three  years ;  and  Mrs.  Washing-  Room 
ton  occupied   the   room   directly  above,   choosing   it   because   the   dormer 
window  overlooked  the  grave  of  her  husband.     It  was  here  that  she  died. 
The  furniture  and  hangings  are  reproductions  of  the  originals. 

Miss  CUSTIS'S  ROOM  was  the  one  occupied  by  Eleanor  Parke  Custis.  Miss  Custis's 
It  is  quaintly  furnished  with  high  bed  reached  by  carpeted  steps,  antique  Room 
mirror,  and  chest  of  drawers  with  brass  handles  fashioned  in  the  design 
of  a  recumbent  lion.    The  table  cover  and  the  lion  device  of  the  stool  were 


•50 


,  tlic  \  at  ion's  Capital. 


MRS.  WASHINGTON  S  ROOM. 


embroidered  by  her.  The  folding  washstand  and  one  of  the  chairs  came 
from  the  home  of  Charles  Carroll  of  Carrolkon;  and  one  reflects  that 
these  might  have  belonged  to  Nellie  Custis  herself,  had  she  favored  the 
suit  of  the  son  of  Carroll,  who  came  to  Mount  Vernon  to  seek  her  hand. 
On  the  mantel  is  a  framed  autograph  letter  of  Lawrence  Lewis. 
Lafayette'*  LAFAYETTE'S  ROOM  was  the  one  which  the  Marquis  occupied  when  a 

Room  guest  here.  There  is  an  engraved  copy  of  the  Lafayette  portrait  by  Ary 
Scheffer  (in  the  Capitol),  and  other  pictures  are  engraved  portraits  of 
Washington  (the  Lansdowne  Stuart),  of  Martha  Washington,  painted  by 
Wallaston  as  the  Bride  of  Mount  Vernon ;  William  Pitt  and  Baron  Steu- 
ben.  The  walnut  stand  was  made  from  wood  from  the  estate  of  Robert 
Morris.  The  embroidered  fruit  piece  is  a  specimen  of  the  needlework  of 
the  days  of  the  Revolution. 
THE  RIVER  ROOM  contains  a  chair  which  came  to  America  with  the  May- 

R<x>m  fl°wer.  °r  soon  after.  The  bedstead  was  used  by  Washington  in  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1777.  In  the  GREEN  ROOM  the  bedstead  is  associated  with  the 
history  of  the  Mount  Vernon  household ;  it  belonged  to  Mrs.  Washington's 
brother-in-law,  Colonel  Bassett,  and  was  the  one  upon  which  John  Custis 
died,  at  Eltham,  during  the  siege  of  Yorktown.  In  one  of  the  window 
panes,  more  than  a  hundred  years  ago,  Eliza  P.  Custis,  one  of  Mrs.  Wash- 
ington's grandchildren,  cut  with  a  diamond  her  name  and  the  date  Aug.  2, 
1792;  and  it  is  here  to-day.  The  mirror  over  the  mantel  and  the  corner 
chair  belonged  to  W.  A.  Washington.  In  the  cabinet :  Pincushion  made 
from  Mrs.  Washington's  wedding  dress ;  needle  case  made  from  dress  worn 


Mount  Vernon. 


GEORGE   WASHINGTON. 
The  Stuart  Portrait  in  the  Boston  Museum  of  Fine  Arts. 


I52  Washington,  the  Nations  Capital. 

by  her  at  last  President's  levee  in  Philadelphia;  pen  with  which  contract 
for  purchase  of  Mt.  Vernon  was  signed. 

In  the  CONNECTICUT  ROOM  may  be  seen  an  old-fashioned  fire  screen,  witl 
adjustable  frame,  by  which  the  embroidered  shield  may  be  raised  or  lowered 
at  pleasure.  Two  cutlery  cases  attract  attention  in  the  NORTH  CAROLINA 
ROOM  and  the  counterpane  is  valued  for  its  age  of  a  hundred  years  and 
more  The  hornets'  nest  is  from  Mecklenburg  county.  Col.  Tarleton 


THE    STUART    PMHRAIT    OF    MARTHA    WASHINGTON. 
Painted  from  life  in  1795. 

called  Mecklenburg  the  Hornets'  Nest  because  of  the  fighting  qualities  of 
the  Revolutionary  soldiers  who  came  from  there.  The  English  bedstead 
in  the  FLORIDA  ROOM  was  brought  to  this  country  by  way  of  Bermuda.  The 
mahogany  chairs  in  the  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  ROOM  belonged  originally 
to  Mount  Vernon.  The  upper  north  chamber  contains  a  very  curious 
old  print,  the  Shade  of  Washington.  It  pictures  the  Old  Tomb,  with  over- 
hanging.trees,  whose  trunks  and  branches  are  so  disposed  as  to  outline  the 
Jhadowy  form  of  Washington. 


»54 


Washington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 


THE  OLD  TOMB. 

Upper      THE   RHODE  ISLAND  ROOM,  one  of  the   upper   rooms   in   the   restored 

Room*  east  quarters,  contains  among  other  relics  a  table  upon  which  was  spread 

out  for  discussion  the  plans  of  the  battles  of  Bunker  Hill,  Lexington  and 

Concord.     TENNESSEE'S   ROOM   here   is   furnished  in  Colonial   style,  with 

furniture  made  of  Tennessee  wild  cherry. 

Kitchen  The  culinary  art  is  no  longer  practiced  in  the  kitchen,  although  the 
crane  still  hangs  in  the  great  fireplace  and  the  brick  oven  is  well  pre- 
served ;  here  one  may  buy  milk,  photographs,  books  and  a  copy  of  Wash- 
ington's will.  The  old  hominy  mortar  is  in  the  superintendent's  office.  The 
outbuildings  comprise  the  customary  appendages  of  a  Virginia  home — 
butler's  house,  meat-house,  wash-house,  ice-house,  spinning-house,  green- 
house. 

>un  Dial  The  sun  dial  on  the  west  lawn  was  erected  by  citizens  of  Rhode  Island 
in  1888,  to  replace  the  one  which  stood  in  this  exact  spot  in  the  time  of 
Washington.  Horas  non  numero  nisi  serenas,  runs  the  motto — I  record 
none  but  sunny  hours. 

Tomb  THE  TOMB  OF  WASHINGTON  is  a  severely  plain  structure  of  brick,  with  an 
arched  gateway  in  front,  above  which  a  marble  slab  is  inscribed,  "With- 
in this  inclosurc  rest  the  remains  of  General  George  Washington." 
Above  the  door  of  the  tomb  are  the  words :  "I  am  the  Resurrection  and 
the  Life.  He  that  believeth  in  Me,  though  he  were  dead,  yet  shall  he 
live."  In  the  ante-chamber  are  seen  the  two  marble  sarcophagi.  The 
one  on  the  right  bears  on  its  face  the  name  of  WASHINGTON,  with  chiseled 
coat-of-arms  of  the  United  States  and  a  draped  flag.  One  of  the  talons 
of  the  eagle  in  the  coat-of-arms  is  missing ;  it  was  broken  off  by  a  vandal 
m  war  time.  The  other  sarcophagus  is  inscribed,  "MARTHA,  Consort  of 
Washington.  Died  May  21,  1801,  aged  71  years."  Curiously  enough  the 
date  is  an  error;  it  should  have  read  1802.  This  tomb  is  known  as  the 


Mount  Vcrnon. 


155 


New  Toinb,  in  distinction  from  the  original  one,  on  the  right  of  the  path  Tomb 
leading  to  the  house.  It  was  to  the  Old  Tomb  that  Lafayette  paid  his 
memorable  visit  in  1824.  In  1831  the  tomb  was  broken  into  and  rifled  of 
a  skull,  which  the  dastard  robber  believed  to  be  that  of  Washington,  but 
was  proved  not  to  be.  The  new  and  more  secure  vault  was  then  made 
ready,  and  the  remains  were  transferred  to  it.  In  1837,  John  Struthers,  of 
Philadelphia,  having  hewn  the  two  sarcophagi,  each  from  a  single  block 
of  marble,  and  presented  them  for  the  purpose,  the  remains  of  Washing- 
ton and  Martha  his  wife  were  intrusted  to  their  final  keeping,  and  the  key 
of  the  vault  was  cast  into  the  Potomac.  Within  the  vault  rest  forty  mem- 
bers of  the  Washington,  Custis  and  related  families.  Near  by  are  placed 
monuments  to  the  memory  of  four  of  them :  Judge  Bushrod  Washington, 
who  inherited  Mount  Vernon ;  his  nephew,  John  A.  Washington,  who 
succeeded  him  in  the  possession  of  the  estate;  Mrs.  Eleanor  Parke  Lewis, 
who  was  Nellie  Custis;  and  her  daughter,  Mrs.  M.  E.  A.  Conrad. 

Interest  attaches  to  several  trees  near  the  Tomb  which  have  been  planted  riemorial 
as  tributes  to  Washington.    They  may  be  identified  by  the  numbers  affixed  Trees 
to  them : 

No.  1.     Elm,  planted  in  1876  by  Dom  Pedro,  Emperor  of  Brazil. 
No.  2.    Maple,  planted  Oct.  31,  1881,  by  the  Temperance  Ladies  of  America. 
No.  3.     British  Oak,  planted  by  request  of  H.   R.  H.  Prince  of  Wales,  to  replace  the 

memorial  tree   planted   by  him  during   his   visit  to   Mount   Vernon   in  I860, 

which  tree  died. 
Xo.  4.     Planted  Nov.  29,  1890,  by  the  Sigma  Phi   Fraternity  (a  college  society). 


THE  SUPERINTENDENT'S  OFFICE,  FORMERLY  THE  NORTH  KITCHEN. 


156 


Washington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 


•Umorial 


n(,wer 


N'°-  *•  Concord  Elm,  planted  April,  1897,  by  the  Children  of  the  American  Revolution 
No.  6.  White  Oak,  planted  May  13,  1899,  by  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers 
No.  7.  German  Linden,  planted  Feb.  27,  1902,  by  H.  R.  II.  Prince  Henry  of  Prussia. 
No.  8.  Elm.  planted  March  19,  1902,  by  the  Phi  Kappa  Psi  Fraternity  (a  college 
society). 

THE  FLOWER  GARDEN  is  quaint  with  boxwood  hedges,  which  are  re- 
puted  to  have  been  set  out  more  than  a  century  and  a  half  ago.  In  each 
plot  on  the  side  of  the  main  walk  the  central  space  is  occupied  by  a  circu- 
lar bed,  around  which  are  disposed  four  oval  and  four  triangular  beds, 
the  whole  forming  a  square.  Some  of  the  beds  near  the  greenhouses  are 
very  intricate  and  curious  in  design.  The  Kentucky  coffee  tree  was 
planted  by  Lafayette  in  1824;  and  the  four  strawberry  shrubs,  or  calycan- 
thi,  were  sent  to  Washington  by  Jefferson  from  Monticello  ;  John  Augus- 
tine Washington  named  the  shrubs  after  the  four  Presidents,  Adams, 
Jefferson.  Madison  and  Monroe.  The  hydrangea  was  planted  here  by 
Lafayette  in  1824.  A  sago  palm  is  the  only  greenhouse  plant  now  living 
which  was  at  Mount  Vernon  in  Washington's  day.  At  the  foot  of  the 
garden  is  the  famous  Mary  Washington  rose,  named  by  Washington  for 
his  mother.  Slips  of  this  rose,  cuttings  from  the  willow  which  came 
from  Napoleon's  grave  at  St.  Helena,  young  palms  from  the  sago,  and  a 
variety  of  shrubs  and  plants,  are  sold  as  souvenirs,  the  revenue  thus  ob- 
tained going  to  the  support  of  Mount  Vernon.  For  nearly  thirty  years  the 
garden  has  been  in  charge  of  Mr.  Franklin  A.  Whelan,  to  whose  intelli- 
gent care  its  present  admirable  condition  is  largely  due. 

Washington  devoted  much  attention  to  the  selection  and  cultivation  of 
trees  for  the  adornment  of  Mount  Vernon;  and  many  which  he  set  out 


WASHINGTON'S  BARN,  MOUNT  VERNON. 


Mount  Vcrnon. 


157 


THE    RIVER    ROOM. 


and  cared  for  are  still  flourishing  and  command  admiration.  Near  the 
butler's  house  is  the  magnolia  which  was  brought  by  him  from  the  James 
River  in  1799,  the  last  year  of  his  life. 

The  elm  in  one  of  the  mounds  near  the  entrance  to  the  grounds  was  a 
slip  from  the  Washington  elm  in  Cambridge;  it  was  sent  to  Mount  Ver- 


Trees 


MOUNT  VERNON   FROM  THE   WEST. 


Photo  copyright,  1898.  by  Leet  Bros. 


WASHINGTON'S 


UNT    VEKNON,    VA. 


i6o 


Washington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 


ii.  .n    by    Miss    Alice    Longfellow,    Vice-Regent    for    Massachusetts,    and 
planted  by  Mrs.  Cleveland. 

THE  BARN  was  built  by  Lawrence  Washington  in  1753  with  bricks  im- 
B*ni  ported   from    England.      In   the  coach   house   is   Washington's   carriage, 
known  as  the  "lost  coach,"  which  was  recovered  and  presented  to  the 
Association  in  1895  by  Mr.  R.  I.  Brownfield,  of  Philadelphia.    The  sum- 
mer-house in  front  of  the  mansion  was  restored  with  funds  contributed 
-^  by  school  children  of  Louisiana.     The  deer  park  under  the  hill,  originally 
Park  established  by  Washington  in  1785,  was  restored  in  1887  by  the  sons  of  the 
late   Mrs.    Robert   Campbell,    Vice-Regent    for    Missouri    of   the    Mount 
Vernon  Ladies'  Association.    It  contains  several  Virginia  deer. 

From  Washington  to  Mount  Vernon  through  Old  Virginia. 

The  trip  to  Mount  Vernon  via  the  all-rail  route  of  the  electric  trains 
along  the  beautiful  Virginia  shores  of  the  Potomac  River  is  a  most  en- 
joyable and  interesting  manner  of  making  this  patriotic  pilgrimage.  Com- 
petent guides  accompany  each  train,  who  point  out  and  explain  the  many 
points  of  historical  and  traditional  interest  in  which  the  section  traversed 
abounds.  Leaving  the  conveniently  located  station  at  13^  Street  and 
Pennsylvania  Avenue,  these  swift  and  comfortable  electric  trains  pass 
the  Washington  Monument,  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing,  and  the 
Agricultural  Department,  and  cross  the  Potomac  into  Virginia  via  the 
famous  Long  Bridge,  across  which  the  Federal,  armies  marched  in  the 

Civil  War.  On  the  Virginia 
heights  on  the  right  is  Arlington, 
the  former  home  of  Robert  E.  Lee 
and  now  the  Arlington  National 
Cemetery.  It  has  already  been 
described  in  an  earlier  chapter. 

Fort  Runyon,  the  base  of  the 
first  picketing  and  skirmishing  of 
the  great  civil  strife;  the  old 
Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal,  first 
ground  for  which  was  broken  by 
President  John  Quincy  Adams, 
July  4th,  1828;  Abington,  the  old 
colonial  homestead  where  Nellie 
Custis,  the  adopted  daughter  of 
Gen.  Washington,  was  born;  the 
stream  upon  which  Gen.  Washing- 
ton's mills  were  located;  the  old 
St.  Asaph  race  track,  and  the 
heights  upon  which  Gen.  Braddock 
and  his  army  camped  before  that 
disastrous  campaign  against  the 
Indians  in  the  Ohio  Valley,  are  all 
pointed  out  and  cleverly  explained. 


Steps  of  Old  City  Hotel  where  Washington 
made  his  last  farewell  address. 


Mount  Vcrnon. 


161 


WASHINGTON  S    PEW    IN    CHRIST   CHURCH. 


At  Alexandria  stop-over  privilege  is  allowed  in  order  that  the  many  Alexandria 
points  of  note  may  be  visited.  Christ  Church,  containing  the  unaltered 
pews  of  Gen.  George  Washington  and  Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee,  both  of  whom 
were  vestrymen;  the  engine  house  of  the  old  Friendship  Fire  Company, 
organized  in  1774,  and  of  which  company  Washington  was  a  member ; 
the  Marshall  House,  where  Col.  Ellsworth  met  his  tragic  death  for  tearing 
down  a  Confederate  flag  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War;  the  old  City 
Hotel,  that  historic  hostelry,  from  the  steps  of  which  Washington  gave 
his  last  military  command  in  1799,  also  his  headquarters,  and  where  the 
22d  of  February  was  first  celebrated  at  a  "Birth-Night  Ball"  given  in  his 
honor ;  the  Masonic  Lodge  room  where  Washington  presided  as  worship- 
ful master;  the  Carlyle  House,  built  in  1752,  Gen.  Braddock's  headquarters, 
and  where  Washington  received  his  first  commission,  as  well  as  numerous 
other  places  rich  in  the  lore  of  colonial  and  Civil  War  time,  annually 
attract  thousands  of  tourists. 

After  leaving  Alexandria,  the  Episcopal  Theological  Seminary,  where 
Phillips  Brooks  and  Bishop  Potter  graduated  for  the  ministry;  the  Old 
Kings  Highway,  traveled  by  Washington  on  his  way  to  and  from  Alex- 
andria, and  over  which  Sherman  marched  with  his  army  from  the  sea ; 
Mount  Eagle,  formerly  the  house  of  Byron  Fairfax,  son  of  William  of 
Belvoir,  and  brother-in-law  of  Lawrence  Washington,  the  founder  of  Mt. 
Vernon ;  the  estate  of  Geo.  Mason,  author  of  Virginia's  Constitution  and 
Bill  of  Rights ;  the  ancient  settlement  of  Piscataway,  where  the  first  print- 
ing press  was  set  up  in  the  colonies,  and  which  contains  old  Broad  Creek 


162 


Washington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 


CHRIST    CHURCH     (WASHINGTON'S    CHURCH). 

Church,  erected  in  1694;  Wellington,  the  home  of  Col.  Tobias  Lear,  Gen. 
Washington's  secretary;  the  old  Yorktown  road,  down  which  came  the 
armies  of  Washington,  Lafayette  and  Wayne  on  their  way  to  Yorktown 
in  1781,  and  the  site  of  the  Indian  settlement  of  Assaomeck,  where  Capt. 
John  Smith  stopped  and  held  parley  with  the  Indians  in  1607,  all  bring 
forcibly  to  mind  the  scenes  and  associations  of  this  vastly  interesting  his- 
torical country.  Fort  Washington  and  Fort  Hunt  may  be  seen,  shortly 
after  which  the  terminus  at  Mount  Vernon  is  reached.  The  round  trip 
via  this  line  may  be  made  in  three  hours,  allowing  one  hour  and  twenty 
minutes  on  the  grounds. 


ALEXANDRIA. 


ALEXANDRIA  is  8  miles  from  Washington.  The  route  is  via  the  Washington,  Alex- 
andria &  Mt.  Vernon  Railway  from  station,  13^  street  and  Pennsylvania  avenue. 

PRESIDENT  WASHINGTON'S  pew  in  Christ  Church,  Alexandria,  is  still 
preserved  as  it  appeared  when  occupied  by  the  family.  One  may  make 
the  visit  to  Alexandria  in  connection  with  the  Mount  Vernon  trip.  The 
church  is  closed  on  week  days,  but  the  sexton  is  usually  on  the  premises 
from  9  o'clock  until  5,  and  will  obligingly  open  the  door  on  request. 
The  church  is  on  Washington  street. 

Fairfax  Parish,  to  which  Alexandria  belongs,  was  created  in  1765;   and  Ch  .  t 
among  the  first  vestrymen  chosen  was  George  Washington,  then  thirty-  church 
three  years  of  age.     Christ  Church  was  completed  on  Feb.  27,  1773,  and 
en  the  same  day  Colonel  Washington  subscribed  the  highest  price  paid 
for  a  pew,  £36  IDS.,  contracting  further  to  pay  for  it  an  annual  rental  of  £5 
sterling. 

The  pews,  which  originally  were  square,  were  changed — all  but  Wash- 
ington's— to  the  present  style  in  1860.  Other  alterations  of  the  interior 
were  made  in  later  years;  but  a  wiser  afterthought  has  restored  the  church 
to  the  style  of  the  Colonial  days.  The  sounding-board  and  the  wine-glass 
pulpit  are  facsimiles  of  the  originals.  The  chancel  rail  and  the  mural  tab- 
lets of  the  Lord's  Prayer  and  the  Apostles'  Creed  were  here  in  Washing- 
ton's time;  the  communion  table,  reading  desk  and  chairs  are  those  which 
were  used  then;  and  so  likewise  is  the  crystal  chandelier  of  solid  brass 
with  its  twelve  candlesticks  to  typify  the  Twelve  Apostles.  In  the  old 
days  candles  were  used  to  light  the  church;  on  the  pillars  may  still  be 
detected  beneath  the  paint  the  marks  of  the  sconces  and  tinder  box.  The 
baptismal  font  dates  from  1818. 

Washington's  pew,  Nos.  59  and  60,  is  on  the  left  side,  near  the  front,  Washington'! 
and  is  marked  by  a  silver  plate  with  facsimile  of  his  autograph;   it  has  two  Pew 
seats,  one  facing  the  other,  and  a  third  cross  seat  against  the  wall;    the 
pew  is  now  reserved  for  strangers.     Across  the  aisle  is  the  pew  which 
was  occupied  by  the  Lees;    its  silver  plate  bears  the  name  of  Robert  E. 
Lee  in  autograph.     Twin  mural  tablets  set  in  place  in  1870  are  inscribed 
in  memory  of  George  Washington  and  Robert  Edward  Lee. 

In  the  vestry  room  may  be  seen  the  record  of  Washington's  purchase 
of  his  pew  in  1773;  and  the  first  Bible  and  Church  Service,  the  Bible  bear- 
ing an  Edinburgh  imprint  of  1767.  The  long-handled  purses  used  in 
Washington's  time  for  the  offerings  are  perhaps  the  most  curious  of  all 
the  Alexandria  relics  of  old  days  and  old  ways. 

163 


164 


irashin&ton,  the  Nation's  Capital. 


BLUE   ROOM    OF   THE   CARLYLE    HOUSE. 


House 


Second  only  to  Christ  Church  in  interest  of  historical  associations  is 
C«rlyl«  thc  Carlyle  House,  on  the  corner  of  Fairfax  and  Cameron  streets.  Built 
by  John  Carlyle  in  the  year  1752,  at  a  period  when  Alexandria  was  the 
metropolis  of  the  British  Empire  in  America,  the  house  had  full  share 
with  the  town  in  events  which  were  portentous  of  revolution.  It  was 
the  time  of  the  French  and  Indian  Wars,  and  Gen.  Braddock  had  come 
to  America  to  assume  command  of  the  British  forces.  Here  had  repaired, 
to  confer  with  him,  the  Governors  of  six  of  the  colonies — Shirley  of 
Massachusetts,  DeLancey  of  New  York,  Morris  of  Pennsylvania,  Sharpe 
of  Maryland,  Dinwiddie  of  Virginia  and  Dobbs  of  North  Carolina.  By 
invitation  of  Mr.  Carlyle  they  met  in  the  blue  room  of  the  mansion.  The 
chief  purpose  was  to  devise  means  for  raising  revenue  for  the  support  of 
service  in  North  America ;  and  it  was  resolved  that  the  Governors  having 
found  it  impracticable  to  obtain  in  their  respective  governments  the  pro- 
portion expected  by  His  Majesty,  "they  are  unanimously  of  the  opinion 
that  it  should  be  proposed  to  His  Majesty's  ministers  to  find  out  some 
method  compelling  them  to  do  it."  When  the  Alexandrians  heard  of  this 
resolution  of  the  congress  they  met  in  the  court  house  opposite  the  Car- 
lyle House,  and,  with  George  Washington  in  the  chair,  resolved:  "That 
taxation  and  representation  are  in  their  nature  inseparable."  The  action 
of  the  six  Governors  was  received  in  like  spirit  by  the  Colonies;  and 
thus  the  Congress  of  Alexandria,  as  the  meeting  in  Mr.  Carlyle's  blue 
room  was  known,  contributed  largely  to  the  growing  discontent  which 


Alexandria. 


165 


CARLYLE    HOUSE — EAST    FRONT. 


twenty  years  later  found  expression  in  the   Revolution.     To  the   Carlyle  Carlyle 
House    came    George    Washington,    summoned    from    Mount    Vernon   by  House 
Braddock,  who  offered  him  a  commission  as  Major  in  the  British  Army; 
and  it  was  in  the  Carlyle  House  that,  contrary  to  Washington's  advice, 
Braddock's   disastrous   expedition   to   Fort   Duquesne  was   resolved  upon. 
From  his  early  manhood  until  his  death  Washington  was  a  frequent  and 
welcome  guest  in  the  house.     "Lodg'd  at  Col.  Carlyle's"  is  an  entry  often 
repeated  in  his  diary. 
There  has  recently  been   formed   the   "Society  for  the   Restoration   of 


!66  irashington,  the  Nation's  Capital. 

Historic  Alexandria,"  and  the  first  effort  of  the  society  is  to  restore  the 
Carlyle  cariyie  House,  to  tear  down  the  buildings  which  shut  it  in,  and  to  assure 

Moo*e  its  care  and  keeping  for  the  future.  The  house  was  solidly  built  and  is 
to-day  in  good  preservation.  There  are  still  some  of  the  original  chairs, 
hall  seats  and  other  pieces  of  fnrniture,  with  a  grandfather's  clock  which 
for  more  than  a  century  ticked  the  time  in  the  Carlyle  mansion.  The 
building  is  open  from  10  to  5  daily,  except  Sunday,  and  will  well  repay 
a  visit.  To  pay  expenses  an  admittance  fee  of  ten  cents  is  charged. 
Marshall  Another  Alexandria  landmark  is  the  Marshall  House,  on  King  street, 

House  where  the  Ellsworth  tragedy  occurred  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War. 
In  the  spring  of  1861  Alexandria  was  held  by  Confederates,  and  the  Con- 
federate flags  were  visible  from  Washington,  one  flag  in  particular,  over 
the  Marshall  House,  a  tavern  kept  by  James  Jackson,  was  the  subject  of 
remark  by  President  Lincoln.  Among  the  Federal  troops  who  took  the 
town  on  the  night  of  May  23  were  the  New  York  Fire  Zouaves,  under 
command  of  Col.  E.  E.  Ellsworth.  At  dawn,  the  Marshall  House  flag. 
still  flying  from  its  staff,  Ellsworth  entered  the  house,  went  to  the  roof  and 
tore  down  the  obnoxious  colors.  As  Ellsworth  was  coming  down  stairs. 
Jackson  emerged  from  one  of  the  rooms  armed  with  a  double-barreled 
shotgun,  raised  his  gun  and  discharged  it  at  the  Colonel,  who  was  killed 
instantly.  Jackson  then  turned  his  gun  on  others  of  the  Zouaves,  but  was 
killed  by  them  before  he  could  pull  the  trigger. 

Down  the  Historic  Potomac. 

From  their  wharf  at  the  foot  of  7th  street  the  steamers  of  the  Norfolk 
and  Washington  Line  leave  daily  for  Fortress  Monroe  and  Norfolk.  The 
sail  on  the  historic  Potomac  River,  Chesapeake  Bay  and  Hampton  Roads, 
with  a  charming  view  from  the  river  of  Washington  and  Norfolk,  as  they 
are  approached  by  daylight,  makes  this  one  of  the  most  delightful  and 
interesting  trips  on  our  continent  The  steamer  passes  in  full  view  of 
many  places  rich  in  historic  associations,  such  as  Alexandria,  Fort  Foote, 
Fort  Washington,  Mount  Vernon  (the  home  and  resting-place  of  Wash- 
ington), Indian  Head  (now  used  by  the  Government  as  the  proving 
ground  for  heavy  ordnance),  Evansport,  Acquia  Creek,  Mathias  Point 
(on  the  Virginia  shore,  where  heavy  batteries  were  erected  by  the  Con- 
federate army),  Wakefield  (the  birthplace  of  Washington),  and  Point 
Lookout  (on  the  Maryland  shore,  used  during  the  war  as  a  prison  for 
Confederates).  At  Point  Lookout  the  steamer  enters  Chesapeake  Bay, 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  bodies  of  water  in  the  world.  After  an  enjoy- 
able sail  of  four  hours  Fortress  Monroe  is  reached,  and  Old  Point. 

The  steamer  then  proceeds  through  Hampton  Roads,  made  memorable 
by  the  great  naval  conflict  between  the  Monitor  and  the  Merrimac. 
Sewall's  Point  and  Craney  Island,  where  heavy  batteries  were  erected 
by  the  Confederate  army,  are  soon  sighted ;  and  then  Norfolk  and  Ports- 
mouth, with  the  Government  Navy  Yard.  At  Norfolk  connection  is  made 
with  Old  Dominion  Line  for  New  York. 


/(•J 


The  Land  of  the  Sky. 

For    HeaJth    a^nd    Pleasure. 

Land  of  the  Sky"  is  that  portion  of  Western  North  Carolina  lying 
between  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains  and  the  Iron,  Smoky  and  Unaka  ranges 
of  Eastern  Tennessee.  It  is  a  superb  elevated  plateau,  the  lowest  point  of 
which  is  more  than  2,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  protected 
in  winter  from  chilling  winds  by  the  surrounding  mountains.  Geo- 
graphically, it  is  situated  in  the  most  favored  portion  of  the  temperate 
zone.  Topographically,  it  is  mountainous,  and  is  largely  covered  with 
forests  in  which  the  long  leaf  or  turpentine  pine  predominates.  It  is 
traversed  by  splendid  rivers,  and  dotted  with  beautiful  lakes.  Its  scenery 
is  unrivaled,  even  by  the  more  famous  localities  of  the  far  West,  and  its 
accessibility  is  such  that  it  can  be  reached  either  from  the  North,  the  East, 
the  South,  or  the  Middle  West  in  a  few  hours,  whereas  the  scenic  glories 
of  the  West  requires  several  days  in  which  to  reach  them. 

To  reach  this  favored  section  the  traveler  from  the  East  should  take  one 
of  the  through  trains  of  the  Southern  Railway,  through  Washington, 
Lynchburg,  and  Salisbury,  N.  C.  Close  connection  is  made  at  Salisbury 
with  the  main  line  trains  to  and  from  the  East,  and  elegant  Pullman  draw- 
ing room  sleeping  cars  afford  superb  service,  so  that  passengers  from  New 
York  can  take  the  through  Pullman  sleeping  car  at  that  point  in  the 
evening,  and  the  following  day  at  noon  reach  Asheville  or  Hot  Springs  in 
perfect  comfort  and  without  change  of  cars. 

From  Florida  and  the  South  the  through  trains  of  the  Southern  Railway 
take  the  traveler  through  Columbia  and  Spartanburg,  affording  elegant 
Pullman  car  service. 

From  the  North  and  West  the  most  direct  route  is  through  Cincinnati, 
or  through  Chattanooga  and  Knoxville. 

So  it  matters  not  from  what  direction  you  may  be  coming,  passengers 
will  find  the  Southern  Railway  prepared  to  afford  the  very  best  schedule 
and  through  car  service. 

"The  Land  of  the  Sky"  is  about  equal  to  Switzerland  in  area,  and  greatly 
resembles  it  in  its  majestic  natural  beauty  and  sublimity.  The  greater  pro- 
fusion of  vegetation  here,  however,  gives  a  softness  of  effect  to  its  mar- 
velous landscapes  that  mark  the  principal  difference  between  this  country 
and  that  of  the  European  Alps. 

The  charm  of  this  land  is  real  and  apparent ;  its  delights  are  an  actuality. 

Perhaps  the  most  notable  and  complete  surrender  to  the  fascination  of  its 

al  charms  is  its  choice  by  George  Vanderbilt,  Esq.,  as  a  site  for  his 

liltmore."  within  two  miles  of  the  city  of  Asheville,  and  nearly  the 

t  center  of  this  scenic  wonderland.    Mr.  Vanderbilt's  residence— which 

said  to  have  cost  more  than  $.3,000,000— occupies  the  most  commanding 


The  Land  of  the  Sky. 

site  in  this  splendid  domain,  and  is  considered  the  masterpiece  of  its  de- 
signer, the  late  Richard  M.  Hunt,  America's  most  famous  architect. 

Asheville,  that  Mecca  of  health-seekers,  the  spot  best  known  among  the 
resorts  of  this  splendid  region,  stands  higher  above  the  sea  level  (2,288 
feet)  than  any  other  city  in  America  east  of  the  Rockies.  The  visitor  will 


THE    LAND    OF    THE    SKY    IS    FILLED    WITH    SCENIC    SURPRISES. 


find  Asheville  a  progressive,  modern  city.  Its  streets  are  well  paved  and 
lighted,  and  trolley  lines  run  to  all  the  suburbs.  The  city  has  an  opera 
house,  clubs,  an  art  gallery,  a  public  library,  a  handsome  new  auditorium, 
and  hotels  which  enjoy  widespread  and  well  deserved  repute  for  their 
excellence.  The  largest  hotels,  the  Battery  Park  and  the  Kenilworth 
Inn,  are  each  beautifully  located,  the  former  in  a  handsome  private  park 
in  the  very  center  of  the  city.  Kenilworth  Inn  is  located  about  two  miles 
from  the  city  proper,  at  Biltmore,  where  is  also  situated  Mr.  George  W. 
Vanderbilt's  magnificent  residential  property,  the  finest  estate  in  America. 


The  Land  of  the  Sky. 

The  Albcmarle  Manor,  built  after  the  fashion  of  a  quaint  English  inn,  is 
also  a  very  excellent  hotel,  as  is  also  the  Victoria  Inn.  There  are  quite 
a  number  of  hotels  of  less  importance  which  afford  excellent  accommo- 
dations at  moderate  prices. 

Stretching  from  Asheville  on  the  northwest  for  thirty-four  miles  is  the 
lovely  French  Broad  River,  along  which  the  Southern  Railway  winds. 
The  foaming  stream  here  darts  out  and  in  between  rocky  cliffs  now  gleam- 
ing in  a  broad  patch  of  sunlight,  now  leaping  along  in  the  shadow  of  great 
boulders,  ever  fascinating  in  its  wild  and  unrestrained  beauty — a  water 
sprite  on  a  madcap  chase. 

High  among  these  mountains,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  are  the  Hot  Springs  of 
North  Carolina,  which  yearly  offer  relief  to  hundreds  in  search  of  health 
and  strength.  But  the  crowning  glory  of  the  place  is  its  hot  waters,  which 
are  thrown  up  from  the  earth  in  a  number  of  springs,  the  temperature  of 
which  ranges  from  96  to  1 10  degrees. 

The  curative  properties  of  the  water  of  these  springs  is  shown  in  the 
marked  remedial  effect  in  diseases  of  the  liver  and  kidneys,  in  rheumatism, 
gout  and  sciatica.  Persons  suffering  from  dyspepsia,  insomnia,  or  nervous 
troubles  also  find  great  relief. 

The  Mountain  Park  Hotel,  superbly  located  here  in  a  private  park,  is 
unexcelled,  either  in  its  appointments  or  its  management,  by  any  hotel  in 
the  South. 

Another  highly  favored  region  is  on  the  branch  of  the  Southern  Rail- 
way leading  from  Asheville  to  Spartanburg,  S.  C,  including  Tryon,  Saluda, 
Hendersonville,  Flat  Rock,  and  the  beautiful  Sapphire  country. 

The  Sapphire  country  is  a  region  full  of  delightful  surprises  to  the 
tourist,  sportsman  and  health-seeker.  No  other  section  contains  more 
clear,  cold  and  wonderfully  picturesque  streams,  so  many  grand  water- 
falls, such  wide-sweeping  mountain  views,  such  beautiful  lakes  and 
verdure-clad  valleys. 

Lakes  Fairfield,  Sapphire,  and  Toxaway,  in  the  heart  of  the  North  Caro- 
lina mountains,  are  duplicates  of  the  most  beautiful  gems  of  the  Adiron- 
dacks.  Nowhere  else  in  the  South,  at  this  altitude,  are  there  such  waters  of 
wonderful  beauty  and  greatly  varied  characters.  There  are  towering  cliffs 
rising  abruptly  for  a  thousand  feet  from  their  shores,  and  cascades  of  rare 
clearness  falling  directly  into  the  lakes  from  the  lofty  tableland  surround- 
ing. Indeed,  it  is  the  general  verdict  of  widely  traveled  people  that,  in 
respect  to  the  remarkable  combination  and  varied  and  attractive  character 
of  lake  and  mountain  scenery,  this  section  is  unrivaled  by  any  in  the  world. 
Excellently  kept  hotels  are  open  the  year  around,  affording  ample  accom- 
modations to  the  tourists. 

To  those  who  have  been  spending  a  time  under  the  bright  and  languid 
skies  of  Florida,  and  who  do  not  wish  to  risk  the  sudden  transition  from 
summer  to  winter,  which  threatens  all  who  return  North,  until  spring  has 
fairly  set  in,  the  beautiful  mountain  region  of  western  North  Carolina 
holds  out  alluring  attractions,  because  of  its  superb  and  unsurpassed 
natural  scenery,  and  its  excellent  climate,  free  from  extremes  of  heat  and 
cold. 


A   GREAT   COUNTRY; 

r^  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY 

Nearly  8,000  Miles  of  Railway,  through  Principal  Southern  States. 

"Daily  between  Washington,  and  principal  Cities  and  Resorts  South. 


Three  Trains  between  the  East,  Florida,  and  Southern  Winter  "Resorts. 

"THE  SOUTHERN'S   PALM  LIMITED" 

(OPERATED   DURING   WINTER   SEASON,    DAILY  EXCEPT  SUNDAY. ) 

"THE   NEW   YORK   AND   FLORIDA   EXPRESS" 
"THE  WASHINGTON  AND  FLORIDA  LIMITED" 


THROUGH  SLEEPING  CARS  between  New  York,  Washington,  Columbia,  Savannah,  Jacksonville, 
St.  Augustine,  Aiktn  and  Augusta. 


Club  Cars. 
and     ^/"o  uthtvest . 


Elegant  Dining  and  Observation  Cars. 
To     the     Cities     of     the     ~Touth 

"The  Washington  and  Southwestern  Limited" 

"The  United  States  Fast  Mail" 

"The  New  York  and  Memphis  Limited" 

"The  Washington  and  Chattanooga  Limited  via  Lynchburg" 

"The  New  York  and  Atlanta  Express" 

Through  Pullman  Sleeping  Cars  between  New  York,  Washington,  and  principal  points  South,  in- 
jluding  Atlanta,  Montgomery,  Mobile,  New  Orleans,  Asheville,  N.  C.,  "The  Land  of  the  Sky,"  Hot 
Springs,  N.  C.,  Pinehurst,  N.  C.,  Knoxville,  Chattanooga,  Memphis,  Birmingham,  Nashville,  and 
Columbus,  Ga. 

Southern  Railway  Dialog  Car  Service  Is  of  the  highest  standard  of  excellence. 

Elegant  service,  between  the  East  and  California,  via  Southern  Railway  and  "The  Sunset  Route." 

For  descriptive  literature  of  the  resorts  located  on  or  reached  by  Southern 
Railway,  and  for  maps,  time  tables,  etc.,  apply  to  the  undersigned  : 

A.  S.  THWBATT,  Eastern  Passenger  Agent,  L.  S.  BROWN,  General  Agent, 

1185  Broadway,  New  York  City.  705  Fifteenth  Street.  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

C.  L.  HOPKINS,  District  Passenger  Agent,  823  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
W.  H.  TAYLOE,  Asst.  Gen'l Pass.  Agent,  BROOKS  MORGAN,  Asst.  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent, 

Atlanta,  Ga.  Washington,  D.   C. 

W.  A.  TURK,  Passenger  Traffic  Manager,  S.  H.  HARDW1CK,  General  Passenger  Agent, 

Washington,   D.   C.  Washington,  D.   C. 

ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


DRIVES   AROUND   ASHEVILLE. 

THE  RESORT  LINE  of  the  SOUTH 

More   Delightful   Summer   Resorts   located   on  and  reached  via 

SOUTHERN  RAILWAY 

Than     by      any     other      .Southern      Line. 

ASHEVILLE.  N.  C,     HOT  SPRINGS.  N.  C.. 
"THE  LAND  of  the  SKY."  and  BEAUTIFUL  SAPPHIRE  COUNTRY. 

Offer  many  inducements  as  all  the  year  round  resorts.  Excellently 
kept  hotels.  Through  Sleeping  Car  daily,  between  New  York, 
Washington,  Asheville  and  Hot  Springs,  N.  C.  Scenery  the 
most  beautiful  In  America.  Visit  North  Carolina  at  any 
Season,  and  you  will  not  be  disappointed.  ::  ::  ::  ::  :: 

ManV  OtKer  Resorts  'n  l^e  ^tates  °*  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia  and 
*  Tennessee,  offer  inducements  to  Tourists.     Whether  one  desires  the 

mountains  or  seashore,  the  quiet  and  well  kept  boarding  house,  or  the  fashionable  hotel ;  all  can  be  accom- 
modated by  the  great  number  of  resorts  on  the  Southern  Railway,  from  which  selection  can  be  made. 

Through  Pullman  Sleeping  Carj  bettaeen  Principal  "RejorU. 
Club  and  Observation  Carj.  Train  Service  of  Ihe  Highest  CtajJ. 
Southern  "Railway  "Dining  Car  Service  a  feature.  V  V 

Write  for  Summer  Resort  literature,  and  other  descriptive  matter. 

A.  S.  THWEATT,  Eastern  Passenger  Agent, 

1185  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

C.  L.  HOPKINS,  District  Passenger  Agent, 

K>s  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


C.  A.  BENSC9TER,  Asst.  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent. 

Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

G.  B.  ALLEN,  Asst.  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent, 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 


L.  S.  BROWN,  General  Agent, 
705  15th  Street,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
J.  H.  WOOD,    District  Passenger  Agent, 

Asheville,  N.  C. 
VI.  H.  TAYLOE,  Asst.  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent, 

Atlanta,  Ga. 

BROOKS  MORGAN,  Asst.  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent, 
Washington,  D.  C. 


W.  A.  TURK,  Passenger  Traffic  Manager, 
Washington,  D.  C. 


S.  H.  HARDWICK,  General  Passenger  Agent, 

Washington,  D.   C. 
ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


Three  'Daily  Trains 

"Between       the      East        and       S'oafh 

FLORIDA  and  the  RESORTS  SOUTH  best  reached 

SOUTHERN  RAILWAY 

This  System  with   its  connections  forms  the  great  trunk  line, 
operating  high-class    vestibuled    trains,  between      ^      ^      "^ 

New  York  and  Florida.,  and  Points  South, 

affording  not  only  the  most  perfect  service,  in  the  way  of  Pullman  Draw- 
ing  Room    Sleeping   Cars,    Observation   Cars,    Dining   Cars  and   Day 
Coaches,   but   quick  and   most  satisfactory   time  between  all  points. 

"THE  SOUTHERN'S  PALM  LIMITED" 

One  of  the  most  superb  a.rvd  elegantly  equipped  trains  ii\  the  world,  leaves  New  York,  via 
Perm.  R.  R.,  daily,  except  Sunday  at  12:10  P.  M.,  leaves  Washington,  via  Southern  Railway,  6:31  P.  M., 
arriving  Jacksonville  2:20  P.  M.,  and  St.  Augustine  3:30  P.  M.,  following  day. 

Returning,  this  train  leaves  St.  Augustine,  via  Florida  East  Coast  Railway,  11:10  A.  M.,  daily  except 
Sunday,  leaves  Jacksonville,  Southern  Railway,  12:20  P.  M.,  arrives  Washington  10:15  A.  M..  and  New 
York  4:13  P.  M.,  following  day. 

This  train  is  composed  of  Pullman  Compartment,  Observation  and  Drawing  Room  Sleeping  Cars 
between  New  York  and  St.  Augustine  ;  also  Pullman  Drawing  Room  Sleeping  Car  between  New  York, 
Aiken  and  Augusta.  "Dining  Car  Sertjice  and  Club  Carj.  (This  train  in  operation  during  the 
Winter  season.) 

"THE  NEW  YORK  AND   FLORIDA  EXPRESS" 

Leaves  New  York,  via  Penn.  R.  R.,  daily  at  3:25  P.  M.,  leaves  Washington,  via  Southern  Railway,  9:50 
P.  M.,  arriving  Jacksonville  7:40  P.  M.  following  day,  making  direct  connection  for  Tampa,  Miami  and 
Cuba  ;  returning,  leaves  Jacksonville,  via  Southern  Railway,  8:50  A.  M.,  arriving  Washington  9:45  A.  M., 
nd  New  York  4:13  P.  M.,  following  day. 

This  train  is  composed  of  elegant  Pullman  Drawing  Room  Sleeping  Cars  between  New  York  and 
Jacksonville,  and  day  coaches  between  Washington  and  Jacksonville.  Dining  Car  serves  meals  en  route. 
Also  Pullman  Drawing  Room  Sleeping  Cars  between  New  York,  Columbia  and  Augusta. 

"THE  WASHINGTON  AND  FLORIDA  LIMITED" 

Leaves  New  York,  via  Penn.  R.  R.,  at  12:10  n't.:  leaves  Washington,  via  Southern  Railway,  10:51  A.  M.. 
arriving  Jacksonville  9:25  A.  M.,  following  day.  Returning,  leaves  Jacksonville,  via  Southern  Railway, 
7:55  P.  M.,  arriving  Washington  9:50  P.  M.  following  evening,  and  New  York,  5:43  A.  M. 

This  train  is  composed  of  elegant  Pullman  Drawing  Room  Sleeping  Cars  between  New  York  and 
Jacksonville,  and  day  coaches  between  Washington  and  Jacksonville.  Dining  Car  Service. 

Close  connection  at  Jacksonville  to  and  from  the  noted  resorts  on 
the  East  Coast  and  West  Coast  of  Florida.  Connection  also  at 
Miami  and  Tampa  for  Key  West,  Havana  and  Nassau.  ^  ^ 


C 


QUICKEST    ROVTE    BETWEEN    NEW    YORK   AND   HAVANA. 

For  Folders  and   Detailed   Information,   apply  to 

A.  S.  THWEATT,  Eastern  Passenper  Agent,  L.  S.  BROWN.  General  Agent, 

1185  Broadway,  New  York  City.  705  Fifteenth  Street,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

W.  H.  TAYLOE,  A.  G.  P.  A.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

C.  H.  ACKERT,  General  Manager,  W.  A.  TURK,  P.  T.  M., 

Washington,  D.  C.  Washington,  D.  C. 

S.  H.  HARDWICK,  G.  P.  A.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Schedule    in    effect   January   lOth,    I9O4. 

ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


POTOMAC 

J 


NEW  AND   POPULAR   ROUTE   BETWEEN 


Washington,  D.  C.,  Old   Point  Comfort,  Nor= 
folk,  Virginia  Beach  and  the  South. 

The  new  and  magnificent  Steel  Palace  Steamers  of  this  line,  the  steamers  "  Newport  News,"  "  Norfolk" 
and  ''  Washington,"  most  luxuriously  fitted  throughput,  having  Steam  Heat  in  staterooms,  Electric  Lights 
and  Call  Bells  in  each  room,  leave  Norfolk  and  Washington  daily  on  the  following  schedule : 


NORTHBOUND. 

Leave  PORTSMOUTH 5.00?.  M. 

NORFOLK  ..  8.00  " 

"  FORTRESS  MONROE...  7.00  " 
Arrire  ALEXANDRIA  ..  ..  6  30  A.M. 

WASHINGTON 7.00    " 


SOUTHBOUND. 

Leave  WASHINGTON  .. 

"        ALEXANDRIA 
Arrive  FORTRESS  MONROE. 
NORFOLK 


6.30  P  M. 
7.00    " 

7.ooA.M 
8.00    " 


PORTSMOUTH 8.15 


Close  connection  made  with  all  rail  lines  at  Norfolk,  Fortress  Monroe  and  Washington,  D.  C.,  for  all 
points  Nor.h,  South,  East  and  West. 

Passengers  going  or  returning  to  Wilmington,  Raleigh.  Charlotte,  Charleston,  Savannah,  Atlanta,  Jack- 
sonville and  principal  Southern  cities,  are  given  an  opportunity  by  this  route  to  stop  over  at  the  National 
Capital,  Fortress  Monroe  or  Virginia  Beach. 

By  taking  this  route  the  passenger  is  afforded  a  pleasant  ride  on  the  Potomac  River  and  Chesapeake  Bay, 
thus  breaking  the  monotony  of  an  all-rail  ride. 

The  excellence  o_f  the  meals  furnished  on  these  magnificent  steamers  has  been  a  great  factor  in  their 
popularity.  The  dining-room  service  is  a  la  carte,  meals  being  served  at  hours  convenient  to  the  passcngen. 

Afk  for  tickets  via  the  new  Norfolk  and  Washington  line  of  steamers. 


D.  J.  CALLAHAN. 

Awt.  Gen'l  Manager,  Norfolk,  Va. 


JNO.  CALLAHAN. 

8d  Vice-Pres.  and  Gen'l  Manager,  Washington,  D.  C 


ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1338  Penn.  Av< 


ALL-WATER  ROUTE 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


NEW  YORK 


WITH   OPPORTUNITY  TO  VISIT 

OLD    POINT   COMFORT 

(FORT   MONROE) 

via  the  Superb  Steamers  of  the 

Norfolk  and  Washington  (D.  C.)  Steamboat  Co. 

AND   THE 

Old    Dominion    Line 

STEAMERS   LEAVE   FOOT   OF   SEVENTH   ST., 
WASHINGTON,   D.   C.,   DAILY. 

Passengers  from  Washington  will  make  connections  with  Old 
Dominion  ships  at  Norfolk,  daily  except  Sunday,  sailing  at  7  p.m., 
and  leaving  Old  Point  Comfort  (by  annex  steamer)  on  sailing  days. 

Tickets,  staterooms  and  full  information  can  be  obtained  at 
the  General  Ticket  Office  of  Norfolk  and  Washington  Steam- 
boat Co.,  Bond  Building,  I4th  Street  and  New  York  Avenue,  and 
at  Company's  Offices,  7th  Street  Wharf;  also  at  the  C.  &  O.  Ry. 
Co.'s  Office,  513  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  Washington,  D.  C.  .*.•. 

H.     B.    WALKER., 

Vice-President  a.nd  Traffic  Ma.na.£er  Old  Dominion  S.  S.  Co. 
NEW     YORK. 

JOHN     CALLAHAN. 

2d  Vice-President  and  General  Manager  Norfolk  and  Washington  S.  B.  Co. 
WASHINGTON.    D.    C. 


ASK  MR,   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  lUireau,  1333  Penn.  Ave, 


FLORIDA 
CUBA 
SOUTH 


RECALLS 


ATLANTIC 
COAST  LINE'S 

FAMOUS   TRAINS 

"NEW  YORK  and   FLORIDA   SPECIAL" 
"FLORIDA  and  WEST  INDIAN  LIMITED" 


NEW  YORK,       -        -        .        .        H61   Broadway 
EASTERN  BOSTON,        -        -        -       298  Washington  Street 

PHILADELPHIA,     -  31   South  Third  Street 

BALTIMORE,  -      107  East  German  Street 

WASHINGTON,        -      601   Pennsylvania  Avenue 


ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Av 


THE  STRAIGHT 
e     ^AY 

SOUTH 


THE 
SEABOARD 

Runs  through  the  heart  of  the  old  South  and  reaches  the  principal 
Cities  of  the  most  famous  Winter  Resorts  of  the  Southern  States, 

R.aleigh,  Southern  Pines.  Pinehurst,  Camden,  Colum- 
bia, Savannah,  Brunswick,  and  all  of  Florida. 

THE  SEABOARD  FLORIDA  LIMITED  is  a  solid  Pullman  train, 
which  leaves  New  York  at  a  convenient  hour  and  runs  to 
St.  Augustine  without  change. 

Pamphlet  giving  detailed  information  of  all  Florida  hotels  and 
a  guide  to  Hunting  and  Fishing  in  the  South  can  be  secured  by 
application  to  ticket  agents  of  Seaboard  Air  Line  Railway  or  of 
connecting  lines. 

C.  B.  R.YAN.  General  Pass.  Agent,  PORTSMOUTH,  V  A 


ASK  MR.   FOSTER   for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Perm.  Avc. 


merchants  and  miners 
transportation  &. 

STEAMSHIP  LINES 


BETWEEN 

Baltimore  and  Savannah, 
Baltimore,  Norfolk  and  Boston, 
Philadelphia  and  Savannah, 
Providence,  Norfolk  and  Baltimore, 
Baltimore,  Newport  News  and  Norfolk. 


Accommodations  and  cuisine  unsurpassed.  Through  tickets  on  sale 
and  baggage  cnecked  to  all  points.  Ask  your  nearest  ticket  agent 
or  address  the  Passenger  Department  for  illustrated  folder  and 
further  information. 

J.  C.  WHITNEY,         A.  D.  STEBBINS,          W.  P.  TURNER, 

2d  Vice-Pres.  <ft  Traffic  Mgr.  General  Manager.  General  Pass.  Agent, 

GENERAL  OFFICES,  BALTIMORE,  MD. 

H.  C  AVERY,  Agent,  208  West   Bay   Street,   Jacksonville,  Fla. 
ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Perm.  Ave. 


California. 

"THE  land  of  sunshine  and  flowers  is  most  pleasantly 
reached  via  the  S'anta  Fe.    The  journey  is 
through  the  Southwest  "  Land  of  Enchantment  "  over 
the  old  Santa  Fe  Trail. 

You  see  petrified  forests,  Pueblo  Indians,  picturesque 
old   Mexican   towns,    the   Grand    Canyon    of 
Arizona. 

In  California  are  giant  red  woods,  Spanish  missions, 
lovely  Yosemite  Valley — fruit,  flowers,  fishing,  hunt- 
ing, mountain-climbing,  golf,  bathing — attractions 
innumerable. 

Why  go  to  Europe  when  our  own  country  affords  such 
a  wealth  of  sights  and  scenes  as  this? 

We  heartily   recommend   California   as   an   all-year- 
round  resort.     We  just  as   heartily  recommend  the 
Santa  Fe  as  the  way  to  go. 
Here  are  a  few  reasons  for  preferring  this  route: 

First:  One  train,  track  and  management  from 
Chicago  to  Los  Angeles  and  Frisco. 

Second:  Track  rock-ballasted  and  laid  with  heavy 
steel  rails.  It  is  constantly  patrolled. 

&hird:    Only  line  to  Grand  Canyon  of  Arizona. 

Fourth:  Harvey  dining-car  and  dining-room  ser- 
vice— best  in  the  world. 

Fifth:  The  California  Limited  is  a  solid  Pullman 
train  and  runs  daily  throughout  the  winter 
season.  Less  than  three  days  on 

this  train,  Chicago  to  California. 

For  further  information  and  illustrated  descriptive  literature,  send  10 
cents  postage  to 

G.  C.  DILLARD,  General  Eastern  Pass.  Agent 

377    BROADWAY,  NEW   YOR.K 

Saivta  Fe  All  the  Way 


ASK  MR.  FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


CHESAPEAKE  AND  OHIO  ROUTE. 

An  Up-to-Date  Railway,  following  an  Historic  Trail 

FROM  THE  POTOMAC  AND  THE  CHESAPEAKE  TO  THE  OHIO 

Through  tKe  Grandest  Scenery  in  the  Eastern  States 


HIGH-CLASS    SERVICE    BETWEEN 

New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Washington,  Norfolk,  Old  Point,  Newport  News, 
Richmond,  Virginia  Hot  Springs  and  Other  Mountain  Resorts,  Cincinnati, 

Louisvi.le,    St    Louis,    Chicago,   West    and    Southwest. 
SCENIC    ROUTE    TO    LOUISIANA    PURCHASE    EXPOSITION 


VIRGINIA  HOT  SPRINGS 


2,500  FEET  ELEVATION.  OPEN 
ALL  THE  YEAR.  The  Climate, 
Waters,  Baths,  Hotels  and  Scenery 
Have  No  Equal  in  America  j. 
Rheumatism,  grout,  obesity  and  nervous  troubles  cured.  New  Golf  Club  House,  with  Squash  Court, 
Lounging  Rooms,  Cafe,  Ping-Pong,  etc.  Fine  Golf  Course,  Tennis  Courts,  Pleasure  Pool,  excellent 
livery,  and  all  outdoor  pastimes. 


THE 


HOMESTEA-D 


Unouestionably  the  finest  all-year-round  resort  hotel  in  America.    Modern  in  the  strictest  sense,  conducted 
r^  r  u  "          \ -lines,  and  patronized  by  the  highest  class.    Brokers'  office,  with  direct  New  York  wire. 
Of*  Chesapeake  a.nd  Ohio  Ka.il  wa^y  has  direct  connection  for  Virginia  Hot  Springs  from  the  prin- 
cities  of  the  Union.    Compartment  car  from  New  York  without  change 

ickets  and  .Pullman  reservations  at  C.   &  O.  offices,  362  and  1354  Broadway,  New  York, 
d  offices  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  and  connecting  lines  throughout  the  country. 

ookings,  and  specific  information  on  application  to  FRED.  STARRY,  Manager,  Hot  Springs, 
va.    *  or  pampnieu  and  general  information  as  to  route,    rates  and  service,  address 

H.  W.  FULLER,  G.  P.  A^,  Washington,  D.  C. 
ASK  MR.  FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


HAWAII 

SAMOA 

TAHITI 

NEW  ZEALAND 

AUSTRALIA 


OCEANIC  STEAMSHIP  Co. 

AMERICAN    AND  AUSTRALIAN    LINE 


Travelers  should  experience  the  delights  of  the  wonderful  tropic  Islands  of  Hawaii,  Samoa,  Tahiti 
and  New  Zealand.     A  trip  to  these  lands  can  be  easily  accomplished  by  the  fine  steamers  of  the 

OCEANIC  STEAMSHIP  COMPANY 

Sailing  from  Sa.iv  Francisco  Every  Ten  Days 

Interesting  tour  from  San  Francisco  to  New  Zealand  and  return,  going  via  Hawaii  and  Samoa, 
and  returning  via  Tahiti,  or  vice  versa,  for  the  moderate  sum  of  $300. 

SAN  FRANCISCO   TO   HAWAII   AND    RETURN.  $135. 
TO    TAHITI    AND    R.ETVRJS,    $150. 


HAWAII,  or  "The  Island  Paradise"  has  perpetual  spring,  with  birds  and  sunshine  all  the  year, 
and  an  active  volcano,  the  largest  in  the  world,  so  easy  of  access  that  the  ladies  can  go  to  the  very  edge  of 
the  liquid  lava  lakes. 

SAMOA.  "The  land  where  it  is  always  afternoon."— And  the  people  are  like  their  country, 
hospitable,  sunny,  generous  (taking  no  thought  for  the  morrow,  because  they  have  few  causes  for  care), 
kindly  and  affectionate,  winning  their  place  in  the  heart  of  every  visitor  to  their  beloved  Samoa. 

TAHITI,  Island  of  Love.— "Isle  d'Amat"  the  old  buccaneers  called  these  sun-kissed  shores,  and 
to  those  who  have  been  there  the  name  rings  singularly  true— Tahiti  of  the  South  Seas— The  Island  of  Love  ! 

NEW  ZEALAND.  "The  Switzerland   of  the   Southern    Hemisphere.'*— Valleys  that 


wonder  and  admiration. 


nd  high  waterfalls  ail  seem  combined  here  to  deaght  the  eye  and  excite  our 


"Ask  Mr.  Foster'1 

to  tell  you  about  it  and  for  illustrated  folder, 
booklet,  etc.     Or  address 

E.   F.   BURNETT.  G.  E.  A.. 

427  Broadway,  New  York. 

J.  D.  SPRECKELS  &  BROS.  CO., 

643  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 

ASK  MR.  FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


"4 

• 
» 

/ 


"V 

I 


I! 


, 


HAMBURG-AMERICAN 
CRUISE  BULLETIN* 

Each  succeeding  Season  these  Cruises  are  comin*  more 
and  more  into  favor  with  the  American  Traveling  Public 

FOUR-SELECT'WINTER-CRIJISES 

Three  Delightful  Cruises  to  the, 
WEST  INDIES  and  the,  SPANISH  MAIN 

By  the  twin-screw  cruising  steamer  "  PRINZESSIN  VICTORIA  LUISE" 
(CAPTAIN  RUSER). 

I.   CRUISE  from  NEW  YORK  January  9th      To  the  WEST  INDIES  and 

NASSAU.    Duration,  25  days     Rates  $150  and  upward. 
II.   CRUISE  from  NEW  YORK  February  6th.  TotheWESTINDIES,VEN- 
EZUELA  and  NASSAU.  Duration  28days   Rates,  $225  and  upward. 
III.   CRUISE  from  NEW  YORK  March  8th     To  NASSAU,  the  WEST  IN- 
DIES and  BERMUDA.  Duration  25days.  Rates, $150 and  upward. 

and  a  GRAND  CRUISE  to  MADEIRA 
(^MEDITERRANEAN  &  thi  ORIENT 

By  the  well-known  twin-screw  steamship  "AUGUSTE  VICTORIA" 
(CAPTAIN  C.  KAEMPFF). 

Leaving  NEW  YORK  February  2d,  and  returning  about  April  15th. 
Duration,  74  days.  20  Ports  of  Call.  Rates,  $450  and  upward. 

During  June,  July  and  August  GRAND  ANNUAL  CRUISES  to  NORWAY, 
the  NORTH  CAPE  and  SPITZBERGEN— the  LAND  of  the  MID- 
NIGHT SUN  ;  also,  to  the  BALTIC  SEA,  including  visits  to  RUSSIA, 
DENMARK,  SWEDEN,  NORWAY  and  GERMANY. 

AROUND  THE  WORtJJj 

Two  Grand  Cruises  by  the  S.  S.  "  PRINZESSIN  VICTORIA  LUISE." 
I.    From  NewYorkaboutSept.15th.1904;  in  San  Francisco,  Jan.  18th,  1905. 
II.    From  San  Francisco,  Jan.  24th,  1905;  in  New  Yorkabout  May  25th,  1905. 
Cost  $1,500  and  upward,  including  side  trip  expenses  and  railroad 
across  the  United  States. 

Regular  Sailings  to  EWROPE 

By    Splendid    Twin-Screw    Steamers. 

Weekly  Sailings  to  JAMAICA  by  the, 
Steamers  o/TheATlAS  LINE  Service 

Special  Pamphlets,  containing  full  descriptions  of  the  above  trips,  will 
be  sent  upon  application  to  the 

HAMBURG-AMERICAN     LINE 


37  Broadway.  New  York 
1229  Walnut  St..  Phila. 


159  Randolph  St.,  Chicago 
901  Olive  St.    St.  Louis 


ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau.  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


J*t 


r 


Jamaica,   the  most  beautiful   of  the   Caribbean 
Islands,   is  but  five  days    from    Boston  and   four  from 
Philadelphia.       Its    winter    climate    is    delightfully    mild    and 
agreeable.     The  vegetation  is  of  rare  luxuriance  and  gorgeous  coloring. 
The  scenery  among  the  Blue  Mountains  is  grand  in  the  extreme.     The  hotels 
are  excellent,  the  roads  perfection,  and  the  sea  bathing  in  winter  a  luxury 
;       unknown  elsewhere. 

Can  You  Imagine  a  More  Delightful  Spot  for  a  Winter  Sojourn? 


THE  UNITED  FRUIT  COMPANY'S 

Steel,  Twin-Screw,  U.  S.  Mail  Steamships, 
ADMIRAL  DEWEY  ADMIRAL  SCHLEY 

ADMIRAL  SAMPSON  ADMIRAL  FARRAGUT 

make  weekly  sailings  between  Boston,  Philadelphia  and  Jamaica,  affording  a  pleasant  coastwise 
passage  through  tropic  seas  and  genial  temperatures. 

Fare,  including  meals  and  stateroom  accommodations,  £4-O ;  round  trip,  £75. 

Send  for  illustrated  booklet  fully  describing  Jamaica,  its  scenery,  people,  and  interesting 
inland  tours.  Free  on  request. 

For  information  and  booklets  address    "Division    Tajjenger  Agent 

UNITED    FRUIT    COMPANY 


Long  Wharf,  Boston,  Mass. 

RAYMOND  <a  WHITCOMB  CO. 
THOMAS  COOK  ®.  SON, 


Pier  5,  North  Wharves.  Philadelphia.  Pa. 
and 


I    Tourist 
'    Agents 


Leading  Ticket  Offices 
in     all     Large     Cities 


ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


CUBA 

A  NEW  WINTER   RESORT    FOR  AMERICAN  TOURISTS 
'Daily  Increasing   in    "Popularity 


??/Jyto  Matanzas,  Yumuri  Valley  and  Bellamar  Caves 

EVERYTHING  PRE-ARRANGED  BY  THE 

UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 

Cost    $11.00    American  Currency;    Children  under  12.    $7.50 

THIS  INCLUDES: — 

Return  First-Class  Fare  by  Railway— Lunch  at  the  Hotel  "Paris" — Carriage  (or  Volanta) 
Drive  to  the  YUMUM  VALLEY  auid  BELLAMAR  CAVES— Admission  to  the  C^ves. 


THE  HAVANA-SANTIAGO  DE  CUBA  THROUGH  TRAIN 

Passenger  train  service  has  been  recently  established,  connecting  Havana  with  the 

modart  f  !  " Tn  °f  thC  IsUnd'  and  furnishi"e  a  q™k  Mail  and  Express  accom- 

Ofore  unknown.    This  train  leaves  Villanueva  Station  (Havana)  every  day  at  9  p.  m 

£tf£/£££        °Wmg  day  "  10  P"  m'     A  &h°UrS>  J°Urney  with  *****  da>-  Coaches,  observal 

randPunman  sleeper     First  class  fare  Havana  to  Santiago,  $34.06,  sleeper  berth,  $U  U.  S. 

«cy.    Dmner  and  Breakfast  may  be  had  en  route,  at  Ciego  de  Avila  and  Las  Tunas,  respectively. 

For  Further  Information     UNITED  RAILWAYS  OF  HAVANA 
TRAFFIC  DEPAILTMENT.  VILLANUEVA  STATION  (Oppo.ite  Colon  Park).  HAVANA,  CUBA 

C  MR.  FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


GOVERNMENT   ROAD,    SANTIAGO,    WITH    BAMBOOS. 


THE  CUBA  RAILROAD. 

THIS  new  line,  completing  the  railroad  connection  between  Havana  and  Santiago,  is  of  standard  gauge 
and  similar  in  its  construction  and  equipment  to  the  better  class  of  northern  lines.  All  of  its  important 
bridges  are  of  steel  and  masonry  and  the  line  generally  is  rock-ballasted.  The  main  line  passes  along  the 
centre  of  the  eastern  and  wider  half  of  Cuba  and  opens  up  a  matchless  and  most  picturesque  agricultura' 
region  and  passes  through  the  tropical  forests  of  mahogany,  cedar,  lignum  vitas,  ebony  and  many  othe:- 
trees,  hung  with  vines  and  millions  of  orchids.  Palm  trees  of  magnificent  aspect  and  great  variety 
abound  everywhere.  The  famed  Parana  and  Guinea  grasses,  covering  most  of  the  open  districts  and 
standing  from  six  to  twelve  feet  high  and  green  the  year  round,  together  with  frequent  running  streams, 
make  this  an  ideal  cattle  country.  No  food  has  to  be  put  up  and  no  shelter  is  required.  The  rich  soils 
everywhere  are  adapted  to  sugar,  tobacco,  cotton,  corn  and  an  endless  variety  of  products.  The  swamps 
which  occur  at  places  along  the  coasts  of  Cuba  are  absent  from  the  interior,  which  is  high,  dry,  and 
exceptionally  healthy.  The  trade  winds  blow  across  Cuba  every  day,  and  bring  to  all  parts  fresh  sea  air; 
the  extreme  heat  of  northern  summers  is  consequently  unknown,  and  the  humidity  of  other  tropical 
countries  is  also  unknown. 


THE  TRUNK  LlMt  flAJLWAY  OF  CUBA.' 

ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


HOTEL  PASAJE 


The  Largest  Aristocratic  and   Commercial    Hotel   in  the   City. 
" Favorite  Headquarters  for  Tourists.  "•" -^-^ 

Cdble    Address;    Pa.sa.ie,     HaLva.net. 

URBANO  GONZALES  &  COMPANY,   Proprietors. 


ABOUT   TRAVEL 

THOSE  intending  to  travel  will  find  it  to  their  interest  to  communicate  with  Raymond  & 
Whitcomb  Co.,  whose  patrons  include  the  better  class  of  the  American  traveling  public. 
This  firm  maintains,  at  large  expense,  a  bureau  for  supplying  the  traveling  public  with 
information  about  resorts,  their  hotels  and  attractions,  the  best  routes  for  reaching  them,  the 
cost  of  railway  and  steamship  tickets  to  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  other  needful  information. 
Detailed  itineraries  of  contemplated  trips  will  be  prepared  on  request ;  these  will  give  the  train 
service,  the  names  of  hotels,  places  where  the  time  can  be  spent  to  the  best  advantage,  etc. ; 
in  brief,  such  information  as  is  needed  by  every  traveler. 

Special  vestibuled  trains  to  Mexico,  California  and  the  Pacific  Coast,  equipped  with 
dining,  library,  observation  and  sleeping  cars  with  private  rooms,  are  provided  exclusively  by 
this  firm,  and  are  intended  for  the  convenience  and  comfort  of  the  most  fastidious.  The  time 
schedules  are  arranged  to  include  the  interesting  scenery  by  daylight. 

Tours  to  Florida.  Mexico.  Cuba.  Porto  Rico,  Europe,  Japan.  Around 
the  World,  etc.  Railroad  and  Steamship  Tickets.  Private  Cars. 
Foreign  Money,  Letters  of  Credit.  Travelers'  Cheques.  5  S  9  S 

RAYMOND  &  WHITCOMB  COMPANY 

(Established  1879.) 

TOURS    AND    TICKETS    EVERYWHERE 


NEW  YORK:  25  Union  Square 
305  Washinpon  Street        PITTSBURG: 

1005  Chestnut  Street       CHICAGO:  -       -  

ASK  MR.  FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


BOSTON: 
PHILADELPHIA: 


357  Fifth  Avenue 
232  South  Clark  Street 


THE  GLEN   SPRINGS 


WATKINS    GLEN.    N.    Y. 


THE    AMERICAN    NAUHEIM 


A  Health  Resort  and  Hotel  of  the 
highest  class.  The  most  complete  and 
modern  bathing  establishment  in 
America.  All  Approved  Forms  of 
Hydrotherapy  and  Electricity,  in- 
cluding HOT  NEPTUNE  BRINE 
and  CARBONATED  NEPTUNE 
BRINE  BATHS  (the  Schott  treatment} 
as  given  at  the  celebrated  NAVHEIM 
BATHS.  VALUABLE  MINERAL 
SPRINGS.  Location  overlooks  thirty 
miles  of  Seneca  Lake.  Sixty  acres  of 
private  park.  Well-kept  and  attrac- 
tive Golf  Links.  Send  for  illustrated 
book.  Open  all  the  year.  *  *  * 


WM.  E.  LEFFINGWELL,  Pres. 
WATKINS.    N.    Y. 

ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


POLAND 


SPRING 


THE    POLAND   SPRING    HOUSE 

OPEN  FROM  JUNE  1st  UNTIL  OCTOBER  15th. 

The  most  popular  and  successful  resort  in  America,  and 
one  of  the  most  highly  praised  in  the  world. 
The  appointments,  service   and    cuisine   of   the    Poland 
Spring1  House  are  without  equal. 
The  climate,  altitude  (800  ft.)  and  location  are  ideal. 
Good  roads  and  a  superb  livery.     One  of  the  finest  Golf 
Link*  in  New  England,  covering  over  70  acres  of  care- 
fully groomed  lawn,  add  to  the  pleasures  of  guests. 


THE   MANSION    HOUSE,   at    Poland    Spring,   is 
open  throughout  the  year. 


PQI  ANT)  to  whose  world-famed  qualities  these  mag- 
W  ATFR  nificent  buildings  are  but  a  monument,  is 
*»  A  I  £*  Iv  tj,e  purest  amj  must  powerful  medicinal 
water  and  solvent  known.  It  is  sold  everywhere. 


A  "  Ricker  Hotel "  on  the  most  bea.utif ul  site  on 
MbJne's  Coa.st. 

SAM  OSET  r-  ^ 

Rockland  Breakwater 
MAINE 


In  two  seasons  this  elegantly  equipped  hotel  has  achieved  the  reputation  of  New  England's  most  charming 
and  successful  seashore  home.  5^.   Rlcker  Hotel  Company. 

any  information  address,  HIRAM  RICKER  <&  SONS  (Inc.).  Poland  Spring  So.  Poland.  Me. 

NEW  YORK,  3  PARK  PLACE.     BOSTON,  153  FRANKLIN  ST.      PHILADELPHIA,  1711  CHESTNLT  ST. 
ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


WHITE     MOUNTAINS 


THE  MOUNT  PLEASANT  AND  THE  PRIMEVAL  FOREST  ON  THE  SLOPE  OF  MT.  STICKNEY. 

NEW  YORK  TO  BRETTON  WOODS. 

Leave,  9:02  A.  M.;  Arrive,  7:30  P.  M.  Leave,  9  P.  M.;  Arrive,  8:40  A.  M.  Through  train  to  special 
station  on  the  grounds  of  The  Mount  Pleasant  and  The  Mount  Washington  at  Bretton  Wood?. 
Ten  Thousand  Acres  in  the  HEART  OF  THE  WHITE  MOUNTAINS.  V>  ^  V 


THE  COLONNADE  OF  THE    MOUNT  PLEASANT,  THE  MOUNT  WASHINGTON,  AND  THE  PRESIDENTIAL 
RANGE    BEYOND   THE   GOLF  COURSE. 

fare  Air,  Ture  Water.  Pure  "Delight. 

AT   BRETTON    WOODS. 

Every  comfort  and  luxury  in  the  hotels,  and  every  advantage  for  health  and  enjoyment  out-of-doors. 

ANDERSON  «.  PRICE,  Managers.  Bretton   Woods    N.   H. 

WINTER  HOTELS:    "The  Ormond,"  Florida,  NEW  YORK  HOTEL:    "Bretton  Hall," 

and  "The  Inn-at-Ormond-Beach."     -:-    -:-  85th  to  86th  Streets  and  Broadway. 

ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


Jackson  Health  Resort 


DANSVILLE.    NEW    YORK 


Has  been  known  for  twenty  years  as  The  Jackson  Sanatorium.  The  word  sanatorium,  which  is  appli- 
cable to  all  institutions  where  therapeutic  measures  are  employed  for  any  form  of  illness,  was  used  for  the 
first  time  in  the  United  States  by  Dr.  Jackson  to  designate  a  health  institution  when  he  built,  in  1883,  the 
first  fire-proof  structure  erected  in  this  country  for  that  purpose. 

The  general  adoption  at  the  present  time  of  the  name  Sanatorium  by  proprietors  of  institutions  for  the 
insane  or  mentally  unbalanced,  and  for  cases  of  drug  habit,  has  led  to  the  error  of  confounding  The 
Jackson  Sanatorium  with  such  establishments.  Some  persons  who  are  not  familiar  with  the  character 
of  this  Health  Institution  have  had  an  impression,  because  of  its  name— Sanatorium — that  people  afflicted 
with  mental  disorders  were  received  and  treated  by  its  physicians. 

As  the  Jackson  Sanatorium  is  not  a  place  where  insane  people  are  received  or  where  cases  of  drug  habit 
are  made  a  specialty,  its  name  has  been  changed  in  order  to  correct  such  misapprehension  on  the  part  of 
the  public. 

This  renowned  institution,  holding  to  the  distinctive  character  and  methods  which  for  forty-five  years 
have  made  its  work  so  successful  and  its  manner  of  life  so  helpful  and  attractive  to  health  and  rest 
seekers,  will  be  known  hereafter  as  The  Jackson  Health  Resort. 

Staff  of  Regularly  Educated  and  Experienced  Physicians,  elegant  Fire-proof  building — 
brick  and  iron;  all  Modern  Conveniences. 

Special  attention  to  the  scientific  administration  of  Water,  Electricity,  Massage,  Swedish 
Movement,  Rest  Cure  and  Dietaries  to  meet  the  needs  of  chronic  invalids. 


The   Schott  System    of    Naviheim    BatKs 
Exercises  for   Hea.rt   Disease 

Famous   Northern   Health   Resort 

On  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Ry.,  from  New  York  to  Buffalo  without  change. 

Send  for  illustrated  literature,  addressing  J.  ARTHUR  JACKSON.  M.D.,  Manager. 

ASK  MK    FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


Hotel  Champlain 

CLINTON  COUNTY,  N*  Y. 

EDWARD  L.  BROWN,        -        -        -       MANAGER. 


THE  HOTEL  CHAMPLAIN  is  on  Bluff  Point,  the 
most  commanding  promontory  on  Lake  Champlain. 
Its  grounds  consist  of  450  acres  of  beautiful  park  and  wood- 
land, roadways  and  lawns ;  seven  miles  of  forest,  cliff  and 
lakeside  walks,  and  the  finest  i8-hole  hotel  Golf  course  to  be 
found.  The  finest  fresh  water  bathing  in  the  North.  Boat- 
ing, yachting,  fishing,  shooting,  golf  and  tennis.  Through 
Drawing  Room  and  Sleeping  Cars  from  New  York,  Albany, 
Troy,  Saratoga,  Lake  George,  Saranac,  Lake  Placid  and 
Montreal.  Depot  and  Steamboat  Landing  on  the  grounds. 
For  plan  of  Rooms,  Rates,  etc.,  apply  to 

E.  L.  BROWN,  MANAGER, 

Lincoln  Safe  Deposit  Company,  42d  Street,  New  York  City. 

ASK  MTC.   FOSTER,  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


Kenilworth  Irm 

'Biltmore,  near  ^/Ishe-Ville,  ff.  C. 


OPEN     THROUGHOUT     THE     YEAR 


One  of  the  best  appointed  and  most  luxurious  hotels  in  the  South.  Situated  in  a  private 
park  of  160  acres,  in  the  mountains  of  North  Carolina.  Surrounded  by  magnificent  scenery 
with  over  one  hundred  mountain  peaks,  ranging  in  height  from  3,000  to  6,000  ft.,  in  full 
view.  Adjoins  and  overlooks  the  famous  estate  of  Mr.  Geo.  W.  Vanderbilt.  Climate  mild, 
dry  and  invigorating. 

Golf  instructor  in  charge  of  links  on  hotel  grounds.  Orchestra  and  all  amusements- 
Cuisine  unsurpassed.  Will  be  run  in  connection  with  Hot  Springs,  N.  C. 

EDGAR  B.  MOORE,   Proprietor, 

THE    NORTH    CAROLINA    HOT    SPRINGS 


Mountain   Park   Hotel 

Hot     Springs,     fl.     C. 


OPEN    ALL    THE     YEAR 


A  most  charming  mountain  resort  situated  in  North  Carolina,  in  the  far  famed  "  Land  of  the 
Sky"  on  the  main  road  of  the  Southern  Railway,  38  miles  from  Asheville,  and  40  miles  from 
Biltmore,  on  the  French  Broad  River,  in  a  beautiful  park  of  100  acres.  Delightful  climate, 
absolutely  free  from  fogs,  and  amid  scenery  as  grand  as  any  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

The  hotel  is  well  furnished  throughout,  and  will  be  run  in  connection  with  Kenilworth  Inn 
at  Biltmore,  N.  C.  Its  hot  water  rises  from  a  number  of  springs  with  varying  temperature  of 
from  96  to  1 10  degrees  F.,  and  hot  baths  may  be  had  in  the  hotel,  if  desired.  Professional 
masseur  in  charge.  Golf  with  instructor.  Bowling,  Tennis,  Hunting  and  Fishing,  Livery. 
Private  hunting  preserve  of  25,000  acres. 

EDGAR  B.   MOORE,   Proprietor. 


G 1  QC  d  s  t  o  r\  e    Hotel 

ftarraganse-tl   Tier,    'Rhode    Island 

One  of  the  most  superbly  located  hotels  at  the  Pier ;  surrounded  by  4^  acres  of  private 
lawn,  and  is  the  nearest  hotel  to  the  bathing  beach.  Recently  refurnished  throughout  at  a  cost 
of  $35,000  ;  rooms  single  or  en  suite,  with  or  without  private  bath,  fire  places,  elevator, 
electric  lights,  etc.  Supplied  with  water  throughout  from  the  celebrated  Gladstone  Spring. 
One  of  the  attractive  features  is  a  Gredan  Garden  and  Little  Casino.  Fine  orchestra.  Rates 
moderate.  Season,  June  15  to  Sept.  15.  American  or  European  plan. 

EDGAR  B.  MOORE,  Proprietor. 
ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau.  1333  Penn.  Ave 


HOT  SPRINGS  .ARK  SAN  ANTONIO 


ELEGANT  THROUGH  CAR  SERVICE 
MEALS  A.  LA  CARTE 


DINING  CARS 


FOR  FURTHER  INFORMATION 
ADDRESS    COMPANY'S  AGENTS  OR 


H.  C.  TOWNSEND,  Gen'l  Pass'r  and  Tkt.  Agt.,  ST.  LOUIS. 


RICHELIEU  AND  ONTARIO 
NAVIGATION    COflPANY 

America's  Incomparable  Jtcenic  Line  from 

"NIAGARA    TO    THE     SEA" 


Palatial  Steel  Steamers,  passing  through  the  THOUSAND  ISLANDS 
(America's  Venice),  and  making  the  exciting  descent  of  all  the 
RAPIDS  to  MONTREAL,  QUEBEC,  MURRAY  BAY,  TADOU- 
SAC,  thence  up  the  beautiful  Saguenay  River  to  CHICOUTIMI. 


SUMMER  RESORT  HOTELS— "Manoir  Richelieu,"  at  Murray  Bay,  P.  Q.,  and  the 
"  Tadousac,"  at  Tadousac,  P.  Q.,  owned  and  operated  by  this  Company. 


For  further  particulars  or  Guide  Book  "  Niagara  to  the  Sea,"  apply  to 

H.  FOSTER  CHAFFEE,  W.  P.  A.,       W.  P.  CLONEY,  T.  P.  A.,  JOS.  F.  DOLAN,  C.  P.  A  , 

Toronto,  Can.  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.  Montreal,  Can. 

Or       THOS.  HENRY,  Traffic  Manager,  Montreal. 
ASK   M  K     FrOSTER   for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau.  1333  Pcnn.  Ave. 


The  MOST  POPULAR  WINTER 
J*    ^    RESORT  IN  AMERICA. 


NEW  ORLEANS 

GOLF,  FRENCH  OPERA,  FIVE  THEATRES,  CONTINUOUS 
HORSE  RACING,  HUNTING  AND   FISHING.     ^      jC      j« 

THE 

New  St.  Charles  Hotel, 


ABSOLUTELY  FIRE-PROOF. 

One  of  the  latest,  largest  and  best 

Hotels  in  the  country. 
Accommodations   for   700  Guests; 

150   Priv.ite  Bath  Rooms. 
Luxurious    Turkish,     Russian    and 

Roman  Baths. 
A  Modern  First-class  Hotel. 
Kept  on  both  American  and  Euro- 
pean Plans  at  Moderate  Prices. 


pians  and  Rates.     A.  R.  BLAKELY  &  CO.  (Limited;,  Props. 


MIDWAY  BETWEEN  THE  NORTH  AND  SOUTH. 

ST.  JOHN  HOTEL,  Charleston,  S.  C. 


VISIT 

CHARLESTON    AND    MAGNOLIA 
GARDENS, 

The  most  beautiful  in  America. 
Beautiful  harbor,  fine  drives,  golf 
links  within  twenty  minutes  oi 
hotel.  Historic  and  interesting 
points  of  interest.  Equable  cli- 
mate. The  St.  John  is  a  new 
high-class  hotel  —  beautiful  ball 
room.  Steam  heat  in  every 
room.  One  hundred  rooms  with 
baths,  and  every  convenience. 

GAe    ST.   JOHN    HOTEL   CO..    Props. 


ASK  MR.    FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


HOTEL  ASPINWALL 


LENOX,  in  the  hea't  of  the  Berkshires,  is  the  most  famous,  fashionable  and  exclusive  resort 
in  America.  The  Hotel  Aspinwall  is  new,  fireproof,  and  equipped  with  every  convenience. 
Water  from  pure  mountain  springs.  Modern  sanitary  plumbing.  Bathroom  between  every 
two  rooms.  Drainage  perfect.  Pure  dry  atmosphere;  1460  feet  above  sea  level.  Drives 
amid  the  famous  Berkshire  Hills.  Open  May  to  December,  *r»  ^»  Stud  for  booklet. 

O       D.    SE  AVE  Y 

"THE  CENTER  OF  SUMMER  GOLF."— H.  w.  B. 

MANCHESTER 


IN    THE    MOUNTAINS.      VERMONT. 


15he 


EQUINOX. 


Edward  C.  Orvis, 

Manager. 


Mile  from  Club  House  of 


EKWANOK  Coxmtry  CKib. 

FOR   INFORMATION   AND    BOOKLETS 

"Ask   MR.    FOSTER"   in    Florida   and  Washington. 

"Ask  MR.    MARTIN"  at  THE   BON   AIR,    Augusta,    Ga. 

All  N.  Y.  Central  Tourist  Bureaus,   1216  Broadway,  N.  Y.,  etc. 

The   Lorraine,    5th    Ave.  and  4?th   St.,   New  York. 

EQUINOX  WATER  ai\d  GINGER.  CHAMPAGNE.          Write  for  analysis  and  booklet. 

ASK  MR.   FOSTER   for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


FIVE    MILES    AT    SEA. 


A  FAMILY  seaside  resort  on  the  Long-  Island  shore,  45  minutes  from  New  York  by  the  Long  Island 
R.  R.    Cooler  by  10  degrees  than  any  other  spot  on  the  Atlantic.    Magnificent  beach,  the  finest  surf 
bathing,  golf,  tennis,  sailing,  fishing,  driving,  automobiling.    Spacious  verandas,  1,100  feet  in  length. 
Cuisine  unsurpassed.    Send  for  illustrated  booklet.  A(    E  .    DICK. 

Also  Proprietor  of  HOTEL    GRENOBLE.  56th  Street  and  7th  Avenue,  opposite  Carnegie  Music 

Hall,  New  York  City.    Rooms,  $1  and  up;  with  bath,  $2  up.     Hotel  fireproof.    All  modern  conveniences. 

Circulars  at  Standard  Guide  Information  Burean,  1333  Pennsylvania  Avenue. 

AND  ITS  TWO  FAMOUS   HOTELS. 
Season  from  Oct.  1  to  June  1. 


LAKEWOOD,  N.  J., 


Ninety  minutes  from  New  York,  in  the  heart  of  the  Pine  Belt. 

For  Golf,   Trap   Shooting,    Driving,    or    to   the  Seeker    after   Health 
and  Pleasure,  LAKEWOOD  is  UNSURPASSED. 

The    La^urel    Hovise, 

Lakewood's  Leading  Hotel  for  22  years,  is  always  open  from 
OCTOBER  to  JUNE. 


The  Laurel  in  the  Pines, 

A   palatial    brick   structure,    overlooking    beautiful    Lake   Carasaljo,    is 

open   from   November    15   to   May    15. 
BOTH    HOTELS  ARE  UNDER  THE   MANAGEMENT  OF 

DAVID    B.    PLUMER. 

A.  J.  MURPHY.  Asst.  M*r..  Laurel  House.  F.  F.  SHUTE.  Ass<.  M*r..  Laurel  in-the-Pines. 

ASK   MR.    FOSTEK   for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


MYLES  STANDISH  SPRING  HOTEL 

SOUTH    DUXBURY,    MASS. 


*rHE  most  charming  seaside  resort  in  historic  Plymouth  County.      Thirty-nine  miles  from  Boston. 

Beautiful  drives  and  walks,  fine  golf  course.    Bathing,  sailing  and  fishing.    Water  from  the  cele- 

brated Myles  Standish  Spring.    Cuisine  perfect.    Terms,  $18  per  week  and  up  for  single  room  ;  two  in 

room,  $15  and  up.      Special  rates  to  families.      Send  for  booKJet.  X  X  "^  X 


L.    DOVER'S  SONS.  Owners. 


90  Water  St.,  New  York.  N.  Y. 


SPEND  THE   SUMMER 


ON    LONG   ISLAND 

THE    IDEAL   PLACE    FOR    HEALTH,    REST  AND    RECREATION. 

Long  Island,  with  250  miles  of  coast  on  ocean,  sound  and  bays,  is  unsurpassed  as  a  summer 
resort.  Trending  east  and  west,  it  is  cooled  by  the  ocean's  south  winds. 

Long  Island  presents  many  attractive  features  of  outdoor  summer  life — Boating,  Surf  and  Still  Water 
Bathing,  Shooting,  Fishing,  Good  Roads  for  Driving  and  Automobiling  (600  miles  of  macadam  roads),  and 
Unexcelled  Golf  Courses. 

Excellent  Train   Service  from   New  York  City  by  the   Long  Island   Railroad. 

SEND  FOR  BOOKLETS  DESCRIPTIVE  OF  LONG  ISLAND-. 

"  Long  Island"  (descriptive  and  illustrated),   .   8c         ^'Summer  Homes"  {hotels  and  boarding  houses),  4c 
"Unique  Long  Island"  (camerasketch.es),       .       5c         "Climate  of  Long  Island"         .         .         .         .        8c 

"Golfing  on  Long  Island"        .        .        2c 

Howard  M.  Smith.  Gen.  Pass'r  Ag't,  Long  Island  Railroad.         263  Fifth  Ave  ,  N"w  York  City.  N.  Y. 

ASK  MR.    FOSTER   for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  C.uide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


il  •1p[|-;;::";;;;; 
.,«••••;! 


BIRD'S-EYE  VIEW  OF  SANITARIUM. 


THIS  magnificent  fire-proof  structure  was  dedicated  and  opened  May 
31,  1903.  There  are  accommodations  in  the  main  building  for  350 
guests  and  accommodations  in  other  buildings  for  400  more  patients. 
One  hundred  and  seventy-five  rooms  have  private  baths.  The  new 
building  is  equipped  with  five  hydraulic  elevators,  electric  lights,  a 
private  telephone  in  each  room,  and  all  modern  conveniences.  For  full 
information  concerning  the  facilities  afforded,  terms,  etc.,  address 


THE  SANITARIUM, 


Battle   Creek,   Mich. 


The   Health   Food    Idea 

originated  at  the  Battle  Creek  Sanitarium.  There  are  many  imitations 
of  our  foods  on  the  market,  but  we  manufacture  the  most  complete  and 
most  reliable  line. 

Get  acquainted  with  Battle  Creek  Sanitarium  Foods— the  Originals. 
Write  us  to-day  for  prices  and  booklet. 

BATTLE  CREEK  SANITARIUM  CO.,  Ltd. 

ASK  MR-   FOSTER   for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau.  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


The      ^      X 

Philadelphia 
Oyster  House 


Ladies  and  Gentlemen's  Cafe,  Sea 
Foods,  Steaks,  Chops,  Salads,  etc. 
Perfection  in  OYSTER  Cooking. 


STERSi 


Try  Our  Famous 
"  Single  Fried.  " 


513  llth  Street,  N.  W. 


"ESTABLISHED    OVER    A    CENTURY 


GALT  &  BROTHER 
Jewellers  and  Silversmiths 

1107  PENNSYLVANIA  AVE.,  WASHINGTON 


m~ ORIGINATORS    OF    WASHINGTON     SOUVENIR    SPOONS ^ 


PAINTINGS  OF  THE 
CONGRESS  IN  THE 
THE  ORIGINALS  v 


In  this  edition  thirty-tbuo  color  prints  are  mounted  on  heavy 
paper  of  a  shade  which  sets  off  the  pictures  with  the  happiest 
artistic  effect.  The  leaves  are  bound  into  a  portfolio  in  such 
a  way  that  the  prints  may  be  taken  out  for  framing.  The 
pictures  average  9x5  inches,  a  size  which  permits  the  repro- 
duction of  the  paintings  with  clearness  of  detail;  and  the  color- 
ing, copied  directly  from  the  originals,  gives  in  every  picture  a 
true  presentation  of  the  artist's  actual  work.  Price,  $2.00; 
postage,  15  cents.  Sold  everywhere  in  Washington  and  by 


FOSTER    & 
1333  Pennsylvania  Avenue, 


REYNOLDS, 

Washington,  D.  C 


ASK    M  K.    FOSTKR   for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


THE     UNDERWOOD 

WRITING -IN- SIGHT 

TYPEWRITER. 


UNDER.WOOD     TYPEWRITER     COMPANY 
241  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Washington   Office.    1206    F   Street,  N.  W. 

ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


Philippines, 
Irvdia  and  Australia 


Via.     HONOLULU 


BY  THE  STEAMERS  OF  THE 


Pacific   M<xil    Steamship  Company  and  the 
Occidental  ®.  Oriental  Steamship  Company 


s.  s. 
s.  s. 
s.  s. 
s.  s. 
s.  s. 
s.  s. 
s.  s. 
s.  s. 


FLEET 

•  MONGOLIA,"   14,000  Tons,  Twin  Screws 
'MANCHURIA."   14,000  Tons,  Twin  Screws 
'  KOR.EA."   12,000  Tons,  Twin  Screws 
"SIBERIA,"   12,000  Tons,  Twin  Screws 
•CHINA."  5,060  Tons 
•DORIC,"  4,700  Tons 
•COPTIC,"  4, 500  Tons 
'  GAELIC,"  4,300  Tons  - 


Leave  San  Francisco  alternately,  about  every  ten  days,  for  Honolulu,  Yokohama 
and  Hong  Kong,  calling  at  Kobe  (via  the  beautiful  Inland  Sea  of  Japan)  Nagasaki, 
Manila  and  Shanghai,  and  connecting  with  steamers  for  Siberia,  Korea;  also,  for 
the  northern  ports  of  China,  the  Philippine  Islands,  Straits  Settlements,  India  and 
Australia.  s£S£S£\£x<v<v<v« 

AROUND  THE-WORLD  TOURS  AT  REDUCED  RATES 

Each  ship  carries  an  experienced  Surgeon  and  Stewardesses,  and  particular  attention 
is  given  to  the  cuisine,  which  is  of  the  highest  order.  ^  X  ^C 

Full  information  will  be  furnished  by  any  of  the  principal  railroad  offices  and  tourist 
agencies  in  the  United  States,  and  prompt  attention  will  be  paid  to  written  or 
telegraphic  requests  for  reservations,  information,  etc.  ^  ^C  ^ 

General  Office  :  421  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

L.  H.  NUTTING,  General  Eastern  Passenger  Agent 
349  Broadway,  New  York  City 

W.  G.  NEIMEYR,  General  Western  Agent 

193  Clark  Street.  Chicago.  111. 

J.  H.  LOTHROP,  903  Olive  Street,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


ASK  MR.    FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


WASHINGTON 
D.  C.  WITH  IT^ 
PROSPEROUS 
WELL-PAID 
GOVERNMENT 
EMPLOYEES 
^  AND  IT.5  ^ 
W  E,  A  LTH Y 
RESIDENTS 


THE: 


NIRROR 

R^EACHEJ 


"THE  NATION'S 
CAPITAL 
offers  a  magnificent 
field  for  advertis- 
ers. Good  times  ,^^^^^_^^_^_ 
or  bad,  millions  of 
Uncle  Sam's  money 
are  disbursed 
monthly. 

Nowhere  else  will  advertisers  find  a 
more  intelligent  audience  to  speak  to,  or 
as  quick  to  appreciate  and  purchase  a 
rightly  advertised  article. 


T 


HE  WASHINGTON  MIRROR  is  a 
cleverly  edited  weekly  of  24  pages, 
devoted  to  the  society  and  politics  of 
Washington,  D.  C.  Has  a  snap,  and 
spice,  and  "go"  to  it  that's  made  it  the 
most  talked  of  publication  within  the 
District  of  t^olurrrbia. 


CIRCULATION  I3,OOO. 

Rates,  15  cents  Agate  line,  net. 
Address  for  sample  copies, 

AMERICAN 

NEWSPAPER. 

SYNDICATE 

Proprietor  and  Publisher  of  THE  MIRROR. 

Washington,  D.  C. 


ASK  MR.    FOSTER   for  printed  matter  ai  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


ASK 

MR.  FOSTER 


MR.  f 

FOSTER   ' 
HERE     • 

1333     Penn- 
sylvania  Av. 


I  OFFER  MY  SERVICES    to   aid  you 

ASK        Hfc          in  planning  your  travel  and  outings.     I  know  a 
great    deal    about    summer  and   winter   resorts 
and  about  the  pleasantest  and  most  convenient 
means  of  reaching  them.     At  my  office  are  hun- 
dreds of  descriptive  booklets  of  different  hotels, 
small   and   large,    also    railroad    and    steamship 
schedules,    maps,    guide   books,    plans  of  hotels  and  all  sorts  of 
travelers'  literature  that  will  be  helpful  to  you. 

I  will  tell  you  which  trains  to  take  to  make  best  connections, 
how  to  avoid  night  travel  if  desired,  what  is  of  interest  along  the 
way,  which  routes  afford  the  greatest  scenic  advantages,  how  to 
combine  most  advantageously  travel  by  water  and  rail. 

1  can  tell  you  the  cost  of  railroad  and  steamship  tickets  and  the 
rates  charged  at  the  different  hotels.  1  will  engage  your  hotel 
accommodations  in  advance  if  you  wish  it,  and  will  give  you  letters 
of  introduction  that  will  help  to  smooth  your  way. 

I  am  well  acquainted  also  with  the  hotels  of  Philadelphia,  New 
York,  Boston,  Chicago  and  the  other  large  cities,  and  can  aid  you 
in  selecting  the  one  best  suited  to  your  needs. 

You  are  cordially  invited  to  visit  my  office  and  to  make  free  use 
of  the  services  rendered  here.  There  are  no  charges  of  any  sort. 
No  fees  are  ever  accepted.  Therefore: 

Ask  Mr.  Foster 

Anything  at 
Any    time   about 
Any  place 
Anywhere 

WAR.D  G.  FOSTER,  Manager 

Standard   Guide  Information  Bureau, 

1333   Pennsylvania  Avenue 

ALSO  Telephone  973y 

ST.  AUGUSTINE,  FLA. -Cordova.  Corner 
PALM  BEACH,  FLA.     Facing  Hotel   R-oyal  Poinclana 


TKe  Na.tioi\aJ 
Remembrance 

SKop    ^€    ^ 

1333    Pennsylvania    Avenue, 

'(  One-half   block   below   Willard's    Hotel. 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


6VERYONE  visiting  Washington  desires  to  take  away  some- 
thing as  a  remembrance  of  the  visit  to  the  nation's  Capital,  or 
as  a  gift  for  the  friends  at  home.  It  is  the  aim  of  the  National 
Remembrance  Shop  to  supply  such  things  that  shall  have  also  some 
artistic  merit.  Here  are  sold  wares  of  gold,  silver,  wood,  china, 
leather.  Pictures.  Books  of  Views  and  all  sorts  of  things  suitable 
as  souvenirs  or  gifts.  The  prices  are  reasonable;  the  goods  are 
well  made  and  serviceable,  and  withal  pleasing  to  the  eye,  even 
the  most  inexpensive  articles  (and  there  are  many  such)  being  of  a 
character  to  appeal  to  persons  of  cultivated  taste. 

The  Remembrance  Shop  is  unique  in  its  furnishings  and  general 
character,  and  «n  its  tables  are  shown  many  odd  things  not  to  be 
found  elsewhere.  You  are  cordially  invited  to  inspect  the  articles 
shown  here.  All  visitors  are  equally  welcome,  whether  purchasers 
or  not.  No  one  is  ever  urged  to  buy. 


Sterling  silver  and  enameled  souvenir  spoons, 
forks  and  other  articles  in  large  variety  and 
exclusive  designs.  jf>  *£  &  ^ 
Remembrance  china  and  earthenware  in  pitchers, 
cups  and  saucers,  mugs,  plates,  beakers,  etc., 
made  for  us  by  Minton,  Wedgewood,  Ridgway, 
Adams  and  other  famous  manufacturers,  and  in 
our  own  exclusive  patterns,  entirely  different  from 
the  ordinary  "view  china."  Very  moderately 
priced.  &  jfc  &  &  &  & 
Baskets  made  in  New  England  homes  by  women 
who  love  their  work.  jfc  J>  ^  ^ 
Choice  articles  in  wood  and  leather,  done  by 
artists  who  rarely  duplicate.  jt  jt  Jt 
Platinum  and  color  photographs.  Thousands  of 
souvenir  post  ^^^fe  cards  conven- 

iently shown.          _^^^^^^      Color  prints. 


The  Self-opening  Washington  Remembrance  Pocket  Knife.    Sterling  Silver. 
Press  the  button — it  opens. 

THE  NATIONAL  REMEMBRANCE  SHOP 
1333  Pennsylvania  Avenue, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Near  Fourteenth  St.,  directly  across  the  avenue  from  the  Mt.  Ver- 
non  Railway  Station,  and  one-h.ilf  block  bslow  Willard's  Hotel. 


THE  MURAL  PAINTINGS  OF  THE 
LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS  IN  THE 
COLORS  OF  THE  ORIGINALS  v 

There  are  thirty-eight  plates,  reproducing  the  Library  paintings 
with  absolute  fidelity,  clearness  and  delicacy,  in  the  original  colors, 
by  the  most  perfed  art  process  of  the  day.     The  paintings  include: 
Lyric  Poetry  Library  from  Capitol          Grand  Stairway 

Poets'  Boys  Mosaic  Mantels  Mosaic   Minerva 

Melpomene  and  Calliope      Greek  Heroes  The  Seasons 

Religion  and  Labor  Arts  and  Sciences  Hall  of  Columns 

The  24  pages  'of  descriptive  text  give  the  poems  of  the  Poetry 
Series,  the  Greek  Hero  Myths  and  the  Library  Quotations.  The 
volume  is  an  example  of  artistic  book  making.  It  is  the  most  compre- 
hensive and  enduringly  valuable  publication  devoted  to  the  Library 
decorations.  The  page  is  12x9^/2  inches;  the  prints  average  9xs 
inches.  Price,  $3.00;  postage,  25  cents. 

Thirty-two  of  the  plates  of  the  volume  just  described  are  collected 
in  the  Portfolio  Edition  with  a  short  descriptive  list  of  the 
pictures.  The  prints  are  mounted  on  heavy  paper  of  harmonious 
hhade,  and  bound  into  a  portfolio  in  such  a  way  that  without 
injury  to  the  book  any  print  may  be  taken  out  for  framing.  Price, 
$2.00  (or  $2.  i  ?  postpaid). 

The  "BooK^  of  the  ^Paintings,  Library  of  Congress, 

contains  89  engravings  in  black  and  white,  comprising  all  the  im- 
portant paintings  of  the  Library  and  many  architectural  views.  It 
is  the  largest  and  most  comprehensive  collection  of  the  Library  paint- 
ings and  decorations.  Price  in  paper  cover,  7=;  cents;  postpaid, 
85  cents.  Cloth,  $1.00;  postpaid,  $i.  18. 

The   ^Practical  Guide  to  the  Library    of  Congress 

describes  all  the  paintings  and  the  architecture.  It  is  the  best  aid 
to  seeing  the  Library  intelligently.  Ninety-two  illustrations. 
Price,  10  cents. 

All  the  Foster  &  Reynolds  Books  on  the  Library  of  Congress  are 
sold  also  at  the  Sales  Stand  in  the  Library  Building,  at  The 
National  Remembrance  Shop,  and  at  Book  and  Souvenir  Stores 
throughout  the  City. 

FOSTER    &    REYNOLDS. 

1333  Pennsylvania  Ave..  Washington.  D.  C. 

to  see  the  Foster  SSL  'Reynolds 


Your  Summers-      *n  **>e  Heart  of  the 
THem         Canadian  * 


The  Hotel  System  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company  includes  in  the  Rockies 
of  Canada  eight  of  the  best  appointed  and  most  comfortable  hotels  on  the  continent.  Private 
bath  rooms  and  all  modern  conveniences. 

BANFF, 

H( 


Canadian  National  Park,  at  Banff,  Alba.,  is  situated  the  Banff  Springs 


October.    Rates  from  $3.50  per  day  upward. 


LAGGAN,  Alba.—  Two  and  a  half  miles  from'  Laggan  Station  the  Company  has  built  a  beautiful 
Chalet  near  Lake  Louise.  The  hotel  is  charmingly  situated  in  the  valley  lying  between 
Mounts  St.  Piran,  Fairview,  Beehive,  Victoria,  Lefroy,  Aberdeen  and  Whyte,  and  is 
excellently  placed  as  a  center  from  which  to  make  excursions  to  the  many  beautiful 
valleys  and  lakes  in  the  vicinity.  The  far-famed  "Lakes  in  the  Clouds"  are  but  30  minutes' 
walk  from  the  hotel.  There  is  accommodation  for  125  guests,  and  the  house  is  thoroughly 
up-to-date  in  its  appointments;  is  lighted  by  electricity  and  heated  by  steam.  Swiss 
Mountain  Guides  are  retained  for  use  by  Mountain  Climbers.  The  livery  service  is  operated 
in  connection  with  the  hotel.  Open  from  June  1  until  October.  Kates  from  $3  per  day 
upward. 

FIELD.  B.  C.—  Tn  the  shadow  of  Mount  Stephen  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company  built 
that  modern  hostelry,  "The  Mount  Stephen  House."  This  house  has  accommodation  for 
175  guests,  is  lighted  by  electricity,  heated  by  steam,  and  is  thoroughly  up-to-date.  Open 
Winter  and  Summer.  From  Field  parties  start  for  Jhe  Yoho  Valley,  the  Ice  River  and 
Kiwetinok  Valleys,  Lake  O'Hara,  Emerald  Lake,  and  many  other  points  that  offer  attrac- 
tions to  the  tourist.  Swiss  Guides  are  retained  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  and 
every  facility  afforded  those  who  desire  to  climb  mountains.  An  excellent  livery  service 
is  operated  between  Field  and  Emerald  Lake.  Saddle  and  pack  ponies  are  always  to  be 
had  for  excursions  into  the  surrounding  districts.  Tennis  and  Croquet  lawns  and  Golf 
Links  in  connection  with  the  hotel.  Rates,  $3  per  day  and  upward. 

EMERALD  LAKE.  B.  C.—  A  Swiss  Chalet,  with  accommodation  for  40  guests,  has  been  built 
at  Emerald  Lake,  which  is  situated  seven  miles  north  of  Field,  and  is  reached  by  carriage 
from  Field.  Parties  are  outfitted  from  this  point  for  trips  to  the  Yoho  Valley.  Good  fishing 
and  boating.  Open  June  1  until  October.  Rates,  $3  per  day  and  upward. 

GLACIER.!  B.  C  —  About  a  mile  from  the  base  of  the  Illecillewaet  or  Great  Glacier  of  the 
Selkirks  is  situated  a  well  appointed  and  comfortable  hotel  called  "Glacier  House."  At 
Glacier  House  there  is  accommodation  for  200  gues_ts.  The  hotel  is  heated  by  steam  and 
lighted  by  electricity,  and  it  contains  all  the  conveniences  of  a  modern  city  hotel.  Cuisine 
and  service  first-class.  Pony  livery  in  connection.  Swiss  guides  for  mountain  climbing. 
Open  Winter  and  Summer.  Rates,  $3  per  day  and  upward. 

R.EVFLSTOKE,  B.  C.—  At  Revelstoke  is  a  well  furnished  and  comfortable  hotel  of  75  rooms. 
Electric  lighted  and  steam  heated.  Operated  by  Mr.  H.  A.  Perley.  From  Revelstoke  con- 
nection is  made  with  the  branch  line  which  joins  the  Arrow  Lake  Steamers  with  the  main 
line.  Good  Fishing  and  Hunting  in  the  vicinity  of  Revelstoke.  Hotel  is  open  Winter  and 
Summer.  Rates  $3  per  day. 

SICAMOUS  JCT.—  Hotel  Sicamous,  on  Shuswap  Lake,  is  a  small  hotel  of  35  rooms,  and  is 
operated  by  Mr.  F.  W.  Padmore.  The  house  is  well  furnished  and  up-to-date.  Open 
Winter  and  Summer.  Excellent  Fishing  and  Boating.  Branch  .to  Okanagan  connects  with 
main  line  at  Sicamous.  Rates,  $3  per  day. 

NORTH  BEND.  B.  C.  —  The  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  Company  own  and  operate  the  Fraser 
Canyon  House  at  North  Bend.  This  hotel  is  a  small  house  of  30  rooms,  is  well  furnished 
and  provided  with  all  modern  conveniences.  Open  Winter  and  Summer.  Rates,  $3  per 
day  and  upward. 


Special  arrangements  for  parties  making  extended  visits  at  any  of  the  hotels. 
For  further  information  as  to  rates,   etc.,   apply  to  manager  of  the  hotel   concerned,  or  to 
GEORGE  McL.  BROWN,   Superintendent,   Montreal,   Can. 

ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


THE   HALLS  OF  THE  ANCIENTS 

FOR    PROMOTION    OF 

National  Galleries  of  History  and  Art  in  Washington 

1312, 1314,  1316  and  1318 

NEW  YORK  AVENUE 

Admission.  25  Cenls. 


T 


HE    Halls  of    the 
Ancients  are  con- 
structed  for   illus- 
tration of  the  art, 
architecture,         religion, 
and    life   of   the    ancient 
Egyptian,       Assyrian, 
Graeco  -  Roman,       and 
Saracenic  peoples. 
The     design     for     the 

piwm 

Jnal:  columns  70  ft.  high 
and  12  ft.   in   diameter. 

It  enters  the  Hall  of  Columns,  more  grand  in  dimensions  and  beautiful  in  color,  than  the 
Saulenhof  built  by  Lepsius  at  Berlin.  .  ,  .  , 

Therein  are  twelve  decorated  columns,  larger  than  any  existing  models,  in  three  styles:  the 
Lotus  Bud,  the  Palm,  and  Hathor  capitals,  with  wall  decorations.  . 

The  Egyptian  Hail  of  Arts  and  Crafts  contains  the  beautiful  interior  of  an  Egyptian  House 
and  Court  designed  by  Racinet.  It  illustrates  the  Arts  and  Crafts  of  the  Egyptians.  A  dado  U 
ft.  in  length  is  a  facsimile  of  the  Book  of  the  Dead  from  the  British  Museum.  On  the  wall  is  a 
copy.  10  ft.  by  7  ft.,  of  Richter's  Building  of  the  Pyramids,  and  adjacent,  one  of  like  size  of  Long  s 
Egyptian  Feast.  There  is  a  model  of  the  tomb  brought  by  Lepsius  to  Berlin.  A  mummy  is  in 
the  inner  vault,  and  in  the  outer  (Serdab)  are  illustrated  offerings  to  the  dead. 

The  Assyrian  Throne  Room  is  gorgeous  in  blue  and  gold  according  to  authority  of  Place.  A 
section  is  walled  with  casts  from  the  Nimroud  slabs  in  the  British  Museum,  and  paintings  of 
others  by  Rotta,  Layard,  and  Smith.  The  portal  is  between  the  four  colossal  human-headed  bulls 
found  in  the  Palace  of  Sennacherib.  The  Throne  of  Xerxes  from  Persepolis  is  upon  the  exact 
scale  of  the  cast  in  the  Louvre.  King  Sennacherib  is  seated,  modeled  in  costume  from  the  bas- 
relief,  the  throne  supported  by  captives. 

The  Roman  House,  with  entrance  from  the  Hall  of  Columns,  covers  10,000  square  feet.  Its 
decorations,  15.000  square  feet  of  surface,  are  in  part  from  the  beautiful  House  of  Vettius. 

The  Lecture  Hall,  IT  Persian  style,  contains  the  painting  of  the  Grandeur  of  Rome,  500 
square  feet,  after  the  original  by  Buhlmann  and  Wagner,  of  Munich. 

The  Saracenic  Halls  are  in  counterparts  of  a  house  in  Tangiers,  and  a  hall  plated  with 
traceries  from  the  Alhambra. 

The  Art  Gallery  is  devoted  to  Roman  History.       Walls  are  covered  by  plates  from  Pinelli's 
Istoria  Kornana  (102  in  number),  in  historical  order.     Three  have  been   painted  by   Pascal   and 
I  ft.  by  7  ft.,  to  show   the  powerful   educational   impressions    when   the  whole   shall   be 
thus  enlarged  to  range  the  Galleries  as  modeled,  enclosing  the  Roman   Court 

the  Taberna  are  superb  illustrations  of  Greek  vases,  full  size.     Replica  copies  thereof  will 

schools   and   individuals,   as   models   of   form    and    beauty,    at    minimum    cost,    thus 

less  of  the  proposed  National  Galleries  of  History  and  Art,  and  follow- 

possible  prices  Louvre,   in  distribution  of  models  of  art  to  the  world  at  lowest 


of  o^FD\TIouT?FbT^C40uft-'  1>S  named  from  the  models  on  i'64  sca!e 

NAL  GALLERIES,  the  promotion  of  which  for  our  country  is  the 

chitect^e    mvtholo™  nst™ctlon   of  the   .IIa11,^.  '°   demonstrate   the   realism   with    which    all   art, 
FrakUn  WebsVe  -Smith  nationalities  may  be  revived  for  instruction.     Designed  by 


A>K  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  At 


SHOREHAM 


John  T.   'Define,  Proprietor. 

WASHINGTON,    D.    C. 


Within  five  minutes'  walk  of  the  White  House, 
Treasury,   State,  War  and    Navy    Departments. 


Absolutely  Modern  ^nd  High-Cla.ss  in  Every  Deta.il 
American  a.nd  European  Pla.n  Absolutely  Fireproof 


ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


HOTEL    DRISCOLL 


Facing  U.  S.  Capitol  a.i\d  Grounds 

B  Street,  Comer  First,  N.  W., 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Finest  location  in  the  city. 
Handsome  suites,  2  to  5  rooms 
with  bath.  Telephone  in  every 
room.  Billiard  Room,  Smoking 
Room,  Barber  Shop.  Cuisine 
and  service  of  high  excellence, 
at  very  reasonable  rates.  .•.  .'. 


Near  ill  Car  Lines. 


One  Block  from   B.  &  O.   Depot. 


"RATES: 

American  Plan 

$3.00  per  day  and  upwards 
European   Plan 

$1.50  per  day  a.rvd  upwards 

UNDER  NEW   MANAGEMENT. 

WILLIAM  CATTO,  Manager 

Five  Blocks  from  Penn.  Depot. 


When  in  Washington 

Register  at 
THE    BUCKINGHAM. 

*FHE   BUCKINGHAM,  on  McPHERSON 
PARK,  is  in  the  very  center  of  the  most 
attractive  and  fashionable  part  of  the  city, 
two  blocks  from  the  Ex- 
ecutive Mansion,  Treasury, 
State,    War    and    Navy 
buildings,  and  within  easy 
access  of  the  theaters  and 
shopping    district.      The 
(interior    is    planned    for 
^comfort  and  convenience. 
Desirable  rooms  for  tran- 
sients.    For  ladies  travel- 
ing alone  this  hotel  affords  special  induce- 
ments.   Cuisine  and  service  are  the  very  best, 
and  up  to  date. 

The  regular  ttrlff  of  charges  is  $2.50,  $3.00, 
$4.00  per  day,  American  Plan. 


...THE... 

ARMY  and   NAVY 
MAGAZINE 

"A  JOURNAL  OF  QUALITY" 

A  high-class  publication,  reaching 
the  homes  of  people  of  wealth  and 
culture,  such  as  the  families  of 
officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  and 
those  in  Diplomatic  and  Official 
circles. 

606  F  Street.  N.  W.. 
WASHINGTON,   D.  C. 

AN  EXCELLENT  MEDIUM 

in  which  to  advertise  Hotels  and  Resorts. 

HERBERT  CECIL  LEWIS,  Editor 

ASK  MR.  FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


A.  L.  BLISS, 

OWNER. 


F.  K.WETMORE, 

MANAGER. 


ST.  JAMES'  HOTEL, 


EUROPEAN 
PLAN, 

WASHINGTON,  B.C. 

Cor.  Penn.  Ave.  &  6th  St. 

BEST  family  and 
transient  hotel 
at  the  National 
Capital.  It  has  about 
it  the  atmosphere  of 
comfort  and  home- 
likeness  so  fascinating 
to  the  tourist  and  to 
the  traveling  man. 
All  rooms  are  equip- 
ped with  local  and 
long  distance  tele- 
phones, steam  heat 
and  electric  light. 
Single  rooms,  $1.00 
and  upwards;  suite, 
with  bath,  $3.00  to 
$6.00. 

L.  WOODBURY.  Proprietor. 
H.  T.  WHEELER.  Manager. 


NIAGARA  HOTEL,  Buffalo,  N.Y. 

"Buffalo    and   the   JViagara    Hotel   is    Ihe   "Radiating  "Point  for  Tourists    bound  for 

Niagara  Falls,  the  Great  Lakes.  St.  Laturence  "Rit)er.   Thousand  Islands. 

Canadian    Hunting,    Fishing,    and  "Resort  "Regions. 


THE  Niagara  Hotel  is 

beautifully  situated  on 
the  highest  elevation  in 
Buffalo,  occupying  an 
entire  city  block  on 
Porter  Avenue  and  the 
Park,  near  Niagara 
Street,  in  the  residence 
district,  and  only  a  few 
rods  from  the  head  of, 
and  overlooking,  the 
picturesque  Niagara 
River  and  Lake  Erie. 

AMERICAN    AND 
EUROPEAN  PLANS. 

Special  rates  for  perma- 
nent guests  or  those 
desiring  apartments  for 
a  definite  period  will  be 
made  on  application. 

Few  hotels  offer  tourists,  business  men  and  families  such  absolute  comfort  as  may  be  had  at 
the  Niagara.  All  car  lines  transfer  near  to  the  door.  Reasonable  Rates.  Correspondence 
solicited.  Booklet  forwarded.  GARRY  D.  M.  SHERMAN.  Manager. 

ASK  MR.    FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Avf 


MOUNT   VERNON 

(HOME  AND  TOMB  OF  WASHINGTON). 

.-riir    THIIDICT'C    DHIITF    "    This  route  affords  Passengers  an 
Int.      JUUlAlDI     O    HUUIl-.        unequaled  opportunity  to  view  32 
miles  of  magnificent  scenery  on  the  historic  Potomac.    Steamer  CHARLES  MACALESTER 
(built  expressly  for  this  service) 

LEAVES  Seventh  Street  Wharf,  Washington,  D.  C.  (2  Trips),  DAILY 

(SUNDAY  EXCEPTED). 

SUMMER  SCHEDULE  (from  May  30th  to  November  1st):  10  A,  M,  and  2.30  P,  M, 

DUE  TO  ARRIVE  AT  WASHINGTON  2.15  AND  6.15  P.  M. 

FALL  and  WINTER  SCHEDULE  (from  November  1st  to  May  30th):  10  A.  M,  and  1,45  P,  M, 

DUE  TO  ARRIVE  AT  WASHINGTON  1.40  AND  5.15  P.  M. 

This  is  the  only  company  permitted  to  sell  admission  tickets  to  Mount  Vernon. 
CAFE    ON    STEAMER. 

The  Mt.  Vernon  &  Marshall  Hall  Steamboat  Co.,  Limited. 

TELEPHONE    825    HAIN. 
A>K  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Tenn.  Ave. 


Tomb 


MOUNT  VERNON/" 

ADI  iNrnvw    The Beautifai 

rYlVj-«ll^vJ  1  V/i>l  j  National  Cemetery, 
Vlrgtiria'i  Pint  Capital,  the  Quaint  Old  City  of  ^  [^  FlX  A IV  P  R  I A 

Are  all  Quickly  and  Conveniently  Reached  on 


I  The  Electric  Trains  ! 


OF  THE 


Washington,  Alexandria  &  Mt.  Vernon  Ry. 

Station  13  y2  Street  and  Pennsylvania  Avenue. 


10  A. 


n          vToltMt-  Vernon  h»»"-l 

.          SrMaw.*      a* 

hoor°r  ArlinKton  and  Alexandria  every  half 


Round  Trip  to  Mount  Vernon,  ...  75c. 
Round  Trip  to  Alexandria,  ...  25c. 
Round  Trip  to  Arlington,  ....  20C. 
Mt.  Vernon.  includ'g  Arlington  and  Alexandria,  85c. 
Stop-over  privileges  allowed  at  Alexandria. 


W  See  Time  Tables  for  detailed  information. 

5TER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn    Ave 


Washington,  Arlington  and 
Falls  Church  Railway. 

(U.   S.   MAIL  ROUTE.) 

ONLY  LINE  TO  FORT  MYER,  VA., 

—  AND  — 

SHORT  ROUTE  TO   BALLSTON,    FALLS  CHURCH,  VA., 

—  AND  — 

ARLINGTON    NATIONAL    CEMETERY, 

The  Bivouac  of  the  Nation's  Dead,  on  the  banks  of  the  beautiful  Potomac. 

lake  Pennsylvania  Avenue  or  F  Street  cars  to  Aqueduct  Bridge. 
Trains  every  half  hour. 

F.  B.  HUBBELL,  Vice-President  and  Manager.  T.  GARRETT,  Passenger  Agent. 

Arlington  Transfer    Wagonettes. 

Make   close   connections   with   all  trains   to   and  from 
WASHINGTON,   ALEXANDRIA  and  MT.  VERNON. 

The  route  of  the  Wagonettes  Is  through  the  Cem  -tery,  to  the  Lee  Mansion  and  Fort  Myer,  passing  al] 
principal  monuments,  the  new  cemetery  where  the  Maine  victims  and  heroes  of  the  Spanish  war  are 
buried;  and  to  Fort  McPherson.  FARE,  25c.  ROUND  TRIP.  Passengers  may  stop  over  at  any  point 
in  the  Cemetery,  and  take  a  later  wagon  without  extra  charge.  During  Exhibition  drills  parties  will  be 
taken  to  the  drill  hall  at  Fort  Myer  and  returned  without  extra  charge.  Each  driver  is  a  good  guide  and 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  location  of  the  graves  and  points  of  interest.  The  cemetery  is  so  large  that 
one  can  see  more  in  a  half -hour  driving  than  in  two  hours  of  walking. 

ARLINGTON  TRANSFER  CO. 


*•*. 


w^^m 

'•  r'.  j  '^~^=^      *», 


'  ^71 

- 


ASK  MR. 


Betel  and  Cafe 

Corner  Hth  and  G  Sts*,  N.  W., 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C 

CENTRALLY  LOCATED. 
A  Home  Hotel.  Quiet  and  RestfuL 

RATES: 
AMERICAN:    $1.50  to  $2.00  per  day; 

$8.00  to  $12.00  per  week. 
EUROPEAN:  $1.00  and  up. 

printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Pcnn.  Ave 


RICHMOND,  FREDERICKSBURG  &  POTOMAC  R,  R, 


AND 


WASHINGTON  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY 

THE  RICHMOND -WASHINGTON  LINE 

THE    LINK    CONNECTING    THE 

Atlantic  Coast  Line  R.  R.,  Baltimore  &  Ohio  R.  R.,  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
R  v.  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  Seaboard  Air  Line  R'y,  and  Southern  Rail- 
w.iv.  between  all  points,  via  Richmond,  Va.  ^  ^  ^  X 

Fast  Mail,  Passenger,  Express  and  Freight  Route 

—  BETWEEN  — 

Richmond,  Washington,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  New  York,  Boston, 
Pittsburgh,  Buffalo,  and  all  points  North,  South,  East  and  West. 

W.  D.  DUKE.  C.  W.  CULP.  W.  P.  TAYLOR.. 

General  Manager.  Asjt.  Cen'l  Manager.  Traffic  Manager. 

Cbe  Tredonia. 

1321=1323  H  St.,  N.  W., 

WASHINGTON,      •      •      -     -      D.  C. 

Centrally  located;  new;  thoroughly  equipped  with 
every  modern  appliance;  a  cuisine  unexcelled. 
American  Plan,  $2  per  day,  $12  per  week.  Euro- 
pean Plan,  $i  per  day  and  up.  Special  excursion 
rates.  Address 

WM.   W.  DANENHOWER,  Prop. 


1RGINIA  NAVIGATION  CO 


JAMES   RIVER   ROUTE 

Between  RICHMOND.  NEWPORT  NEWS.  OLD  POINT 
COMFORT.  PORTSMOUTH  «.nd  NORFOLK.  VA. 


fajt  and  Elfjant  Saloon  Sttamer 

TOCAHOJVTAS 


Leaves  Richmond  Monday,  Wednesday  and  Friday  7-00  a  m  • 
Petersburg,  8:45  a.  m.,  arriving  at  Old  Point  Comfort4:3O  p  m  •' 
Norfolk,  e:jo p.  m. 

Leaves  Norfolk  Tuesdayt  Thursday  and  Saturday,  y:oo  a.  m  • 
Old  Point.  8:00  a.  m.,  arriving  at  Petersburg,  3:00  p.  m  • 
Richmond  5:50  p.  m. 

F»re  One  W»y.  S1.50;      Round   Trip,   $2.5O.     JAMESTOWN,  ,607. 


FOSTER  (or  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


^  LIBRARY  SPOON 

Made  in  Tea.  Coffee  and  Orange  Sizes. 

"THE,     'DAIJ^TIE.JfT    OF    ALL." 


BOOK  MARK. 


Visitors  to  Washington  should  not  fail  to  ask  for  the 
"MOORE    &    LEDING" 

(R.    LEDING,   Successor)    productions  in   Sterling   Silver, 

when  selecting  something  to  take  home.  These  goods  are  acknowledged 
to  be  of  the  highest  class,  and  recommend  themselves  to  a  discerning 
public. 

FOR  SALE  AT  ALL  FIRST-CLASS  JEWELRY 
STORES.  HOTELS  AND  SOUVENIR  STORES. 

Special  attention  is  called  to  the  ONLY  ORIGINAL  Mount  Vernon 

Spoon,  the  original  Monument  Spoon,  and  the  original  Library  Spoon. 
Ask  to  see  Bookmarks,  Bon-bon  Spoons,  Chocolate  Spoons,  Jelly  and 
Sugar  Spoons,  Baby  Spoons  and  Pushers. 

Wholesale    Office,    929    PENNSYLVANIA    AVENUE. 
ROBERT  LEDING. 


THE    ELSME*RE 

1408  H  STREET.  N.W.,  WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 


A  High  Class  Family  and  Transient  Hotel,  one 
block  from  U.  S.  Treasury  and  White  House. 
Large  pleasant  rooms,  public  and  private  baths, 
steam  heat,  excellent  cuisine  and  service.  $2.00  per 
day  and  up-,  $12.50  weekly  and  up.  American  Plan. 


ASK   MR 


THE  ARDMORE, 


1 3th  St.,  bet.  Penna.  Ave.  and  F  St,  N.  W, 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Family  Hotel,  central  location.  A  pleasant 
home  for  tourists  and  sightseers.  Pure 
Spring  Water  used  upon  the  table.  European 
plan,  $1  and  up;  American  plan,  $1.50  to 
§2.50.  No  liquors. 

T.  M.  HALL,  Proprietor. 
FOSTF.R    for  printed  ni.nl I er  nl  Hie  St:md;ird  Guide  Information  llurcati,  1333  Perm.  Ave. 


Photographic  Outfits 

ISO  SUPPLIES  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

E.    J.    PULLMAN, 

(Branch  Store,  459  Penn.  Ave.)        420   NINTH   ST. 
Oldest  House.    (Established  1ST5.)    Largest  Stock. 

We  supply  everything  used  in  making  photographs,  and 
all  styles  of  Cameras.  We  develop  and  finish  for  Amateurs. 
We  sell  Souvenirs  ;  also  Views  of  Washington  and  Mt. 
Vernon.  Mail  orders,  either  for  goods  or  for  developing 
and  printing,  promptly  filled. 

KODAKS    AND    CAMERAS. 
LATEST  MODELS.  LOWEST  PRICES. 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON'S  HATCHET  SPOON. 

The  most  beautiful  and  historical  souvenir  spoon,  containing  eight  objects  pertaining  to  his  home 
and  political  life. 

The  Hatchet,  and  Little  George  in  the  act  of  chopping  the  cherry  tree.  A  Scroll,  representing 
the  roll  of  parchment  upon  which  was  written  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  The  American  Flag. 
representing'  the  victory  of  Independence.  The  Capitol,  representing  the  establishment  of  our  Govern- 
ment and  his  presidency.  Mount  Vernon  Mansion,  his  beautiful  country  home.  Washington  Monu- 
ment. A  Remarkably  Correct  Medallion  Likeness  completes  one  of  the  most  attractive,  as  well  as 
popular,  spoons  of  the  day. 

Coffee  sire,  $1.25:  Tea  size,  $1.75;  made  in  Sterling  Silver  only.  For  sale  by  souvenir  dealers  and 
jewelers;  also  D.N.  WALFORD.  Manufacturer,  625  and  909  Peivna.  Ave..  N.  W.,  Washington.  D.  C. 

Kodaks,Cameras  and  Photographic 
Supplies  of  Every  Description 

DEVELOPING,    PRINTING    AND    ENLARGING 

Special  attention  given  to  mail  orders. 
Prices    on    application.         -:-         -:- 

VIEWS     OF    WASHINGTON 

The  Columbia    Photo.   Supply   Co. 

1434    Ne*v    York    Avenue, 
Opposite  Treasury  Bldg.  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Circulars  at  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau, 
1333    Pennsylvania    Avenue,    Washington,    D.    C. 


GR.ACE   M.    THOMAS, 


Real  Estate  and  Insurance  Broker, 


100  Corcoran  Building.        Telephone  3485  Y.         WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


All  dealers  who  sell  the  Standard  Guide  can  supply  also  the 

Foster  &  Reynolds    view    books   of   Washington    and    the 

Library  of  Congress.      ^        x        X        X        ^        ^ 

Always  ask  to  see  the  Foster  &  Reynolds  books. 

TER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Hnreau,  1333  Tenn    Ave. 


ftoum  (lemon  Souvenir  $poon$. 


IN  TEA  OR  COFFEE  SIZES. 


THERE  are  a  number  of 
spoons  with  views  of  Mt. 
Vernon  offered  for  sale 
throughout  the  country.  "P  is 
is  the  official  Mt.  Vernon  spoon 
unanimously  approved  by  the 
Mt.  Veinon  Ladies'  Association 
and  the  only  spoon  which  has 
ever  received  their  official  en- 
dorserrent.  It  is  our  own 
patent,  controlled  by  us  solely 
and  alone,  and  has  no  connec- 
tion with  any  other  Mt.  Vernon 
spoon.  Moreove-,  it  can  only 
be  bought  on  Mt.  Vernon 
grounds.  So,  before  purchasing 
elsewhere,  examine  ou  s  when 
you  visit  Mt.  Vernon,  or  send 
for  our  descriptive  circular  with 
cut  of  spoon,  etc.  We  send  by 
mail  all  over  the  U.S. 

Articles  made  of  wood  from 
ourMt.  Vernon  grounds  cannot 
be  purchased  anywhere  else  on 
earth  except  on  grounds.  D  • 
not  confound  these  with  articles 
made  of  wood  from  up  north 
and  ornamented  with  a  picture 
of  Mt.  Vernon,  and  sold  in 
Washington  and  elsewhere. 

Surely  a  souvenir  of  Mt.  Ver- 
non is  only  interesting  as 
coming  from  Mt,  Vernon. 


FOR  INFORMATION,  CIRCULARS,  ETC.,  ADDRESS 


franklin  JL  (Ubelan, 


Ulrginia. 

ASK  MR.    FOSTER   for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  I'enn.  Ave. 


Well-informed    people— those  who  have  traveled— say  only 
good  things  of 

Hotel  Raleigh 

ATLANTIC    CITY.    N.    J. 

That's  what  we're  striving  for  always— commendation. 

Hotel  Raleigh  is  delightfully  located  at   Ocean  end  of  St. 

Charles  Place.     Conveniently  located — sixty  seconds   from 

famous  Board-walk,  and  but  a  few  minutes  from  amusements 

and  places  of  interest. 

The  hotel  is  modern.     Well  furnished.      The  table?      None 

better.    Rates  reasonable. 

You'll  be  interested  in  my  illustrated  booklet.      Let  me  send 

'<  to  you.  C.   C.   SHINN. 


SAMUEL    ELLIS. 

Proprietor 


Hotel  Majestic 

VIRGINIA  AVENUE 
Atlantic  City,  N.  J. 


0  0  Q  Q  Q  0 
EM38GQGQ 


n  Pier"     Elevator  to  street  leve1' 

Open  throughout  the  year.    Write  for  booklet. 


aV  and 


.  . 

STER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau.  1333  Penn.  Ave 


GALEN  HALL 

ATLANTIC  CITY,  N.  J. 


1HE  OLD  BUILDINC 


Hotel  and  Sanatorium 


THE  NEW  WING. 


fiBOTrt"     ' 
iiaiata(aiaiai>)iflllt 

..„    .„,„,  i  i  Iff) 

New  Building  of  Brick 
modern  and  complete  with 
every  Hotel  convenience: 
Elevators,  Steam  Heat, 
Electric  Light,  Sun  Parlors 
on  each  floor,  and  elevated 
Solarium  with  grand  view  of  Ocean.  Rooms  with  private  baths  with  Sea 
Water.  Bath  Department  a  special  feature.  The  rooms  attractively  fitted 
in  Marble  and  White  Tile.  All  that  is  newest  and  best  in  Electricity, 
Manual  and  Mechanical  treatments.  Sea  Water  in  Baths,  and  all  Hydriatic 
Apparatus.  Massage  for  both  Ladies  and  Gentlemen,  by  attendants  of 
superior  training.  -:-  -:-  WRITE  FOR  ILLUSTRATED  BOOKLET  TO 

F.    L.    YOUNG,    General    Manager 

THE    BEAUMONT   ^ 

H      Tennessee  Av.  and  Beach, 
ATLANTIC  CITY,  N.  J. 


Open   all  year* 


Thoroughly  equipped  in  every 
detail.  Rooms  single  and  en  suite. 
Close  to  board  walk,  piers  and 
principal  bathing  points.  Table 
not  surpassed  in  Atlantic  City. 
Special  spring  rates.  For  booklet, 
etc.,  apply  to 

JOHN  B.  CORE,  Prop., 
Atlantic  City,  New  Jersey. 


ASK   MR.    FOSTER   for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  1'enn.  Ave. 


THE  WILTSHIRE 


VIRGINIA    AVENUE   AND    BEACH 
ATLANTIC    CITY.    N.    J. 


A  modern  high-class  house,  conducted  on  both  American  and  European  Plans.    Send  for  booklet  and  rates. 
8.     S.     PHOEBUS.     Proprietor. 


HOTEL    DENNIS 

ATLANTIC    CITY.     N.    J. 


Directly    faring    the    Ocean  and    Board-walk.       Hot    and     Cold    Sea    Water    in 

/ate    Baths.      All    Golf    Privileges.  N<  N<  N^  v^          x 

Open    the    Entire    Year  WALTER    J.    BUZPY 


ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  SUadard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  , 


±&$&&&$mm&$&^^ 

HOTEL    STRAND 


ATLANTIC    CITY.    N.    J. 


Located  between  the  two  Great 
Piers,  at  the  southern  end  of 
Pennsylvania  Avenue,  over- 
looking the  world-famed 
Boardwalk  and  Ocean.  -:-  -:- 

Built      cf     steel,      brick 
storve 


FIREPROOF 

Telephones  in  rooms,  ar- 
tesian well  water,  electric 
automobile,  in  fact  every 
known  comfort  and  conven- 
ience for  guests  all  the 
I  year  round.  -:-  -:-  -:- 

SEA     WATER      BATHS 

FAIFLBAIRN      &      WILLIAMS.      Owners     and     Proprietors 


DIRECTLY    ON    THE     OCEAN     FRONT 

ATLANTIC    CITY,    NEW   JERSEY 


Remains  open  throughout  the  year.  Sea  water  in  all  baths. 
Golf  privileges.  Bell  Telephone  in  rooms.  Ask  Mr.  Foster 
for  booklet  and  detailed  information.  ^  NEWLIN  HAINES 


ASK  MR.    FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Informal  ion  Durt-au,  1333  1'enn.  Ave. 


GRAND  ATLANTIC   HOTEL, 

Virginia  Avenue  and  Bea.ch.  ATLANTIC  CITY.  N.  J. 


'      - 


Under  New  Management.  OPEN  ALL  THE  YEAR. 

Hot  and  Cold  Sea.  Water  Attached  to  all  Baths.  Private  ai\d  Public. 

Long  Distance  Telephones  in  Bedrooms. 

The  hotel  is  central  and  select  in  location,  within  a  few  yards  of  the  famous  new  steel  pier,  which  offers 
every  attraction  and  amusement.  The  hotel  entertains  700  guests,  having  the  finest  exchange  and  furnish- 
ing throughout.  Ten  thousand  square  feet  of  veranda,  enclosed  in  glass,  with  direct  southern  exposure, 
makes  this  hotel  one  of  the  most  comfortable  and  inviting  of  any  in  the  city.  ^C  X  ^  X 
Bra»-  and  Enameled  Bedsteads.  DAVID  P.  RAHTER,  Manager. 

Music.     Social  Features.    <*    <*  A.  C.  MITCHELL  <£.  CO..  Props. 

ASK   MR.    FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


SHERWOOD  INN, 

Old  Point  Comfort,  Va.. 

* 

A  cheerful,  home-like  hotel,  overlooking  Fort 

Monroe  and  the  historic  Hampton  Roads.   An 

ideal  climate;  sailing,  bathing,  golt,  fishing 

nting,  and  all  the  social  attractions  of 

Old  Point.    Special  rates  by  week  or  month 

1  for  booklet.    H.  C.  WILSON. 


ASK   MK.    HOSTKK   for  printed  matter  at  .I, 


LEXINGTON  HOTEL 


Comer  12th  and  Main  Streets 
RICHMOND.    VA. 

One  Half  "Bocf(_  from    Pojl  Offic€ 


Most  centrally  located  hotel  in  the  city 

Modern  appointments.    American  Plan 
•Hates.    &2.5O    to    JS4-.OO   per   day 

i»land;j4<J  GwJJcj  Ini>jiuimi-Mt  Huix-iiu,  ISJi  iVini.  Avc. 


IN  THE  ALLEGHENY  MOUNTAINS 


hundred  feel  abo*Ve  the  Sea 


Bedford  Springs  Hotel  and  Baths. 

A  pleasure  and  health  resort  of  superior  character.  Largest  summer  resort 
hotel  in  Pennsylvania.  First-class  accomodations.  Modern  appointments. 
Rooms  en  suite  with  private  bath.  Famous  Mineral  Waters.  :  ;  ; 


por  rates  and  other  information  address 


H.  E.  BEMIS,  Manager,  BEDFORD,  PA. 


The  Real  Estate 
Title  Insurance  Company 

The  Columbia 
Title  Insurance  Company 


Titles  to  Real  Estate  in 

District  of  Columbia  examined, 

certified  and  guaranteed. 

Settlement  of  Sales  and  Loans 
superintended. 


Corner  Fifth  and  E  Streets,  N.W. 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


THE  RHODE  ISLAND 


1437  Rhode  Island  Ave.  N.  W. 

WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 

(Half  Square  from   Car  Line  connecting 
with  all  parts  of  city). 


Located  in  the  fashionable  North  West. 
Large  comfortable  rooms,  single  or  en 
suite.  Large  airy  dining  room  on  parlor 
floor.  The  only  Boarding  House  with 
Pool  Bath.  Comfortable  house  for  tour- 
ists and  sightseers.  Board  by  the  day, 
week  or  month.  Reasonable  Rates. 

MRS.  IRENE  SHAFER,  Propiietor. 
Ask  Mr.  Foster,  i  333  Pa.  Ave. 


Parker, 
Bridget  &  Co. 

The  foremost  providing 
place  of  Men's,  Women's 
and  Boys'  Wear  :  : 

Ninth  <ft  Pennsylvania.  Avenue 
WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 


ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Av« 


NEW  MANAGEMENT  J»  1903 

DERFECT  in  cuisine,  service  and  ap- 
pointments. Tennis,  Sailing,  Golf. 
Hampton  Roads  Golf  and  Country 
Club.  Largest  9-hole  course  in  the 
South.  Green  fees,  with  private  locker, 
50  cents  the  day  to  guests  of  the 
Chamberlin. 

you  can  play  all  tvinter. 

Ask  Mr.  FOSTER? 


HOTEL    CHAM'BE'RLIJ*?J 


OLT>    TOIJVT  COMFO'RT, 

OPEJV       TH  3?  0\7GHO\7T      THE.      y  E  A.  K^  . 

HUNTING.—  A  magnificent  game  preserve  of  10,000  acres.  Quail, 
Wild  Turkey,  Ducks,  Rabbits,  Coons,  Squirrel  —  exclusively  for  guests 
of  the  Chamberlin. 

Best   Shooting  East  of  the   Rockies. 

Two  booklets:  "Both  Arms  of  the  Service"  and  "Shooting  in 
the  Old  Dominion."  Both  free. 

GEO.   F.   ADAMS,  Mjvnsvger. 

Ask  Mr.  FOSTER?  FORTRESS  MONROE,  VA. 


"Both  arms  of  the  Service  At 
Old  Point  Comjort. Virginia.. 


VA.,    «•    the    Capital    of    the    great 
Tidewater  Section    3+    A   Multitude  of  Attractions 

The  Atla^rvtic  Hotel 

Rebuilt  1903,  Opened  October  1st,  is  the  newest  and  best  Hotel. 
Centrally  located ;  Fire-proof ;  Beautiful  Cafes ;  A  grand  Raths- 
keller. Long  distance  Telephone  in  every  room.  Electric  power 
throughout.  All  outside  rooms  with  splendid  views  of  harbor 
and  city.  European  plan,  $1.00  up;  American,  $3.00  up.  Splendid 
sanitary  plumbing.  New  ideas.  Plenty  of  fine  music.  Write 
for  descriptive  booklet.  ^  X  X  x  ^ 

J.    HULL    DAVIDSON,  Manager 

ASK   MR.    FOSTliK   for  priuted  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


Headquarters  for 

THE  NEW   PALATIAL 

Hotel  Belvedere 

BALTIMORE 

Opened    December  15.  1903 


THE   LATEST,   LARGEST  AND   BEST 
HOTEL   IN   THE   COUNTRY 

J^ 

ABSOLUTELY  FIREPROOF.    ACCOM- 
MODATIONS  FOR    1,000 


K    B   McCAHAN,  Manager 


Four  Blocks  from   Depots    and   Theatres 


THE  ALDINE  HOTEL, 

CHESTNUT  ST.,  above  19th  St.,  PHILADELPHIA. 


ROOMS, 

$1.50  to  $5.00  per  day,  European  Plan, 

AND 

$4.00  to  $7.00  per  day,  American  Plan. 


S.  MURRAY  MITCHELL, 


Proprietor 


A>K    \l  K.    FOSTER  lor  pr.n.ed  mailer  at  Jhe  Slandard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ai 


Ghe  BINGHAM   HOUSE 


Bingham  Ho<el  Co. 

Proprietors 


PHILADELPHIA,    PA. 


- 


David  B.  Provan 

Ma.rva.ger 


300  ROOMS 

European  Plan, 
$1.50  and  upwards 

Local  and  long-distance 

telephones  in  each  of 

our  300  rooms. 

Market  &  Eleventh  Sts, 

opposite  Reading  Railroad 
Terminal  and  three  blocks 
from  Broad  Street  Station 
of  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 


$100,000   expended  this   year  in    new  improvements,   including   50   additional 
Private   Baths,   New   Elevators,   Roof  Garden,   New   Decorations,   etc.      ^      ^- 

United  States  Hotel-HP? 


Situated  on  Beach, 
Kingston  and  Lin- 
coin  Streets,  only 
two  blocks  from  the 
south  terminal  sta- 
tion and  in  the  cen- 
ter of  the  wholesale 
and  retail  district. 

Reasonable  Rates 
Unexcelled   Table 

Good  Comfortable 
-:-      -:-       Rooms 

SEND    FOR    CIRCULARS 

JANES  G.  RICKEY.  Manager  TILLY  HAYNES.  Proprietor 

ASK  MK.    FOSTER  for  printed  matter  a?  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


HOTEL    CUMBERLAND, 

BROADWAY    AT   FIFTY-FOURTH   ST.. 

NEW  YORK  CITY. 


A  new,  modern  and  absolutely  fireproof  hotel.  Every  room  with 
private  bath.  The  most  luxuriantly  furnished  hotel  in  New  York. 
European  plan.  Send  for  souvenir  booklet.  X  ^  ^ 

EDWARD  R.  SWETT,   Proprietor. 


N.  B. — Mr.  Swett  is  also  the  owner  and  proprietor  of  the  Lake 
Harbor  Hotel,  at  Muskegon,  Michigan,  one  of  the  largest  and 
the  best  patronized  summer  resort  in  the  State.  New  York  office 
at  Hotel  Cumberland.  ^  ^  NC  ^  X  X 


ASK    MR.    FOSTER  ABOUT  THE 

NEW  GREGORIAN  HOTEL 


IN  NEW  YORK  CITY. 
The  Most  Beautiful   Hotel  in  the  Metropolis. 

-  :     EUROPEAN    PLAN.     :  - 


Corner  Eleventh  Street    and    University   Place, 

NEW  YORK. 


F°!*  BUSINESS  rtEN.-It  is  in  the  heart  of  the  wholesale  district. 
Wanamaker's;   «*ht  minutes  to  Siegel-Cooper's  big  stor* 


FOB   SHOPPPD< 

^ol 

SiaHT5EER£-One  block  from  Broadway  cars,  giving  easy  transportation  to  all  points  of  interest, 

H*j!^:m^ 

for  pr.nted  matter  at  the  Standard  Guid*  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


HOTEL  EMPIRE,  BrffliNdET  ^'^ st- 

Patronized  by  the  elite  of  travelers  and  tourists  from  all  parts  of  the  world 
Delightfully  and  Conveniently    Located         Telephone  in  Every  Room 

Within  ten  minutes  of  all  Theatres  and  great  Department  Stores 

Rooms  with  Detached  Bath 

$1.50  Per  Day  and  Upwards 
Rooms  with  Private  Bath 

$2.00  Per  Day  and  Upwards 
Suites  with  Bath 

$3.50  Per  Day  and  Upwards 

From  Fall  River  Boats  take  "9th  Avenue 
Elevated  Train  to  59th  Street"  from 
which  the  Empire  is  only  one  minute's 
walk. 

From  Grand  Central  Station  take  cars 
marked  "West  130th  street  Ferry,"  with  sign 
on  dash-board  reading  "via  Broadway" 
and  reach  Hotel  Empire  in  seven  minutes. 

From  Cortlandt  or  Liberty  street  Ferries 
take  cars  marked  "6th  and  Amsterdam 
Avennes"  direct  to  hotel  door  in  20  minutes. 

From  all  Ferries,  Steamboats  and  Ocean 
Steamers  take  "  9th  Avenue  Elevated  to 
59th  Street "  from  which  it  is  one  minute's 
walk  to  Hotel  Empire. 

Almost  any  car  from  any  part  of  the  city 
will  take  you  direct  to  the  Hotel  Empire. 

A  fine  library  of  choice  literature  for  the 
exclusive  use  of  our  guests. 

Combination  Breakfasts  25  to  75  cents.       Table  d'Hote  Dinner  6  to  8.30  Daily,  $1.00. 

The  Restaurant  of  the  Empire  is  noted  for  the  excellence  of  its  cuisine,  its  efficient  service  and  moderate  prices 
ORCHESTRAL    CONCERTS    EVERY    EVENING 

Servd  Postal  for  Ovir  Free 
Guide  to  New  York    3     9 


W.  JOHNSON   QUINN 


Broadway  and  Third  Street.  TILLY  HAYNES,  Proprietor 

American  Plan,  $2.50  and  up.       European  Plan,  $1.00  and  up. 

Send  for  Large  Colored  Map  of  New  York,  Free. 
ASK   MR.    FOSTER   for  printed  matter  at  the  StandnrH  Guide  Information  lUireau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


15 he  Jadson 


Washington  Square.  South, 
NEW    YORK. 

Adjoining  Judson  Memorial  Church.  Parlor,  bedroom  and  bath,  with  board,  $3.50  per  day 
for  one;  fs.oo  per  day  for  two;  single  rooms,  $2.00  per  day,  including  board.  Near  business 
and  shopping  district.  New  addition  just  completed. 


15 he  Holley 
15 he  Earle 


Family  Apartment  and  Transient  Hotel. 
36  WASHINGTON  SQUARE. 


Family    Apartment     a.nd    Transient     Hotel, 
103  WAVERLY   PLACE. 


Parties  arriving  via  Pennsylvania  R.  R.  at  Cortlandt  St.  Ferries,  take 
Sixth  Ave.  surface  cars,  which  pass  the  door.  ^  ^  ^ 
Those  arriving  at  Twenty-third  St.  Ferries  take  Pennsylvania  Cab  Co. 
60c.  with  light  baggage  and  70c.  with  truivk.  X  X  X 
These  hotels  are  new  and  strictly  fireproof,  being  managed  by  MR 
JAMES  KNOTT,  to  whom  application  for  rooms  may  be  made. 


Hotel 


GUY      STREET, 

MONTREAL,    P.    Q. 


EUROPEAN     PLAN 

Rates,  $1.00   to   $1.50  without   bath;    $2.00  to  $2.50 

with  bath.     Telephone  in  every  room. 
Elegantly    equipped     Private     Dining     Rooms     and 
Cafe  in  connection.      Cuisine   unsurpassed.    ^     N£ 


)STER  lor  printed  matUrat  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn    Ave 


THE    NEW   MATHEWSON, 


NARRAGANSETT    PIER 
K  H  O  D  E       I  S  L AND 


Best  location  at  Narragansett.     The  most  modern  hotel  on  the  coast.     Widest  Known  hotel  piazza,  in 

the  world,  one-seventh  of  a  mile  long.     Beautiful  lawn  with  shade  trees.     Grand  Opera  singers  engaged 

to  give  concerts  twice  a  week,  which  are  for  the  exclusive  enjoyment  of  our  guests.      Excellent  golf  links. 

Send  for  descriptive  booklet      Booklets  at  the  Standard  Guide  office.         ::        ::        ::        ::        ::        ::        :: 

S.  W.  MATHEWSON,  Jr.,  Manager.  N.  Y.  Office,  Hotel  Touraine.  9  East  39th  Street. 


The 


Chicago   Beach    Hotel 


Fifty-First  Boulevard  and  Lake  Shore,  Chicago, 

Is  the  finest  summer  and  winter  hotel  on  the  Great  Lakes  for  families,  tourists  and  transient  guests. 
Has  nearly  1000  feet  of  broad  veranda,  like  the  above.  Built  of  stone  and  pressed  brick.  450  large  rooms. 
All  outside.  No  courts.  Furnished  throughout  in  mahogany.  220  private  bath  rooms.  Just  10  minutes 
by  Illinois  Central  Express  from  the  shopping  and  theater  district  of  the  city.  Cool  in  summer,  away 
from  the  city's  dust,  noise  and  smoke.  Golf,  tennis,  boating,  bathing  and  fishing.  Send  for  handsome, 
new,  illustrated  booklet.  Manager,  Geo.  W.  Reynolds,  late  manager  Hotel  Del  Monte,  California. 

ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau.  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


The  South's  Most  Palatial  Hotel 

ABSOLUTELY  FIREPROOF          Tourists  and  travelers  gener- 
ally are  cordially  invited  to  stop  over  at 

THE  PIEDMONT  HOTEL 


THE  PIEDMONT  HOTEL 


ATLANTA,  GEORGIA 

European   and  American    Plans 

Every  comfort  and  all  the  luxurious-- 
ness of  America's  best  hotels.  306 
Guest  Rooms;  iso  private  baths; 
exquisite  parlor  suites;  long  distance 
telephones  in  every  room.  Golf,  rid- 
ing and  driving,  automobiling,  battle- 
fields to  visit  and  many  points  ol 
interest.  A  trip  to  the  South  is  in- 
complete if  you  fail  to  stop  over  at  the 
Piedmont  Hotel. 

WILL  V.  ZIMMER,  Manager 


SOUTH      CAROLINA 

=LONG    LEAF    PINE    BELT- 

The  KIRKWOOD 

ON    CAMDEN     HEIGHTS, 

CAMDEN,    SOUTH    CAROLINA 
The   New  Hotel  in  Camden,  modern   in   all   appointments 

T.    EDMUND     KRUMBHOLZ 


«A»  RVISSEAVMONT. 
LAKE  PLACID.   N.  Y. 


ASK  MR.    FOSTER  for  printed  mailer  at  Hie  Slandard  Guide  Informaiion  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


THE  MANOR, 


ALBEMAHLE  PAHK. 

ASHEVILLE  9  NORTH  CAROLINA 


AN       EXCLUSIVE       INN. 


THE  MANOR,  open  the  year  round,  is  neither  a  hotel  nor  a  boarding  house;  it  differs 
from  both.'  It  is  unique  in  itself.  It  provides  a  perfectly  comfortable  place  to  live,  at- 
tractive in  its  surroundings,  complete  but  modest  in  its  appointments,  and  carrying  that  air  of 
refinement  essential  to  the  comfort  ot  cultivated  people.  The  Manor  has  come  to  be  known 
as  the  most  home-like  public  house  in  the  South,  and  is  particularly  adapted  for  persons 
making  a  prolonged  stay  in  the  mountains.  Cottages  in  connection  are  rented  by  room,  or 
suite,  or  entire  cottage.  The  table  is  good.  Electric  lights,  steam  heat  and  open  wood  fire- 
places. Golf,  tennis  and  other  amusements  For  further  information,  address 

ALBEMARLE  PARK  COMPANY.  Asheville.  N.  C. 


TOXAWAY   INN 


The     Beatvitifxil     Sapphire     Co\intry 

in  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains  of  Western  North  Carolina,  with  its  clear  streams,  crystal  lakes,  and  sweep- 
ing mountain  views,  has  unique  and  unexcelled  attractions  for  the  tourist,  sportsman  and  heMth-seeker. 
Provision  has  been  made  for  visitors  in  the  Toxaway  Co.'s  admirable  system  of  hotels.  All  a/e  new  and 
perfectly  equipped  for  the  comfort  and  pleasure  of  guests.  For  booklet  and  terms,  address 

Ma.rva.ger  of  Hotels,  Breva.rd,  N.  C. 

Excursion  tickets  on  sale  to  Brevard  and  Lake  Toxaway,  N.  C. 

THE  FRANKLIN    TOXAWAY  INN     SAPPHIRE  INN    FAIR  FIELD  INN      MOUNTAIN  LODGr 
Brevard,  N.  C.        LaL.ke  Toxaway        Sapphire,  N.  C.        Sapphire,  N.  C.     Summit  of  Mt.Tox*.?  . ; 

5.000  Feet 

ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Rureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


THE     NEW     STANTON 


Chattanooga's 
Leading  Hotel 

CEO.  Tt.  TOTTS. 

Proprietor. 

One  Square  from 
Central  "Passenger 


THE  MOST  CONVENIENT 
AND  ATTRACTIVE  HOTEL 
BETWEEN  THE  NORTH 
AND  FLORIDA.  J»  J»  J» 

Luxurious  rooms,  arranged  in 
suites,  with  private  bath:  perfect 
service;  cuisine  unexcelled. 


RATES  : 

American  Plan,  $2*50  and  upward 
buropean  Plan,  $1.00  and  upward 


SAN    JUAN    HOTEL 

Orlando,  Florida. 

H.  L.  BEEMAN,  Owner  a.nd  Ma.na.ger 


EJiLA'RGE'D 


ELKCT'RIC    ELEVATOT*. 


ROOMS    SINGLE   AND    EN    SUITE 
WITH    OR.    WITHOUT    BATH     5     3 

100     Milea     of      Fine      Clsvy     R.o-Ads      for      Bicycling     «vnd      Driving 
Weekly     K.MI-S    at     the     Driving     Pe^rlc.         J»        Beautiful     Grounds 


GOLF 


TOLO 


ASK  MR.  FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau.  1833  Penn.  Ave. 


LOOKOUT  INN, 


OPEN  ALL  THE  YEAR.. 


LOOKOUT  INN  is  on  the  summit  of  Lookout  Mountain,  Tennessee's  great  historic 
resort,  famed  for,  grandeur  of  scenery.  The  Inn,  with  accommodations  for  500  guests,  is 
equipped  with  every  convenience  and  comfort.  Steam  heat  and  open  fireplaces.  Gas  and 
electric  lights.  Perfect  sanitary  system.  Cuisine  unexcelled.  All  light,  airy  rooms,  affording 
magnificent  views.  For  terms  and  information  address 

M.  S.  GIBSON,  Manager,  Lookout  Inn,  Lookout  Mountain.  Tenn. 


HAMPTON  TERRACE, 


AUGUSTA, 
GEORGIA 


One  of  the  finest  resort  hotels  in  the  South.     Located  in  the  celebrated  Georgia  pine  belt  and 

about  an  hour's  ride  by  trolley  from  Aiken.      Through  Pullman  service  from  St.  Augustine. 

A.**.  Mr.  Foster  C.  A.  LINSLE Y,  Proprietor 

ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


Don't  Wait 

until  you  are  sick.     An  ounce  of  prevention 
is   worth   a   pound   of   cure.       Go    now    to 

French  Lick 

aovd 

West  Baden  Springs 

in  the  highlands  of  Southern  Indiana,  on  the 


MDNON  ROUTE 


k 


REST 


RECUPERATION 


RECREATION 


Of  the  Spring  Waters  found  at  these  Springs,  Dr.  Samuel  Gross} 

of  Philadelphia,  wrote  as  follows: 

"  I  have  had  opportunity  to  try  various  medicines  and  the  various  mineral  waters  of 
this  country  and  Europe,  and  I  am  free  to  confess  that,  as  an  eliminator  of  diseased 
conditions  of  the  digestive  organs,  and  as  a  healing  agent  to  the  mucous  membrane 
lining  the  alimentary  tract,  the  waters  of  these  springs  are  certainly  superior  to  any 
curative  agents  1  have  ever  examined." 

Beneficial   to  Stomach.  Liver,  Kidney  and   Bowels 

Hotel  Rates  range  from  $8  to  $35  per  week,  including  free  use  of 
waters.  Accommodations  from  the  plain  boarding  house  up  to 
the  finest  apartments,  and  service  to  be  obtained  in  the  best 
metropolitan  hotels. 

Booklet  telling  all  about  the  waters  and  giving  list  of  the 
hotels    and    boarding    houses  with   their   rates   sent  free. 


FRANK  J.  REED, 

G.  P.  A. 


CHAS.  H.  ROCKWELL, 

CHICAGO  Traffic  Mgr. 


ASK  MR.  FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


TO  THOROUGHLY  ENJOY 
YOUR  VACATION 

is    to    be    properly    equipped  with   a    motor    boat. 

Your  launch  should  be  one,  the  general  ecftiip- 
ment  of  which  is  so  nearly  perfect,  and  the  pother 
so  entirely  dependable,  that  you  are  free  to  devote 
yourself  to  unalloyed  enjoyment. 

The  correct  design  and  perfect  construction  of 
Loiter  Motor  "Boats,  their  handsome  finish  and 
fine  general  equipment,  and  the  conceded  excellence 
and  reliability  of  Loafer  Gasoline  Engines, 
is  summed  up  in  three  words — "  Strictly  High  Grade." 

Motor  Boats,    16   to   90  feet. 
Gas  Engines,  3  to  100  H.  P. 


for 
Catalogs 
and  for  a 
Copy  of 

"G6e 
PROPELLER." 


LOZIER 
MOTOR  CO. 

NEW  YORK  CITY 
1  BroatdwaLy 

Department     O 


ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  matter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave. 


DAILY    CIRCULATION     OVER.    32.000 
Some  of  the  reajons  why 

THE  WASHINGTON  POST 

i.  .cknowledged  to  b«  the  leading  newspaper  in  its  territory, 
and    one    of    the   beat    advertising    mediums    in    the    country 


It   is   the   leading    newspaper   published    at    the    National    Capital. 
It   is    the  only  morning  newspaper  in  the  city  of  Washington. 
It  goes  into   90  per  cent,  of   the  white  homes   in   Washington. 
It  has  an  unrivaled  house-to-house  delivery. 
It  ctrries  more  foreign  advertising  than  any  paper  in  the  city  of 

Washington. 
It  carries  more  resort  advertising  than  any  other  paper  in  Washington. 

It   has  a  "Resort  Information   Bureau"   for  the  benefit  of  resort 
advertisers  in  the  distribution  of  booklets. 

It  has  an  "  Educational  Information   Bureau "  for  the   distribution 
of  school  catalogues. 

These  are  some  of  the  reasons  why  it  brings  results  to  advertisers 
of  legitimate  articles. 

Also  why  The  Post  is  used  by  the  majority  of  advertisers  who; 
advertise  in  but  one  paper  in  Washington. 


SUNDAY     CIRCULATION     OVER.     46,000 


FOR  ADVERTISING  KATES  APPLY  TO 

PAVL   BLOCK,       )  211  Vanderbilt  Building,   NEW  YORK 

M»n.g«r     Foreign*    Advertising    '    1540     Unity     Building,  -  CHICAGO 

ASK  MR.   FOSTER  for  printed  nutter  at  the  Standard  Guide  Information  Bureau,  1333  Penn.  Ave.| 


University  of  California 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

405  Hilgard  Avenue,  Los  Angeles,  CA  90024-1388 

Return  this  material  to  the  library 

from  which  ft  was  borrowed. 


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